2mks iv Name two types of natural vegetation in the area covered by the map 2mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 273 b Calculate the area of the Kisumu municipality. Give your answer in square kilometers km 2mks c Measure the length of the all-weather road bound surface from the junction at grid reference 974911 to the edge of the map, grid reference 950968 2mks d Citing evidence, give three social functions of Kisumu town. 6mks e i Using a scale of 1cm to represent 200 metres, draw a cross-section from grid reference 970980 to 030989. 4mks ii On it mark and name the following Steep slope 1mk Motor able road 1mk Nyangori river 1mk iii Calculate the vertical exaggeration. 2mks 7. A i Define the term folding 2mk ii State three factors that influence folding. 3mks b i Briefly describe the continental drift theory. 5mks ii State 2 evidences supporting the above theory of continental drift. 2mks c i Using a well labelled diagram, explain how conventional currents theory may lead to formation of Fold Mountains. 6mks ii Highlight the signifance of Fold Mountains to human activities. 5mks iii Give two theories that explain the formation of Fold Mountains apart from convectional currents theory. 2mks 8. A Define the following terms i Glaciation 1mk ii Ice-berg 1mk b Give two reasons why there are no ice sheets in Kenya 2mks c The diagram below shows a glaciated landscape use it to answer questions that follow. I Identify the feature labelled M and N 2mks ii Name two process through which N is formed. 2mks iii Describe how feature marked N is formed. 5mks d i Name two types of moraines. 3mks ii Explain two factors that determine the speed of ice movement. 4mks d Students from a school near Mt.


5mks d i Name two types of moraines. 3mks ii Explain two factors that determine the speed of ice movement. 4mks d Students from a school near Mt. Kenya were planning to carry out afield study of the glaciated e features on top of the mountain. I State two reasons why they needed a route map. 2mks ii Give three challenges they would likely face during their field study. 3mks 9. A i Define the term underground water. 1mk ii Give three sources of underground water. 3mks iii Explain 3 factors that influence the occurrence of underground water. 6mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 274 b The diagram below shows an artesian well. I Name the parts marked X and Y. 2mks ii State four conditions necessary for the formation of artesian wells. 4mks iii Explain two significance of underground water to human activities. 4mks c You intend to carry out a field study in a Karst landscape. I Give two reasons why it is necessary to carry out a pre-visit before the study. 2mks ii Give three follow up activities that you were engaged in after the actual study. 3mks 10. A i Name three factors that influence the formation of soil. 3mks ii Name three processes of soil formation. 3mks b Apart from texture, name other properties of soil. 3mks c i What is soil degeneration? 2mks ii Explain three ways in which farming practices may lead to loss of soil fertility. 6mks iii State how soil acidity is reduced. 2mks d i Draw a simple labelled diagram of profile of a mature soil. 4mks ii Distinguish between soil profile and soil catena. 2mks MURANG A EXTRA COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION 312 2 GEOGRAPHY SECTION A 25MARKS Answer all the questions in this section 1 a Give the relationship between Geography and Agriculture. 2mks b State three significance of learning Geography.


4mks ii Distinguish between soil profile and soil catena. 2mks MURANG A EXTRA COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION 312 2 GEOGRAPHY SECTION A 25MARKS Answer all the questions in this section 1 a Give the relationship between Geography and Agriculture. 2mks b State three significance of learning Geography. 3mks 2. A What is horticulture? 2mks b State three advantages of using green house in horticulture farming 3mks 3. A Name two minerals mined in South Africa 3mks b State three problems facing mining industry in South Africa 3mks 4. A State two factors necessary for a land to be reclaimed 3mks b Give three uses of polder land in Netherlands 3mks 5. Give four ways in which Kenya will benefit as a result of oil discovery in Turkana County 4mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 275 SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section. 6. The table below shows total number of livestock in Kenya in 1986 and 1996 Type of livestock Number in millions 1986 1996 Cattle 19.0 20.7 Sheep 17.0 26.7 Goats 18.5 27.3 Chicken 20.0 40 a i Using a scale 1cm representing 5 million livestock, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the above given data. 8mks ii State three advantages of comparative bar graph 3mks b i Explain three factors that favour beef farming in Argentina 6mks ii Name two exotic breeds of cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya 2mks c Explain three ways which the government of Kenya assists nomadic pastoralists to improve the quality of their livestock 6mks 7. A i Name three tree species found in the softwood forest of Canada.


The table below shows total number of livestock in Kenya in 1986 and 1996 Type of livestock Number in millions 1986 1996 Cattle 19.0 20.7 Sheep 17.0 26.7 Goats 18.5 27.3 Chicken 20.0 40 a i Using a scale 1cm representing 5 million livestock, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the above given data. 8mks ii State three advantages of comparative bar graph 3mks b i Explain three factors that favour beef farming in Argentina 6mks ii Name two exotic breeds of cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya 2mks c Explain three ways which the government of Kenya assists nomadic pastoralists to improve the quality of their livestock 6mks 7. A i Name three tree species found in the softwood forest of Canada. 3mks ii State physical factors that favor the growth of softwood forest in Canada 3mks b State four characteristics of softwood forest in Canada 4mks c Give three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programmes in Kenya forest 3mks d State the differences between softwood forest of Canada and kenya under the following sub- headings: i Species 2mks ii Mode of transportation 2mks iii Harvesting 2mks e Explain three significance of forests in kenya to human activities. 6mks 8. A State three physical conditions that favour sugar cane growing in the lake Victoria basin in Kenya. 3mks b Describe the cultivation of sugarcane in Kenya. 6mks c Explain five problems facing sugarcane farming in Kenya. 10mks d Your class visited a sugar factory for a field study on sugar processing. I Outline four stages of sugar processing that the class may have observed. 4mks ii Name two by-products of sugar that the class may have identified during the study. 2marks 9. A i What is wildlife?


4mks ii Name two by-products of sugar that the class may have identified during the study. 2marks 9. A i What is wildlife? 2mks ii Give three factors that favour the establishment of national park at Tsavo 3mks iii Mention four tourists attractions in kenya . 4mks b Explain four factors that hinder the development of domestics tourism in Kenya 4mks c State four problems associated with tourism industry in Kenya 4mks d Explain four benefits of tourism in the economy of Kenya 8mks 10. A i Name TWO types of fishing. 2mks ii State THREE reasons why marine fisheries are under developed in Kenya. 3mks iii State FOUR solutions to the problems facing the fishing industry in Kenya. 4mks b i Give TWO modern methods of fish preservation. 2mks ii Describe the basket method of fishing. 5mks c i Name THREE countries in the North West Atlantic fishing ground. 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 276 ii Compare fishing in Kenya and Japan under the following subheadings: Continental shelf 2mks Coastline 2mks Ocean currents 2mks MURANG A EXTRA COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION MARKING SCHEMES GEO PP1 SECTION A. 1. A Define the following terms. I Geography 1mk The scientific study of earth as the home of mankind Study of distribution and interrelationship of the natural and human phenomena on earth s surface ii Habitat 1mk Physical condition that influence development and behavior of living organisms b Give three branches of geography. 3mks Physical geography Human Practical Geography 2. A Name two elements of weather that can be recorded at a school station. 2mks Wind Rain Temperature Humidity Sunshine Atmosphere pressure Cloud cover b Give three reasons why the recording of data at a school station may be inaccurate. 3mks Human error Interference with instruments Poor siting of weather stations Extreme weather conditions Natural calamities 3.


Give your answer in square kilometers km 2mks Full squares 5 Half square 172 5 172 13.5 km - 0.5 c Measure the length of the all-weather road bound surface from the junction at grid reference 974911 to the edge of the map, grid reference 960959. 2mks 5.4km 0.1 5.3 5.5 km www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 278 d Citing evidence explain three social functions of Kisumu town. 6mks Water supply centre evidenced by water works Education center evidenced by prison Health center evidenced by a school Religious center evidenced by church Administrative center evidenced by prison e i Using a scale of 1cm to represent 200 metres, draw a cross-section from grid reference 970980 to 030989. 4mks ii On it mark and name the following Steep slope 1mk Motor able road 1mk Nyangori river 1mk T-1mrk, y-1mk, SP and EP-1mk, labelled y axis- 1mk iii Calculate the vertical exaggeration. 2mks V.E Vertical scale Horizontal scale 1200 200 x 5001 2.5 times 7. A i Define the term folding 2mk Folding is the bending or distortion of crustal rocks which make them bend upwards and downwards due to compressional forces. Ii State three factors that influence folding. 3mks Rock type flexibility or elasticity of a rock Strength or intensity of the compressional forces Temperature within rocks The age of sedimentary rockswww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 279 b i Briefly describe the continental drift theory. 5mks It states the earth was initially a large land mass called Pangae.


A i Define the term folding 2mk Folding is the bending or distortion of crustal rocks which make them bend upwards and downwards due to compressional forces. Ii State three factors that influence folding. 3mks Rock type flexibility or elasticity of a rock Strength or intensity of the compressional forces Temperature within rocks The age of sedimentary rockswww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 279 b i Briefly describe the continental drift theory. 5mks It states the earth was initially a large land mass called Pangae. It was surrounded by a great sea called panthalasa Later pangea broke up into two blocks namely Laurasia and Gondwanaland. The blocks were separated by a narrow sea called Tethys Eventually laurasia broke and formed the Northern continents e.g Europe and America while Gondwanaland formed southern like Africa ii State 3 evidences supporting the above theory of continental drift. 3mks The jig saw fit of continental margins Geological structure Sea floor spreading Climatology Distribution of ancient glacial deposits The mid atlantic ridge Paleontological evidences Palaeomagnetic studies i Using a well labelled diagram, explain how conventional currents theory may lead to formation of fold mountains. 6mks The hot molten mantle rocks has convectional currents that move in a circular motion from the bottom towards the crust. The currents exert a frictional drag on the sima rocks This make the crustal rock to move horizontally which generates the compressional forces . The compressional forces squeeze sedimentary rocks materials which bend to form fold mountains. D-2mks T-4mks ii Highlight the signifance of Fold Mountains to human activities. 4mks Fold mountains provide beautiful scenery that attract tourist hence bring foreign exchange Wind ward slopes of fold mountain receive heavy precipitation rainfall which encourage settlement agriculture Some fold mountains have exposed valuable mineral deposits which are mined for income industrial raw materials Some fold mountains act as a barrier to transport and communication lines difficult and expensive. Rugged nature of Folds Mountains hinder settlement agricultural activities.


D-2mks T-4mks ii Highlight the signifance of Fold Mountains to human activities. 4mks Fold mountains provide beautiful scenery that attract tourist hence bring foreign exchange Wind ward slopes of fold mountain receive heavy precipitation rainfall which encourage settlement agriculture Some fold mountains have exposed valuable mineral deposits which are mined for income industrial raw materials Some fold mountains act as a barrier to transport and communication lines difficult and expensive. Rugged nature of Folds Mountains hinder settlement agricultural activities. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 280 iii Give two theories that explain the formation of Fold Mountains apart from convectional currents theory. 2mks Contraction theory Plate tectonics theory 8. A Define the following terms i Glaciation 1mk Process through which moving ice erodes,transport and deposits material on the earth s surface to form glacial features ii Ice-berg 1mk A large block of ice broken from ice sheets and floating in seas oceans b Give two reasons why there are no ice sheets in Kenya 2mks Kenya experiences high temperatures under which ice cannot form Most parts of Kenya have low altitude lowlands. Kenya is found at low latitude regions equatorial areas c The diagram below shows a glaciated landscape use it to answer questions that follow.


Www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 280 iii Give two theories that explain the formation of Fold Mountains apart from convectional currents theory. 2mks Contraction theory Plate tectonics theory 8. A Define the following terms i Glaciation 1mk Process through which moving ice erodes,transport and deposits material on the earth s surface to form glacial features ii Ice-berg 1mk A large block of ice broken from ice sheets and floating in seas oceans b Give two reasons why there are no ice sheets in Kenya 2mks Kenya experiences high temperatures under which ice cannot form Most parts of Kenya have low altitude lowlands. Kenya is found at low latitude regions equatorial areas c The diagram below shows a glaciated landscape use it to answer questions that follow. I Identify the feature labelled M and N 2mks M- Arete N- Tarn corrie lakes cirque lake ii Name two process through which N is formed. 2mks Plucking process Abrasion process iii Describe how feature marked N is formed. 5mks Snow accumulates in a pre-existing hallow on a mountain side Snow gets compacted into ice to form cirque glacier Through abrasion the floor aand the sides are eroded deepening the hollow Plucking process erodes the back walls steepening them A series of these processes results to formation of deep arm shaped depression called corrie The depression filled melt water to form a lake called a tarn d i Name two types of moraines. 3mks Lateral moraine Media moraine Terminal moraine Ground sub-glacial moraine Recessional moraine Glacial moraine ii Explain two factors that determine the speed of ice movement. 4mks Temparature changes Width of the glacier channel Thickness and height of the glacierwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 281 Gradient of the slope Nature of the rock surface friction e Students from a school near Mt. Kenya were planning to carry out afield study of the glaciated features on top of the mountain.


Kenya is found at low latitude regions equatorial areas c The diagram below shows a glaciated landscape use it to answer questions that follow. I Identify the feature labelled M and N 2mks M- Arete N- Tarn corrie lakes cirque lake ii Name two process through which N is formed. 2mks Plucking process Abrasion process iii Describe how feature marked N is formed. 5mks Snow accumulates in a pre-existing hallow on a mountain side Snow gets compacted into ice to form cirque glacier Through abrasion the floor aand the sides are eroded deepening the hollow Plucking process erodes the back walls steepening them A series of these processes results to formation of deep arm shaped depression called corrie The depression filled melt water to form a lake called a tarn d i Name two types of moraines. 3mks Lateral moraine Media moraine Terminal moraine Ground sub-glacial moraine Recessional moraine Glacial moraine ii Explain two factors that determine the speed of ice movement. 4mks Temparature changes Width of the glacier channel Thickness and height of the glacierwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 281 Gradient of the slope Nature of the rock surface friction e Students from a school near Mt. Kenya were planning to carry out afield study of the glaciated features on top of the mountain. I State two reasons why they needed a route map. 2mks To identify direction to take To estimate distance they would cover To estimate time they are likely to take To plan a schedule of a activities working programme ii Give three challenges they would likely face during their field study. 3mks Ice accumulation may hinder transportation Steep landcape making roads impassible Attack by wild animals eg. Snakes. Accidents may occur eg. Falling due to the steep slopes 9. A i Define the term underground water. 1mk It is water that is found beneath the earth surface Is water found in the pores of a permeable rock underground and above an impermeable rock layer.


Accidents may occur eg. Falling due to the steep slopes 9. A i Define the term underground water. 1mk It is water that is found beneath the earth surface Is water found in the pores of a permeable rock underground and above an impermeable rock layer. Ii Give three sources of underground water. 3mks Rain water lakes seas rivers Melt water melting ice Magmatic water plutonic water iii Explain 3 factors that influence the occurrence of underground water. 6mks Evaporation rate- high evaporation leads to less infiltration Low evaporation leads to more infiltration Level of ground saturation dry soil absorb more water to make underground water while saturated wet soils have little infiltration. Vegetation cover- presence of vegetation cover reduce run-off hold water on the ground water has enough time to infiltrate, while bare grounds has more run-off hence little infiltration. Amount of precipitation rainfall. Slope gradient- flat ground has more infiltration as water remains in place and has enough time to sink steep slopes have ru-off and little water infiltration. B The diagram below shows an artesian well. I Name the parts marked X and Y. 2mks x Aquifer permeable rock y Impermeable rockwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 282 ii State four conditions necessary for the formation of artesian wells. 4mks The mouth of the well must be lower than the water intake area for water to flow out naturally. The artesian well be sunk to reach below water table in the permeable rock for it to have water permanently. Permeable rock aquifer must be sandwiched between two impermeable rocks to hold water. The permeable rock aquifer must outcrop in a region of adequate water supply high rainfall a lake bed in order to absorb water of underground water. Iii Explain two significance of underground water to human activities. 4mks Form springs which are a source of rivers that provide water for domestic industrial irrigation uses. Underground water forms oasis wells that provide water for domestic industrial uses. Underground water sustains growth of crops plant animal life.


4mks Form springs which are a source of rivers that provide water for domestic industrial irrigation uses. Underground water forms oasis wells that provide water for domestic industrial uses. Underground water sustains growth of crops plant animal life. Spring oasis wells attract settlement development of towns Hot springs geysers formed by underground water during vulcanicity are used to generate geothermal power c You intend to carry out a field study in a Karst landscape. I Give two reasons why it is necessary to carry out a pre-visit before the study. 2mks To familiarizes the students with the area To determine the suitability of the area of study To estimate the cost of study and plan accordingly. To identify any problem is likely to encounter during the study It is useful in designing a working schedule ii Give three follow up activities that you were engaged in after the actual study. 3mks Discussing the findings Drawing sketches Analyzing the data Interpreting the data Writing reports 10. A i Name three factors that influence the formation of soil. 3mks Parent material Time Climate Living organisms Gradient relief ii Name three processes of soil formation. Lateralization Humification Salinization podzolisation b Apart from texture, name other properties of soil. 3mks Thickness Water Porosity Colour Temperature Lime content c i What is soil degeneration? 2mks It is the loss of soil fertility or soil deterioration decline in usefulness of soil due to physical chemical and biological factors. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 283 ii Explain three ways in which farming practices may lead to loss of soil fertility. 6mks Overgrazing leads to removal of vegetation exposing soil to agent of erosion. Frequent ploughing weaken soil structure make it easy for agents of soil erosion. Burning crop remains and bushes destroy, organic matter. Over use of agro chemicals change soil P.H and make it poor. Plough up and down the slope create channels for run-off which takes away soil nutrients. Iii State how soil acidity is reduced.


Over use of agro chemicals change soil P.H and make it poor. Plough up and down the slope create channels for run-off which takes away soil nutrients. Iii State how soil acidity is reduced. 2mks Adding lime content i.e calcium hydroxide to the soil Draining of swampy stagnant environment to improve soil aeration Planting of water tolerant sapping plants in swampy zones to improve the drainage condition. D i Draw a simple labelled diagram of profile of a mature soil. 4mks ii Distinguish between soil profile and soil catena. 2mks Soil profile is the vertical arrangement of different layers of soil from the surface to the bed rock while soil catena is the sequence of different soils layers down a slope. MURANG A EXTRA COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION MARKING SCHEMES GEO PP2 Answer all the questions in this section 1 a . Give the relationship between Geography and Agriculture. 2x1mks Agriculture uses geography to determine suitable climatic areas for crop growing and livestock keeping while Geography studies farming systems, their distribution and the factors affecting farming activities. B . State three significance of learning Geography. 3x1mks Geography helps learners to develop skills which are used to study the environment. It teaches methods of collecting and representing geographical information It enables learners to understand and appreciate different environmental influences of societies Encourages international awareness and cooperation Geography teaches how to manage time properly through field work Geography is a tool of better citizenship Geography is a career subject eg. Geography teacher Geography helps us to acquire positive attitudes and values in society. 2. A What is horticulture? 2mks Is the cultivation of vegetables, fruits and flowers for commercial purposes b State three advantages of using green house in horticulture farming Any 3x1 3mks Climatic hazards such as hailstones stong winds excessive rainfall can be controlled It is easy to control weeds plants are grown throughout the yearwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 284 Pests diseases is easily controlled .it is easier to control the amount of moisture that the flowers require 3.


2. A What is horticulture? 2mks Is the cultivation of vegetables, fruits and flowers for commercial purposes b State three advantages of using green house in horticulture farming Any 3x1 3mks Climatic hazards such as hailstones stong winds excessive rainfall can be controlled It is easy to control weeds plants are grown throughout the yearwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 284 Pests diseases is easily controlled .it is easier to control the amount of moisture that the flowers require 3. A Name two minerals mined in South Africa Any 2x1 2mks Gold Diamond Coal Silver Iron ore Uranium copper b Give three problems facing mining industry in South Africa Any 3x1 3mks some mines are very deep thus expensive difficult to mine competition for skilled labour from other sectors of the economy inadequate water supply for processing minerals some mines are closed due to exhaustion of minerals collapse of mines causes heavy losses of lives 4. A State three factors necessary for a land to be reclaimed Any 3x1 3mks The land should be large extensive The land should be accessible for easy transportation Availability of gentle sloping land for mechanization Availability of capitals to initiate the project The climate should be suitable for the intended agricultural activities. Skilled man power should be available to make reclamation viable b Give three uses of polder land in Netherlands Any 3x1 3mks Its used for cultivation of crops It is for settlement Its used for establishment of transport network Its use for setting up industries Its used for pasture land for dairy animals 5. Give four ways in which Kenya will benefit as a result of oil discovery in Turkana county Any 4x1mks It will open the area as a result of constructing roads Exports of oil will earn Kenya more foreign exchange Development of social amenities will improve the living standard of the people Employment in oil field industries will improve living standard of the people It will lead to rise and expansion of towns SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section 6.


A State three factors necessary for a land to be reclaimed Any 3x1 3mks The land should be large extensive The land should be accessible for easy transportation Availability of gentle sloping land for mechanization Availability of capitals to initiate the project The climate should be suitable for the intended agricultural activities. Skilled man power should be available to make reclamation viable b Give three uses of polder land in Netherlands Any 3x1 3mks Its used for cultivation of crops It is for settlement Its used for establishment of transport network Its use for setting up industries Its used for pasture land for dairy animals 5. Give four ways in which Kenya will benefit as a result of oil discovery in Turkana county Any 4x1mks It will open the area as a result of constructing roads Exports of oil will earn Kenya more foreign exchange Development of social amenities will improve the living standard of the people Employment in oil field industries will improve living standard of the people It will lead to rise and expansion of towns SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section 6. The table below shows total number of livestock in Kenya in 1986 and 1996 Type of livestock Number in millions 1986 1996 Cattle 19.0 20.7 Sheep 17.0 26.7 Goats 18.5 27.3 Chicken 20.0 40 a i Using a scale 1cm representing 5 million livestock, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the above given data. 8mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 285 T-1MK Y AXIS-1MK X AXIS-1MK KEY-1MK BARS-EACH GROUP 2MKS ii State three advantages of comparative bar graph Any 3x1 3mks Easy to construct draw Easy to interprete read It gives good visual impression.


Give four ways in which Kenya will benefit as a result of oil discovery in Turkana county Any 4x1mks It will open the area as a result of constructing roads Exports of oil will earn Kenya more foreign exchange Development of social amenities will improve the living standard of the people Employment in oil field industries will improve living standard of the people It will lead to rise and expansion of towns SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section 6. The table below shows total number of livestock in Kenya in 1986 and 1996 Type of livestock Number in millions 1986 1996 Cattle 19.0 20.7 Sheep 17.0 26.7 Goats 18.5 27.3 Chicken 20.0 40 a i Using a scale 1cm representing 5 million livestock, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the above given data. 8mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 285 T-1MK Y AXIS-1MK X AXIS-1MK KEY-1MK BARS-EACH GROUP 2MKS ii State three advantages of comparative bar graph Any 3x1 3mks Easy to construct draw Easy to interprete read It gives good visual impression. B i Explain three factors that favour beef farming in Argentina 3x2mks Replacement of coarse grasses with alfalfa corn has improved the quality of pastures for the beef cattle Cross breeding of the traditional cattle with higher quality breeds Hereford Aberdeen Angus improved the quality of the yield The warm and wet maritime climate of the area makes grazing of cattle possible throughout the year Availability of water supplied using wind pumps ensures constant supply of water for cattle Availability of vast land pampas which was suitable for cattle grazing encourages beef ranching Availability of market both local external encourages the farmers to expand the beef industry Availability of refrigeration facilities enables beef to reach far off market while still fresh Well developed railway network which help in transporting beef cattle to factories Any 2x3 6mrks ii Name two exotic breeds of cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya.


The table below shows total number of livestock in Kenya in 1986 and 1996 Type of livestock Number in millions 1986 1996 Cattle 19.0 20.7 Sheep 17.0 26.7 Goats 18.5 27.3 Chicken 20.0 40 a i Using a scale 1cm representing 5 million livestock, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the above given data. 8mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 285 T-1MK Y AXIS-1MK X AXIS-1MK KEY-1MK BARS-EACH GROUP 2MKS ii State three advantages of comparative bar graph Any 3x1 3mks Easy to construct draw Easy to interprete read It gives good visual impression. B i Explain three factors that favour beef farming in Argentina 3x2mks Replacement of coarse grasses with alfalfa corn has improved the quality of pastures for the beef cattle Cross breeding of the traditional cattle with higher quality breeds Hereford Aberdeen Angus improved the quality of the yield The warm and wet maritime climate of the area makes grazing of cattle possible throughout the year Availability of water supplied using wind pumps ensures constant supply of water for cattle Availability of vast land pampas which was suitable for cattle grazing encourages beef ranching Availability of market both local external encourages the farmers to expand the beef industry Availability of refrigeration facilities enables beef to reach far off market while still fresh Well developed railway network which help in transporting beef cattle to factories Any 2x3 6mrks ii Name two exotic breeds of cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya. Any 2x1mrks Aberdeen Angus Hereford Galloway Charolais Shorthorn Sahiwalwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 286 c Explain three ways which the government of Kenya assists nomadic pastoralists to improve the quality of their livestock Any 6x1 6mks The government has set up demonstration ranches to educate the pastoralists on better ways of keeping livestock Cattle dips have been constructed to control pests employ veterinary hence improving the quality of cattle Boreholes dams have been constructed to provide water for the livestock Roads have constructed to enable the pastoralists to transport their animals to the market make services accessible to farmers It strengthens community education to teach pastoralists better livestock management The government encourages group ranching to enable the pastoralists to view livestock keeping as a commercial undertaking It has revived Kenya meat commission that buys animals from farmers to slaughter 7.


8mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 285 T-1MK Y AXIS-1MK X AXIS-1MK KEY-1MK BARS-EACH GROUP 2MKS ii State three advantages of comparative bar graph Any 3x1 3mks Easy to construct draw Easy to interprete read It gives good visual impression. B i Explain three factors that favour beef farming in Argentina 3x2mks Replacement of coarse grasses with alfalfa corn has improved the quality of pastures for the beef cattle Cross breeding of the traditional cattle with higher quality breeds Hereford Aberdeen Angus improved the quality of the yield The warm and wet maritime climate of the area makes grazing of cattle possible throughout the year Availability of water supplied using wind pumps ensures constant supply of water for cattle Availability of vast land pampas which was suitable for cattle grazing encourages beef ranching Availability of market both local external encourages the farmers to expand the beef industry Availability of refrigeration facilities enables beef to reach far off market while still fresh Well developed railway network which help in transporting beef cattle to factories Any 2x3 6mrks ii Name two exotic breeds of cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya. Any 2x1mrks Aberdeen Angus Hereford Galloway Charolais Shorthorn Sahiwalwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 286 c Explain three ways which the government of Kenya assists nomadic pastoralists to improve the quality of their livestock Any 6x1 6mks The government has set up demonstration ranches to educate the pastoralists on better ways of keeping livestock Cattle dips have been constructed to control pests employ veterinary hence improving the quality of cattle Boreholes dams have been constructed to provide water for the livestock Roads have constructed to enable the pastoralists to transport their animals to the market make services accessible to farmers It strengthens community education to teach pastoralists better livestock management The government encourages group ranching to enable the pastoralists to view livestock keeping as a commercial undertaking It has revived Kenya meat commission that buys animals from farmers to slaughter 7. A i Name three tree species found in the softwood forest of Canada.


B i Explain three factors that favour beef farming in Argentina 3x2mks Replacement of coarse grasses with alfalfa corn has improved the quality of pastures for the beef cattle Cross breeding of the traditional cattle with higher quality breeds Hereford Aberdeen Angus improved the quality of the yield The warm and wet maritime climate of the area makes grazing of cattle possible throughout the year Availability of water supplied using wind pumps ensures constant supply of water for cattle Availability of vast land pampas which was suitable for cattle grazing encourages beef ranching Availability of market both local external encourages the farmers to expand the beef industry Availability of refrigeration facilities enables beef to reach far off market while still fresh Well developed railway network which help in transporting beef cattle to factories Any 2x3 6mrks ii Name two exotic breeds of cattle reared in commercial ranches in Kenya. Any 2x1mrks Aberdeen Angus Hereford Galloway Charolais Shorthorn Sahiwalwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 286 c Explain three ways which the government of Kenya assists nomadic pastoralists to improve the quality of their livestock Any 6x1 6mks The government has set up demonstration ranches to educate the pastoralists on better ways of keeping livestock Cattle dips have been constructed to control pests employ veterinary hence improving the quality of cattle Boreholes dams have been constructed to provide water for the livestock Roads have constructed to enable the pastoralists to transport their animals to the market make services accessible to farmers It strengthens community education to teach pastoralists better livestock management The government encourages group ranching to enable the pastoralists to view livestock keeping as a commercial undertaking It has revived Kenya meat commission that buys animals from farmers to slaughter 7. A i Name three tree species found in the softwood forest of Canada. Any 3x1 3mks Western hemlock Birch Pine Cedar Spruce Douglas fir cypress ii State three physical factors that favor the growth of softwood forest in Canada Any 3x1 3mks high rainfall throughout the year has promoted the growth of forest the ruggedness of the landscape is unsuitable for agriculture leaving forestry as the best alternative thin soil is suitable for growth of softwood forest high altitude is suitable for growth of forest b state four the characteristics of softwood forest in Canada 4mks the trees are conical in shape the tree species occur in pure stands the tree grow tall and have straight trunks the tress have narrow needle like leaves the trees bear cones the trees have wide shallow roots the forest are evergreen the forest have no undergrowth the trees are flexible to resist strong winter wind c Give three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programs in Kenya forest Any 3x1 3mks to protect water catchment areas which are sources of rivers that provide water for irrigation HEP generation trees roots soil particles together thus protect it from erosion by wind water to create scenic beauty which attract tourists thus earn foreign exchange used to develop other sectors of economy to expand the habitat for wildlife thus conserving its future generation to provide continuous supply of wood fuel to provide foreign exchange by reducing importation of forest products to provide continuous supply of raw material for paper makingwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 287 d State the differences between softwood forest in Canada and Kenya under the following subheadings i The tree species 2mks Canada has exotic tree species while kenya has both exotic and indigenous ii Mode of transport of logs In Canada logs are transported using roads, railways and waterways while in kenya majorly by roads and railways.


Any 2x1mrks Aberdeen Angus Hereford Galloway Charolais Shorthorn Sahiwalwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 286 c Explain three ways which the government of Kenya assists nomadic pastoralists to improve the quality of their livestock Any 6x1 6mks The government has set up demonstration ranches to educate the pastoralists on better ways of keeping livestock Cattle dips have been constructed to control pests employ veterinary hence improving the quality of cattle Boreholes dams have been constructed to provide water for the livestock Roads have constructed to enable the pastoralists to transport their animals to the market make services accessible to farmers It strengthens community education to teach pastoralists better livestock management The government encourages group ranching to enable the pastoralists to view livestock keeping as a commercial undertaking It has revived Kenya meat commission that buys animals from farmers to slaughter 7. A i Name three tree species found in the softwood forest of Canada. Any 3x1 3mks Western hemlock Birch Pine Cedar Spruce Douglas fir cypress ii State three physical factors that favor the growth of softwood forest in Canada Any 3x1 3mks high rainfall throughout the year has promoted the growth of forest the ruggedness of the landscape is unsuitable for agriculture leaving forestry as the best alternative thin soil is suitable for growth of softwood forest high altitude is suitable for growth of forest b state four the characteristics of softwood forest in Canada 4mks the trees are conical in shape the tree species occur in pure stands the tree grow tall and have straight trunks the tress have narrow needle like leaves the trees bear cones the trees have wide shallow roots the forest are evergreen the forest have no undergrowth the trees are flexible to resist strong winter wind c Give three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programs in Kenya forest Any 3x1 3mks to protect water catchment areas which are sources of rivers that provide water for irrigation HEP generation trees roots soil particles together thus protect it from erosion by wind water to create scenic beauty which attract tourists thus earn foreign exchange used to develop other sectors of economy to expand the habitat for wildlife thus conserving its future generation to provide continuous supply of wood fuel to provide foreign exchange by reducing importation of forest products to provide continuous supply of raw material for paper makingwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 287 d State the differences between softwood forest in Canada and Kenya under the following subheadings i The tree species 2mks Canada has exotic tree species while kenya has both exotic and indigenous ii Mode of transport of logs In Canada logs are transported using roads, railways and waterways while in kenya majorly by roads and railways. Iii Harvesting In Canada harvesting is done through clear cutting while kenya there is selective harvesting of trees e Explain three significances of forests in kenya to human activities.


A i Name three tree species found in the softwood forest of Canada. Any 3x1 3mks Western hemlock Birch Pine Cedar Spruce Douglas fir cypress ii State three physical factors that favor the growth of softwood forest in Canada Any 3x1 3mks high rainfall throughout the year has promoted the growth of forest the ruggedness of the landscape is unsuitable for agriculture leaving forestry as the best alternative thin soil is suitable for growth of softwood forest high altitude is suitable for growth of forest b state four the characteristics of softwood forest in Canada 4mks the trees are conical in shape the tree species occur in pure stands the tree grow tall and have straight trunks the tress have narrow needle like leaves the trees bear cones the trees have wide shallow roots the forest are evergreen the forest have no undergrowth the trees are flexible to resist strong winter wind c Give three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programs in Kenya forest Any 3x1 3mks to protect water catchment areas which are sources of rivers that provide water for irrigation HEP generation trees roots soil particles together thus protect it from erosion by wind water to create scenic beauty which attract tourists thus earn foreign exchange used to develop other sectors of economy to expand the habitat for wildlife thus conserving its future generation to provide continuous supply of wood fuel to provide foreign exchange by reducing importation of forest products to provide continuous supply of raw material for paper makingwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 287 d State the differences between softwood forest in Canada and Kenya under the following subheadings i The tree species 2mks Canada has exotic tree species while kenya has both exotic and indigenous ii Mode of transport of logs In Canada logs are transported using roads, railways and waterways while in kenya majorly by roads and railways. Iii Harvesting In Canada harvesting is done through clear cutting while kenya there is selective harvesting of trees e Explain three significances of forests in kenya to human activities. 6mrks Tree provide timber products which can be used in buildind and construction. Some trees acts are extracted to make herbal medicine.


Iii Harvesting In Canada harvesting is done through clear cutting while kenya there is selective harvesting of trees e Explain three significances of forests in kenya to human activities. 6mrks Tree provide timber products which can be used in buildind and construction. Some trees acts are extracted to make herbal medicine. Some trees are sources of food eg. Fruits Forests act as a habitat of wild animals which attract tourist bringing foreign exchange. 8. A State three physical conditions that favour sugar cane growing in the lake Victoria basin in Kenya. 3x1mks High temperatures 21 c-27 C High and well distributed rainfall 1200-1500mm annually . Dry and sunny weather during harvesting to increase sugar accumulation in the cane. Deep well drained soils. Undulating gently sloping land for machinery to be used and for easier transportation of cane to factories. B Describe the cultivation of sugarcane in Kenya. 6x1mks Shallow furrows are made across the field at intervals of 1.2m-1.8m apart. Pieces of sugarcane cuttings are laid horizontally in the furrows. They are covered lightly with the soil which they grow a cluster of shoots called stool. Nitrogenous fertilizer is applied when plants are growing at a high rate. Weeding is done when the crop is fairly short. After about 14 months the cane is ready for harvesting. After harvesting two ratoons the stools are dug out, land tilled and new sets are planted. C Explain five problems facing sugarcane farming in Kenya. 5x2mks Pests e.g. termites which attack setts lowering the farmers yield. Diseases e.g. sugarcane mosaic which causes the crop to become stunted with leaves becoming yellow. Mismanagement of some sugar factories resulting in their closure and subsequent loss of income and jobs. Inability of some factories to cope with supply of cane from out-growers due to low production capacity and outdated technology. Local sugar industry faces competition from cheap imported sugar from COMESA countries. Strikes by cane farmers and transporters due to inadequate pay resulting in drop in output. Frequent fires which destroy many hectares of cane annually. Your class visited a sugar factory for a field study on sugar processing.


Strikes by cane farmers and transporters due to inadequate pay resulting in drop in output. Frequent fires which destroy many hectares of cane annually. Your class visited a sugar factory for a field study on sugar processing. I Outline four stages if sugar processing that the class may have observed. 4x1mks Washing Cutting into small pieces Crushing and squeezing the juice Suspension and precipitation of non-sugars Boiling of the juice crystallizationwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 288 ii Name two by-products of sugar that the class may have identified during the study. Any2x1 2mrks Molasses is used as a sweetener for livestock feeds. Bagasse or fibre left after squeezing the juice is used as fuel for boilers, for preparing pulp for making paper used for making cement and fertilizer bags and as fodder or manure. Filter cake resulting from filtration process is used as manure for cane 9. A i What is wildlife? Any 2x1 2mks Are the animals fauna and plants flora existing in their natural habitat ii Give three factors that favor the establishment of national park at Tsavo Any 3x1 3mks Availability of large tracts of land sparsely populated land Availability of wide variety of vegetation which provides food for wild animals The harsh climatic conditions that discourage farming settlement thus wildlife conservation is the best alternative land use The vegetation found in Tsavo are provides habitat for wild animals Mzima springs river Tsavo and voi provides drinking water for animals iii sandy beaches the great riftvalley the flamingos b Explain four factors that hinder the development of domestic tourism in Kenya Any 4x2 8mks The roads leading to the tourist site are poorly maintained.


Filter cake resulting from filtration process is used as manure for cane 9. A i What is wildlife? Any 2x1 2mks Are the animals fauna and plants flora existing in their natural habitat ii Give three factors that favor the establishment of national park at Tsavo Any 3x1 3mks Availability of large tracts of land sparsely populated land Availability of wide variety of vegetation which provides food for wild animals The harsh climatic conditions that discourage farming settlement thus wildlife conservation is the best alternative land use The vegetation found in Tsavo are provides habitat for wild animals Mzima springs river Tsavo and voi provides drinking water for animals iii sandy beaches the great riftvalley the flamingos b Explain four factors that hinder the development of domestic tourism in Kenya Any 4x2 8mks The roads leading to the tourist site are poorly maintained. This discourages people from visiting such sites There is low public awareness of tourist sites due to inadequate publicity Tourists attractions are familiar to local people hence they fail to appreciate their beauty and value Negative attitude towards local tourism limits the number of people who engage in tourism Insecurity from gangsters in the national parks game reserves scare people away from visiting them The high accommodation in the game lodges discourages local tourism 2marks each c State four problems associated with tourism industry in Kenya Any 4x1 4mks Tourism have led to increase in drug abuse A number of youths especially at the coast dropped out of school to become tour guides beach boys curio sellers Tourism has led to the spread of diseases such STIs Tourism has led to pollution of environment national parks game reserves Other emphasis on tourism has led to the neglect of other sectors of the economy It has to increase in crime insecurity It has encouraged poaching illegal collection of marine resources It has led to international terrorism piracy Erosion of social value culture d Explain four benefits of tourism in the economy of Kenya Any 4x2 8mks It provides employment opportunities in hotels, transport sectors thus reducing unemployment raising the standard of living Kenya earn foreign exchange which is used to develop other economic sectors The need for food in tourist hotels and lodges has stimulated the growth of agricultural sector Tourists provide a ready market for trade items such as handicrafts and curio thus earn Kenyans a direct income Construction of roads to tourist sites also benefits the local people in transport their products to the market general development of the country Establishment of National parks has enabled Kenyan to protect preserve its rich cultural heritage Tourism encourages cultural exchange which provides international co-operationwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 289 10.


A i What is wildlife? Any 2x1 2mks Are the animals fauna and plants flora existing in their natural habitat ii Give three factors that favor the establishment of national park at Tsavo Any 3x1 3mks Availability of large tracts of land sparsely populated land Availability of wide variety of vegetation which provides food for wild animals The harsh climatic conditions that discourage farming settlement thus wildlife conservation is the best alternative land use The vegetation found in Tsavo are provides habitat for wild animals Mzima springs river Tsavo and voi provides drinking water for animals iii sandy beaches the great riftvalley the flamingos b Explain four factors that hinder the development of domestic tourism in Kenya Any 4x2 8mks The roads leading to the tourist site are poorly maintained. This discourages people from visiting such sites There is low public awareness of tourist sites due to inadequate publicity Tourists attractions are familiar to local people hence they fail to appreciate their beauty and value Negative attitude towards local tourism limits the number of people who engage in tourism Insecurity from gangsters in the national parks game reserves scare people away from visiting them The high accommodation in the game lodges discourages local tourism 2marks each c State four problems associated with tourism industry in Kenya Any 4x1 4mks Tourism have led to increase in drug abuse A number of youths especially at the coast dropped out of school to become tour guides beach boys curio sellers Tourism has led to the spread of diseases such STIs Tourism has led to pollution of environment national parks game reserves Other emphasis on tourism has led to the neglect of other sectors of the economy It has to increase in crime insecurity It has encouraged poaching illegal collection of marine resources It has led to international terrorism piracy Erosion of social value culture d Explain four benefits of tourism in the economy of Kenya Any 4x2 8mks It provides employment opportunities in hotels, transport sectors thus reducing unemployment raising the standard of living Kenya earn foreign exchange which is used to develop other economic sectors The need for food in tourist hotels and lodges has stimulated the growth of agricultural sector Tourists provide a ready market for trade items such as handicrafts and curio thus earn Kenyans a direct income Construction of roads to tourist sites also benefits the local people in transport their products to the market general development of the country Establishment of National parks has enabled Kenyan to protect preserve its rich cultural heritage Tourism encourages cultural exchange which provides international co-operationwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 289 10. A i Name TWO types of fishing.


Any 2x1 2mks Are the animals fauna and plants flora existing in their natural habitat ii Give three factors that favor the establishment of national park at Tsavo Any 3x1 3mks Availability of large tracts of land sparsely populated land Availability of wide variety of vegetation which provides food for wild animals The harsh climatic conditions that discourage farming settlement thus wildlife conservation is the best alternative land use The vegetation found in Tsavo are provides habitat for wild animals Mzima springs river Tsavo and voi provides drinking water for animals iii sandy beaches the great riftvalley the flamingos b Explain four factors that hinder the development of domestic tourism in Kenya Any 4x2 8mks The roads leading to the tourist site are poorly maintained. This discourages people from visiting such sites There is low public awareness of tourist sites due to inadequate publicity Tourists attractions are familiar to local people hence they fail to appreciate their beauty and value Negative attitude towards local tourism limits the number of people who engage in tourism Insecurity from gangsters in the national parks game reserves scare people away from visiting them The high accommodation in the game lodges discourages local tourism 2marks each c State four problems associated with tourism industry in Kenya Any 4x1 4mks Tourism have led to increase in drug abuse A number of youths especially at the coast dropped out of school to become tour guides beach boys curio sellers Tourism has led to the spread of diseases such STIs Tourism has led to pollution of environment national parks game reserves Other emphasis on tourism has led to the neglect of other sectors of the economy It has to increase in crime insecurity It has encouraged poaching illegal collection of marine resources It has led to international terrorism piracy Erosion of social value culture d Explain four benefits of tourism in the economy of Kenya Any 4x2 8mks It provides employment opportunities in hotels, transport sectors thus reducing unemployment raising the standard of living Kenya earn foreign exchange which is used to develop other economic sectors The need for food in tourist hotels and lodges has stimulated the growth of agricultural sector Tourists provide a ready market for trade items such as handicrafts and curio thus earn Kenyans a direct income Construction of roads to tourist sites also benefits the local people in transport their products to the market general development of the country Establishment of National parks has enabled Kenyan to protect preserve its rich cultural heritage Tourism encourages cultural exchange which provides international co-operationwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 289 10. A i Name TWO types of fishing. 2mks Pelagic Demersal Fresh water Inshore ii State THREE reasons why marine fisheries are under developed in Kenya.


This discourages people from visiting such sites There is low public awareness of tourist sites due to inadequate publicity Tourists attractions are familiar to local people hence they fail to appreciate their beauty and value Negative attitude towards local tourism limits the number of people who engage in tourism Insecurity from gangsters in the national parks game reserves scare people away from visiting them The high accommodation in the game lodges discourages local tourism 2marks each c State four problems associated with tourism industry in Kenya Any 4x1 4mks Tourism have led to increase in drug abuse A number of youths especially at the coast dropped out of school to become tour guides beach boys curio sellers Tourism has led to the spread of diseases such STIs Tourism has led to pollution of environment national parks game reserves Other emphasis on tourism has led to the neglect of other sectors of the economy It has to increase in crime insecurity It has encouraged poaching illegal collection of marine resources It has led to international terrorism piracy Erosion of social value culture d Explain four benefits of tourism in the economy of Kenya Any 4x2 8mks It provides employment opportunities in hotels, transport sectors thus reducing unemployment raising the standard of living Kenya earn foreign exchange which is used to develop other economic sectors The need for food in tourist hotels and lodges has stimulated the growth of agricultural sector Tourists provide a ready market for trade items such as handicrafts and curio thus earn Kenyans a direct income Construction of roads to tourist sites also benefits the local people in transport their products to the market general development of the country Establishment of National parks has enabled Kenyan to protect preserve its rich cultural heritage Tourism encourages cultural exchange which provides international co-operationwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 289 10. A i Name TWO types of fishing. 2mks Pelagic Demersal Fresh water Inshore ii State THREE reasons why marine fisheries are under developed in Kenya. 3 mks The continental shelf is narrow The coastline is fairly straight and lies few indentations The waters are relatively warm for the growth of plantations The fishermen have inadequate capital to purchase modern fishing equipment Fishermen have inadequate skills.


A i Name TWO types of fishing. 2mks Pelagic Demersal Fresh water Inshore ii State THREE reasons why marine fisheries are under developed in Kenya. 3 mks The continental shelf is narrow The coastline is fairly straight and lies few indentations The waters are relatively warm for the growth of plantations The fishermen have inadequate capital to purchase modern fishing equipment Fishermen have inadequate skills. There is low demand for marine fish locally There is limited market due to competitors from the developed countries. Iii Identify FOUR solutions to the problems facing the fishing industry in Kenya. 4 mks The government should encourage the development of cooperatives to enable the fishermen to market t their fish Roads leading to the freshwater lake should be developed trouble to enable fish to reach the market fast. The government and local financial institutions should make funds available for fishermen through offering loans to assist them purchase fishing equipment Legislation against dumping should be enforced so that pollution of fisheries can be reduced treatment of industrial effluents before releasing them into the rivers and lakes Licensing of fishermen by the government can assist in monitoring the number of fishermen hence reducing overfishing. B i Give TWO modern methods of fish preservation. 2 mks Canning Refrigeration ii Describe the basket method of fishing. 5 mks The basket is funnel shaped to allow entry for fish The basket is lowered in water with the mouth facing downstream in a river in a lake the basket is placed facing any direction At the mouth of the basket there is a valve which restricts the outward movement or escape of fish once inside the basket The basket is held in place by rope stones sticks to prevent it from being swept downstream It is left in the water for some time after which the fish are removed. At the mouth of the basket there is a valve which restricts the outward movement or escape of fish once inside the basket The basket is held in place by rope stones sticks to prevent it from being swept downstream It is left in the water for some time after which the fish are removed. C i Name THREE counties in the North West Atlantic fishing ground.


5 mks The basket is funnel shaped to allow entry for fish The basket is lowered in water with the mouth facing downstream in a river in a lake the basket is placed facing any direction At the mouth of the basket there is a valve which restricts the outward movement or escape of fish once inside the basket The basket is held in place by rope stones sticks to prevent it from being swept downstream It is left in the water for some time after which the fish are removed. At the mouth of the basket there is a valve which restricts the outward movement or escape of fish once inside the basket The basket is held in place by rope stones sticks to prevent it from being swept downstream It is left in the water for some time after which the fish are removed. C i Name THREE counties in the North West Atlantic fishing ground. 3 mks Mexico USA Canada ii Compare fishing in Kenya and Japan under the following subheadings: Continental shelf 2 mks Kenya has a deep narrow continental shelf discouraging the growth of planktons while Japan has broad shallow and extensive continental shelf favoring the growth of planktons Coastline 2 mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 290 Kenya has an almost straight regular coastline discouraging the breeding of fish while Japan has an irregular indented coastline encouraging the breeding of fish. Ocean currents 2 mks Kenya experiences warm waters because of the warm Mozambique current thereby discouraging the survival of fish while Japan experiences cool waters caused by the meeting of cold Oya Siwo and warm Kuro Siwo currents that is ideal for the survival of fish. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 1 CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO EXAM-2023 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 SECTION A 1. A What is geography 2marks b Give two types of environment 2marks 2. The diagram below represents the structure of the earth. Use it to answer the questions. A Name: i the part marked P and R 2marks ii three features that makes up part marked Q 3marks 3. A Differentiate between folding and faulting 2marks b Name three relief features formed as a result of folding 3marks 4.


Use it to answer the questions. A Name: i the part marked P and R 2marks ii three features that makes up part marked Q 3marks 3. A Differentiate between folding and faulting 2marks b Name three relief features formed as a result of folding 3marks 4. A Apart from physical weathering, give two other types of weathering 2marks b List four physical weathering processes that takes place in Arid areas 4marks 5. A What is drainage pattern 2marks b Give three types of drainage system 3marks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section 6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 sheet 116 2 provided and answer the questions a i What type of map is Kisumu East map extract?


State two items you would include in the schedule 2marks iii Give two methods of data collection you will use while in field 2marks 8 a what is lava 2marks b The diagram below shows some intrusive volcanic features i Name the features marked X, Y and Z 3marks ii Describe how the following features are formed Sill 4marks Lopolith 4marks c Describe the composition of composite volcano 4marks d Explain four ways in which volcanic features influence human activity 8marks 9 a i Define an ocean 2marks ii State three types of seas 3marks b i Give three characteristics of the continental shelf 3marks ii Describe the following processes of wave erosion along the coast Abrasion 2marks Hydraulic action 2marks Solution 2marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 3 c The diagram below shows a breaking sea wave; use it to answer the questions below i Name the features marked H, J, K 3marks ii With the aid of well labeled diagrams describe the process through which a stack is formed 8marks 10 a what is soil 2marks b i List three components of soil 3marks ii Explain how the following factors influence soil formation Parent rock 4marks Topography 4marks c Draw a well labeled diagram of mature soil profile 4marks d Explain four ways in which human activities may lead to soil erosion 8marks CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO EXAM-2023 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 SECTION A 25mks Answer all questions in this section 1 a . Differentiate between forestry and agro forestry 2mks b State three significance of forest products to Kenya 3mks 2 a . Give two ways in which fertility influence population 2mks b State three consequences of high population growth rate 3mks 3 The sketch map below shows the Great Lakes and ST. Lawrence Seaway.


Differentiate between forestry and agro forestry 2mks b State three significance of forest products to Kenya 3mks 2 a . Give two ways in which fertility influence population 2mks b State three consequences of high population growth rate 3mks 3 The sketch map below shows the Great Lakes and ST. Lawrence Seaway. Use it to answer question awww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 4 a Name; i The lake marked J 1mk ii The river marked K 1mk iii the port marked L and M 2mks b Give two reasons why it is difficult to transport goods from Mombasa to Lagos by road 2mks 4 a . What is geothermal power? 2mks b Name two areas in Kenya which is potential for producing geothermal power 2mks 5 a Give two causes of floods 2mks b State three measures which can be undertaken to reduce the destruction caused by floods 3mks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section 6. The table below shows the value in terms of billions US Dollars of Kenya s Import and Export between the year 2003 and 2008. Use it to answer the questions bellow Years Value in Billion US Dollars 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Imports 3.00 3.70 4.10 5.10 6.60 8.54 Exports 2.10 2.50 2.58 3.17 3.60 4.10 TOTAL 31.04 18.05 Value of Kenya s Import and Export a .


2mks b Name two areas in Kenya which is potential for producing geothermal power 2mks 5 a Give two causes of floods 2mks b State three measures which can be undertaken to reduce the destruction caused by floods 3mks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section 6. The table below shows the value in terms of billions US Dollars of Kenya s Import and Export between the year 2003 and 2008. Use it to answer the questions bellow Years Value in Billion US Dollars 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Imports 3.00 3.70 4.10 5.10 6.60 8.54 Exports 2.10 2.50 2.58 3.17 3.60 4.10 TOTAL 31.04 18.05 Value of Kenya s Import and Export a . I Calculate the balance of payment in the year 2008 2mks ii Using a scale of 1cm to represent 0.5 billion, draw a simple comparative bar graph on the data above from the year 2005 to 2008 8mks iii A part from comparative bar graph, name two other methods that can be used to represent the above data 2mks iv State two reasons why Kenya s export is generally low 2mks b i List three major imports to Kenya from Japan 3mks ii Explain four measures the Kenyan government is taking to reduce the unfavorable balance of trade 8mks 7.


The table below shows the value in terms of billions US Dollars of Kenya s Import and Export between the year 2003 and 2008. Use it to answer the questions bellow Years Value in Billion US Dollars 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Imports 3.00 3.70 4.10 5.10 6.60 8.54 Exports 2.10 2.50 2.58 3.17 3.60 4.10 TOTAL 31.04 18.05 Value of Kenya s Import and Export a . I Calculate the balance of payment in the year 2008 2mks ii Using a scale of 1cm to represent 0.5 billion, draw a simple comparative bar graph on the data above from the year 2005 to 2008 8mks iii A part from comparative bar graph, name two other methods that can be used to represent the above data 2mks iv State two reasons why Kenya s export is generally low 2mks b i List three major imports to Kenya from Japan 3mks ii Explain four measures the Kenyan government is taking to reduce the unfavorable balance of trade 8mks 7. A i State four characteristics of nomadic pastoralism 4mks ii Name three beef cattle breeds kept in Kenya 3mks b Compare beef farming in Kenya and Argentina 8mks c Explain three problems facing beef farming in Kenya 6mks d State four measures that the government of Kenya has taken to improve beef farming 4mks 8 a Distinguish between an urban settlement and rural settlement 2mks b State two factors which influence the development of each the following patterns of settlement 2mks i Dispersed settlement pattern 2mks ii Linear settlement pattern 2mks c Explain four factors that influenced the location of Mombasa town 8mks d i Outline four ways in which the port of Mombasa and Rotterdam differ 8mks ii State three benefits of urbanization 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 5 9 a i What is domestic tourism 2mks ii Explain four factors which are hindering domestic tourism in Kenya 8mks b State five reasons why domestic tourism should be encouraged in Kenya 5mks c Explain three factors which have made Switzerland a major tourist destination in Europe 6mks d State four problems associated with tourism in Kenya 4mks 10.


Use it to answer the questions bellow Years Value in Billion US Dollars 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Imports 3.00 3.70 4.10 5.10 6.60 8.54 Exports 2.10 2.50 2.58 3.17 3.60 4.10 TOTAL 31.04 18.05 Value of Kenya s Import and Export a . I Calculate the balance of payment in the year 2008 2mks ii Using a scale of 1cm to represent 0.5 billion, draw a simple comparative bar graph on the data above from the year 2005 to 2008 8mks iii A part from comparative bar graph, name two other methods that can be used to represent the above data 2mks iv State two reasons why Kenya s export is generally low 2mks b i List three major imports to Kenya from Japan 3mks ii Explain four measures the Kenyan government is taking to reduce the unfavorable balance of trade 8mks 7. A i State four characteristics of nomadic pastoralism 4mks ii Name three beef cattle breeds kept in Kenya 3mks b Compare beef farming in Kenya and Argentina 8mks c Explain three problems facing beef farming in Kenya 6mks d State four measures that the government of Kenya has taken to improve beef farming 4mks 8 a Distinguish between an urban settlement and rural settlement 2mks b State two factors which influence the development of each the following patterns of settlement 2mks i Dispersed settlement pattern 2mks ii Linear settlement pattern 2mks c Explain four factors that influenced the location of Mombasa town 8mks d i Outline four ways in which the port of Mombasa and Rotterdam differ 8mks ii State three benefits of urbanization 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 5 9 a i What is domestic tourism 2mks ii Explain four factors which are hindering domestic tourism in Kenya 8mks b State five reasons why domestic tourism should be encouraged in Kenya 5mks c Explain three factors which have made Switzerland a major tourist destination in Europe 6mks d State four problems associated with tourism in Kenya 4mks 10. The map below shows some location of some minerals in East Africa a Name the minerals mined in the area marked J, K and L.


I Calculate the balance of payment in the year 2008 2mks ii Using a scale of 1cm to represent 0.5 billion, draw a simple comparative bar graph on the data above from the year 2005 to 2008 8mks iii A part from comparative bar graph, name two other methods that can be used to represent the above data 2mks iv State two reasons why Kenya s export is generally low 2mks b i List three major imports to Kenya from Japan 3mks ii Explain four measures the Kenyan government is taking to reduce the unfavorable balance of trade 8mks 7. A i State four characteristics of nomadic pastoralism 4mks ii Name three beef cattle breeds kept in Kenya 3mks b Compare beef farming in Kenya and Argentina 8mks c Explain three problems facing beef farming in Kenya 6mks d State four measures that the government of Kenya has taken to improve beef farming 4mks 8 a Distinguish between an urban settlement and rural settlement 2mks b State two factors which influence the development of each the following patterns of settlement 2mks i Dispersed settlement pattern 2mks ii Linear settlement pattern 2mks c Explain four factors that influenced the location of Mombasa town 8mks d i Outline four ways in which the port of Mombasa and Rotterdam differ 8mks ii State three benefits of urbanization 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 5 9 a i What is domestic tourism 2mks ii Explain four factors which are hindering domestic tourism in Kenya 8mks b State five reasons why domestic tourism should be encouraged in Kenya 5mks c Explain three factors which have made Switzerland a major tourist destination in Europe 6mks d State four problems associated with tourism in Kenya 4mks 10. The map below shows some location of some minerals in East Africa a Name the minerals mined in the area marked J, K and L. 3mks b i Identify two provinces where gold is mined in South Africa 2mks ii Describe the processing of gold from the time the ore is lifted to the surface 5mks c Explain four contribution of gold to South Africa 8mks d State three problems of diamond mining in South Africa 3mks e Explain two effects of mining on the environment 4mks CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO EXAM-2023 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME 1.


A i State four characteristics of nomadic pastoralism 4mks ii Name three beef cattle breeds kept in Kenya 3mks b Compare beef farming in Kenya and Argentina 8mks c Explain three problems facing beef farming in Kenya 6mks d State four measures that the government of Kenya has taken to improve beef farming 4mks 8 a Distinguish between an urban settlement and rural settlement 2mks b State two factors which influence the development of each the following patterns of settlement 2mks i Dispersed settlement pattern 2mks ii Linear settlement pattern 2mks c Explain four factors that influenced the location of Mombasa town 8mks d i Outline four ways in which the port of Mombasa and Rotterdam differ 8mks ii State three benefits of urbanization 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 5 9 a i What is domestic tourism 2mks ii Explain four factors which are hindering domestic tourism in Kenya 8mks b State five reasons why domestic tourism should be encouraged in Kenya 5mks c Explain three factors which have made Switzerland a major tourist destination in Europe 6mks d State four problems associated with tourism in Kenya 4mks 10. The map below shows some location of some minerals in East Africa a Name the minerals mined in the area marked J, K and L. 3mks b i Identify two provinces where gold is mined in South Africa 2mks ii Describe the processing of gold from the time the ore is lifted to the surface 5mks c Explain four contribution of gold to South Africa 8mks d State three problems of diamond mining in South Africa 3mks e Explain two effects of mining on the environment 4mks CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO EXAM-2023 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME 1. A What is geography It s the descriptive study of the distribution and inter-relationship of natural and human features phenomena on the earth surface the study of the earth as home of mankind.


The map below shows some location of some minerals in East Africa a Name the minerals mined in the area marked J, K and L. 3mks b i Identify two provinces where gold is mined in South Africa 2mks ii Describe the processing of gold from the time the ore is lifted to the surface 5mks c Explain four contribution of gold to South Africa 8mks d State three problems of diamond mining in South Africa 3mks e Explain two effects of mining on the environment 4mks CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO EXAM-2023 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME 1. A What is geography It s the descriptive study of the distribution and inter-relationship of natural and human features phenomena on the earth surface the study of the earth as home of mankind. 1 2 2marks b Give two types of environment physical environment human man made environment 2 1 2marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 19 EASTERN CLUSTER EXAMINATION 2023 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 JULY AUGUST 2023 SECTION A: Answer all questions in this section 1. A The diagram below shows the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer the question below. Name the parts marked X and Y. 2 marks b State two characteristics of the troposphere. 2 marks 2. A Identify two scales used to measure the intensity of an earthquake. 2 marks b Give three major earthquake zones of the world. 3 marks 3.. The diagram below shows different vegetation zones in tropical lands a. i. Name the type of vegetation marked B, C and D 3marks ii. Account for the poor vegetation coverage at part E. 2 marks 4. A Differentiate between river rejuvenation and river capture. 2 marks b Highlight any three conditions necessary for river capture to occur. 3 marks 5.


A Differentiate between river rejuvenation and river capture. 2 marks b Highlight any three conditions necessary for river capture to occur. 3 marks 5. The diagram below shows the water zones in the earth s surface Heaviest rainfall at 1500 to 3500m Windwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 20 i Name the water zones labeled A, B and C. 3 marks ii Outline any three factors that influence the existence of underground water. 3 marks SECTION B:Answer question six 6 and any other two questions from this section. 6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50000 sheet 116 2 provided and answer the questions that follow. A i Identify two scales that have been used in the map. 2 marks ii Calculate the bearing of the trigonometrical Station SKP 21 in grid square 0383 from Air Photo Principal Point 73 in grid square 0286. 2marks iii Give the six figure grid reference of Bonjoge school in Nyando escarpment. 2marks b Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map 6 marks c i Using a vertical scale of 1cm represents 20 metres draw a cross section along northing 98 from easting 95 to easting 01. 4marks i On it mark and name the following: - Regional boundary 1mark - River 1mark - Road 1mark ii Calculate the vertical exaggeration V.E of the section 2marks d Citing evidence from the map give four social functions of Kisumu Town 4marks 7. A i Differentiate between rocks and minerals. 2 marks ii Give three ways in which rocks can be classified. 3 marks b i Name one example at each of the following types of sedimentary rocks. Chlorides. 1 mark Arenaceous. 1 mark Carbonaceous. 1 mark ii Describe how sedimentary rocks are formed through physical processes. 4 marks c i State three changes that occur in rocks during metamorphism.


1 mark Carbonaceous. 1 mark ii Describe how sedimentary rocks are formed through physical processes. 4 marks c i State three changes that occur in rocks during metamorphism. 3 marks ii Give two reasons why sedimentary rocks are dominant along the Kenyan Coasts. 2 marks d Students from Ngariama secondary School carried a field study on rocks in their county. I State three reasons why it would be necessary for them to conduct a reconnaissance to the study area. 3 marks ii Give two methods they used to record data. 2 marks iii State three importance of rocks they identified. 3 marks 8. A i Differentiate between faulting and folding. 2 marks ii Name two types of folds. 2 marks b i Listthree theories that explain the formation of Fold Mountains. 3 marks ii With the aid of labelled diagrams describe the formation of an overthrust fold. 6 marks c Students from Kirinyaga School intends to conduct a field study on land forms around their school. I State two objectives of their study. 2 marks iii List any two methods they would use to present their data. 2 marks iii Give two follow up activities they would be engaged in. 2mks d Explain three significance of Fold Mountains to man. 6 marks 9. A i Give two causes of horizontal movement of ocean waters. 2mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 21 ii The diagram below shows parts of a wave. Name the parts marked W, X and Y 3 marks b i Name three types of submergent coasts. 3 marks ii Explain the three processes involved in marine erosion 6 marks c Using well labeled diagrams, explain how the following coastal features are formed. Stacks 4 marks Beaches 4 marks d State three ways which Kenya benefits from her coastal features. 3 marks 10.


3 marks ii Explain the three processes involved in marine erosion 6 marks c Using well labeled diagrams, explain how the following coastal features are formed. Stacks 4 marks Beaches 4 marks d State three ways which Kenya benefits from her coastal features. 3 marks 10. A i State four constituents of soil 4 marks ii Distinguish between illuviation and elluviation 1 mark iii Identify the three soil orders 3 marks b i Draw a well labelled diagram of a mature soil profile 5 marks ii Explain how the following factors influence soil formation Nature of the parent rock 4 marks Time 3 marks c You intend to carry out a field study on soils around the school. I Identify two natural causes of soil degeneration you observed 2 marks ii Formulate three objectives of your study. 3 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 22 EASTERN CLUSTER EXAMINATION 2023 312 2 GEOGRAPHY JULY AUGUST 2023 SECTION A: QUESTION 1-5 1. A Give two by-products obtained from sugarcane. 2mks b State three problems facing sugarcane farming in Kenya. 3mks 2. A What is land rehabilitation? 2mks b Give three physical factors that favours irrigation farming in Mwea irrigation scheme. 3mks 3. A Differentiate between Transport and Communication. 2mks b State the causes of the decline in the use of letter writing as a means of communication in Kenya. 3mks 4. A Outline three functional zones of an ideal urban centre. 3mks b What two benefits would there be if more commuters in urban centres in Kenya used public transport. 2mks 5. A Name two areas in Kenya along the Rift valley that are prone to lightning. 2mks b Give three problems caused by lightning. 3mks SECTION B. Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section 6.


2mks b Give three problems caused by lightning. 3mks SECTION B. Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section 6. The table below shows the number of visitors in 000 to selected national parks in Kenya for the years 2011-2013.Use it to answer the questions that follow. National parks 2011 2012 2013 Nairobi 150 155 158 Amboseli 202 210 212 Tsavo 354 372 375 L.Nakuru 320 325 328 Masai mara 250 255 260 Sibiloi 120 133 135 TOTALS a i What is the difference in the number of visitors who visited the parks in 2012 and 2013. 2mks ii Calculate the percentage increase in the number of visitors between the year 2011 and 2012. 6mks b i Draw a divided rectangle 15 cm long to represent the number of visitors in selected national Parks in Kenya in 2011. Show your calculations. 10mks ii State three advantages of using divided rectangle to represent geographical data. 3mks c Give four reasons why there is an increase in the number of visitors visiting various national parks in Kenya from year 2011 to 2013. 4mks 7. A Identify three factors that influence the occurrence of minerals. 3mks b i Apart from open cast ,name two other mining methods. 2mks ii Explain three ways in which open cast mining method affects the environment. 6mks c i Name three oil exporting countries in the Middle East. 3mks ii Give three factors that may have influence the extraction of petroleum in Kenya. 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 23 d Explain four ways in which petroleum mining in Kenya will promote the economy of the Country. 8mks 8. A i Differentiate between forest and forestry. 2mks ii Give four reasons why agro-forestry is being encouraged in Kenya. 4mks b Use the map of Kenya below to answer the following questions.


A i Differentiate between forest and forestry. 2mks ii Give four reasons why agro-forestry is being encouraged in Kenya. 4mks b Use the map of Kenya below to answer the following questions. B Name the forest reserves marked H, J and K. 3mks c Give four differences between softwood forests in Kenya and Canada. 8mks d Explain four measures being taken by the government of Kenya to control human encroachment on forested areas. 8mks 9. A i Name two indigenous species of cattle reared by Nomadic pastoralists in Kenya. 2mks ii Give four challenges facing nomadic pastoralism in Kenya. 4mks b State five features of Nomadic pastoralism in Kenya. 5mks c Outline three similarities of commercial beef cattle farming in Kenya and Argentina. 3mks d Explain four measures taken by the government of Kenya to improve beef cattle farming. 8mks 10. A Identify two types of internal trade. 2mks b Give three factors that limit trade among the member states of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa COMESA . 3mks c Explain four measures which Kenya may Take to reduce the unfavourable balance of trade. 8mks d Some students carried out a field study on trade in the nearby town. I State two methods they will use to collect data. 2mks ii Outline three factors they will consider as they prepare working schedule. 3mks iii Give three activities they will undertake while in the field. 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 41 GATUNDU SOUTH SUB - COUNTY FORM FOUR JOINT EVALUATION TEST 2023 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 SECTION A Answer all the questions in this section. 1. A Identify two areas studied under practical Geography. 2 marks b State three significance of learning Geography 3 marks 2. A State three characteristics of the Tropical Desert vegetation that helps them adapt to the desert climate. 3 marks b Explain two ways in which vegetation influences climate of an area.


2 marks b State three significance of learning Geography 3 marks 2. A State three characteristics of the Tropical Desert vegetation that helps them adapt to the desert climate. 3 marks b Explain two ways in which vegetation influences climate of an area. 2marks 3. A Name two types of lakes formed due to volcanicity. 2marks b State three characteristics of Lake Magadi 3marks 4. A Apart from tourist attraction give one significance of each of the glaciation features below. I Fiord 1 mark ii Outwash plain 1 mark b State three factors that lead to glacial deposition. 3 marks 5. A Identify two deserts on the rain shadow of Drakensberg mountains. 2 marks b Apart from relief barriers state three natural causes of aridity. 3 marks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section. 6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1: 50000 sheet 116 2 provided and use it to answer the following questions. A i Identify any two relief features in the map provided and give their location. 2 marks ii Calculate the area of the section enclosed by regional or provincial boundary at Nyangori. 2 marks iii Identify any three missing marginal information in the map provided. 3 marks b Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. 5 marks c Explain any three factors influencing agriculture in the area covered by the map. 6 marks d Citing evidence from the map, identify two social services offered at Nyagbongo 4 marks e Give three uses of Kisumu East map. 3 marks 7. A i The diagram below shows features of wave erosion. Identify the features marked: A,B,C and D 4 marks ii Explain any three processes of wave erosion: 6 marks A B D Cwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 42 b Using a well labeled diagram, describe how a spit is formed. 6 marks c Students of a school in Gatundu Sub County intend to carry out a field study on the features along the coast Kenya.


A i The diagram below shows features of wave erosion. Identify the features marked: A,B,C and D 4 marks ii Explain any three processes of wave erosion: 6 marks A B D Cwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 42 b Using a well labeled diagram, describe how a spit is formed. 6 marks c Students of a school in Gatundu Sub County intend to carry out a field study on the features along the coast Kenya. I Name any three main wave depositional features that they are likely to identify. 3marks ii State three reasons why they would carry out a reconnaissance study. 3marks iii Give three disadvantages of using observation to collect data. 3marks 8. A i Differentiate between orogenic and epeirogenic earth movements 2marks ii Describe the origin of continents according to the theory of plate tectonics. 4marks b i Apart from an over thrust fold, name three other types of folds. 3marks ii Explain three theories on the formation of fold mountains. 10marks c Explain three negative effects of folding to human activities. 6marks 9. A i Distinguish between minerals and rocks 2marks ii Describe the following characteristics of minerals colour. 2marks tenacity 2marks hardness 2marks b i What are sedimentary rocks? 2marks ii State three characteristics of sedimentary rocks. 3marks iii Explain two reasons why sedimentary rocks are widespread in the coastal plain of Kenya 4marks c. Describe how the following sedimentary rocks were formed i mechanically formed 4marks ii organically formed 4marks 10. A i Name any two sources of underground water. 2marks ii Give four conditions necessary for the formation of a karst landscape 4marks iii Describe the formation of a stalagmite. 5marks b i Name two water erosional features on a desert landscape 2marks ii Describe the formation of zeugens. 4marks iii Explain four significance of desert landforms to human activities. 8marks .


5marks b i Name two water erosional features on a desert landscape 2marks ii Describe the formation of zeugens. 4marks iii Explain four significance of desert landforms to human activities. 8marks . GATUNDU SOUTH EVALUATION EXAM GEOGRAPHY 312 2 PAPER 2 JULY AUGUST 2023 1. A What is forestry? 2mks b List three factors that determines the distribution of forests in Kenya 3mks 2. A Name three types of sedimentary rocks in terms of formation. 3mks b Give two uses of diamond 2mks 3. A Apart from rivers identify other two types of inland waterways used for transport in Africa 3mks b State three reasons why there is limited use of river transport in Africa. 3mks 4. A Define the term fisheries 2mks b State three ways in which marine fisheries in Kenya can be conserved 3mks 5. A What is energy crisis? 2mks b State three disadvantages of solar energy 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 43 SECTION B: ANSWER QUESTION 6 AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION 6. The table below shows three main crops produced in Kenya between 1998 and 2000. Use it to answer question a and b CROP AMOUNT IN METRIC TONS 1998 1999 2000 Wheat 70,000 130,000 140,000 Maize 200,000 300,000 350,000 coffee 240,000 250,000 280,000 a i Using a scale of 1cm to represent 50,000 metric tons, draw a simple comparative bar graph to represent the above information 8mks ii State two advantages of using comparative bar graphs 2mks b Calculate the percentage increase in coffee production between the year 1998 and 2000.


2mks b State three disadvantages of solar energy 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 43 SECTION B: ANSWER QUESTION 6 AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION 6. The table below shows three main crops produced in Kenya between 1998 and 2000. Use it to answer question a and b CROP AMOUNT IN METRIC TONS 1998 1999 2000 Wheat 70,000 130,000 140,000 Maize 200,000 300,000 350,000 coffee 240,000 250,000 280,000 a i Using a scale of 1cm to represent 50,000 metric tons, draw a simple comparative bar graph to represent the above information 8mks ii State two advantages of using comparative bar graphs 2mks b Calculate the percentage increase in coffee production between the year 1998 and 2000. 2mks c i State four human requirements for successful production of maize in Kenya 4mks ii Name three pests that attack the maize crop in Kenya 3mks d Explain three reasons why Kenya imports maize and wheat yet it is a producer of the same commodities 6mks 7. A i Name three types of minerals 3mks ii State three ways in which minerals occurs 3mks b i Describe the shaft mining method 5mks ii Outline three challenges faced in shaft mining method. 3mks c i Explain four problems facing the mining industry in Kenya. 8mks d Highlight three ways in which mining derelicts can be reclaimed 3mks 8. A i Apart from draining of swamps give four other methods through which Land has been reclaimed in Kenya. 4mks ii Explain four physical factors that influenced the location of Perkerra Irrigation scheme. 8mks b i Name the three crops grown in the polders in the Netherlands 3mks ii Describe the stages of reclamation of land from the sea in the Netherlands.


A i Apart from draining of swamps give four other methods through which Land has been reclaimed in Kenya. 4mks ii Explain four physical factors that influenced the location of Perkerra Irrigation scheme. 8mks b i Name the three crops grown in the polders in the Netherlands 3mks ii Describe the stages of reclamation of land from the sea in the Netherlands. 6mks c State four benefits of land reclamation in the Netherlands 4mks 9. A i Name two counties in Kenya where tea is grown in large Scale 2mks ii Describe the stages involved in processing of tea. 5mks b Explain four physical conditions necessary for the growth of tea. 8mks c State four problems facing tea farming in Kenya 4mks d You plan to carry out a field study in a tea farm. I Give four reasons why you need a route map for the study. 4mks ii Identify two methods you would use to collect data 2mks 10. A i Define the term environment 2mks ii Explain three measures undertaken by the Government of Kenya to manage and conserve the environment 6mks b i Apart from floods and drought, name three other environmental hazards experienced in Kenya. 3mks ii Give three causes of droughts in Kenya. 3mks iii Explain two measures taken to combat floods in Kenya 4mks c You are planning to carry out a field study on pollution in your nearby town. I Formulate three hypothesis for your study 3mks ii Give two reasons why it would be necessary to carry out a reconnaissance.


3mks ii Give three causes of droughts in Kenya. 3mks iii Explain two measures taken to combat floods in Kenya 4mks c You are planning to carry out a field study on pollution in your nearby town. I Formulate three hypothesis for your study 3mks ii Give two reasons why it would be necessary to carry out a reconnaissance. 2mks iii Give two follow up activities that you would have after the field study 2mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 58 BOKAKE JOINT EVALUATION EXAM 312 1 GEOGRAPHY SECTION A Answer all the questions in this section 1 a Give the forces which have contributed to the geoid shape of the Earth 3 marks b Name the minerals that make up the core of the Earth 2 marks 2 a Give three causes of earthquakes 3 marks b Name two major earthquakes zones of the world 2 marks 3 a Apart from aspect, list three other factors that influence the distribution of natural vegetation 3 marks b State two ways through which aspect influences the distribution of natural vegetation 2 marks 4 a State three conditions necessary for the development of Karst scenery 3 marks b Give two reasons why there are few settlements in Karst landscapes 2 marks 5 a Give two causes of river rejuvenation 2 marks b Identify three features that result from river rejuvenation 3 marks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section. 6 Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50000 provided and answer the following questions. A i What is the bearing of the trigonometrical station at Grid reference 081980 from the rock out crop at grid reference 071992. 2 marks ii Measure the length of the all weather road bound surface B 2 1 from the junction at grid reference 974911 to the edge of the Map, grid reference 947967. Give your answer in kilometers . 2 marks iii Draw a rectangle 10m by 15cm to represent the area covered by the map.


A i What is the bearing of the trigonometrical station at Grid reference 081980 from the rock out crop at grid reference 071992. 2 marks ii Measure the length of the all weather road bound surface B 2 1 from the junction at grid reference 974911 to the edge of the Map, grid reference 947967. Give your answer in kilometers . 2 marks iii Draw a rectangle 10m by 15cm to represent the area covered by the map. On a rectangle, mark and name: 1 mark A lake 1 mark A plantation 1 mark River Luando 1 mark b i Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. 4 marks ii Explain how relief has influenced settlement in the area covered by the map. 4 marks c Citing evidence from the map, give three economic activities carried out in the area covered by the map. 3 marks d Students from the school at Masogo grid square 0681 carried out a field study of the course of River Ombeyi. I State three findings they are likely to have come up with. 3 marks ii Give three advantages of studying rivers through field work. 3 marks 7 a i What is a rock? 2 marks ii Give two examples of plutonic igneous rocks. 2 marks b Describe the processes of formation of each of the following types of sedimentary rocks: i Mechanically formed. 4 marks ii Organically formed 4 marks c State five characteristics of rocks 5 marks d You are planning to carry out a field study on rocks within the local environment. I List three methods you would use to collect data 3 marks ii State three problems you are likely to encounter during the study. 3 marks iii Give two economic uses of rocks. 2 marks 8. A i Apart from an over thrust fold, name three other types of folds. 3 marks ii Describe the formation of an over thrust fold. 6 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 59 b i Name the young fold mountains found in the following continents Africa 1 mark Europe.