Iii Canal marked R Soo Canaliv Part marked S Dulult. B - Provides easy means of transport for both imports and exports, thus encouraginginternal and external trade. -. It has led to growth of parts and towns along its course. -. Due to accessibility top raw materials, there has been industrial development in the area. -. The dams along the route provide hydro-electric power for industrial and domestic use. -. The sea way is a tourist attraction which generates income in the region. -. The sea way has created employment opportunities in the transport and industrialsector raising the standards of living of the people in the area. -. Tariffs charged earns the country incomes. C - Most rivers in Africa pass through different climatic regions with alternating wet and dryseasons. This makes the volume of water fluctuate from season to season making itdifficult to use the rivers. -. Many rivers in Africa have rapids and water falls which hinder the movements of vessels. -. Some rivers in Africa have floating vegetation that makes if difficult for vessels to movethrough them. -. Many rivers in Africa are either short, too shallow or too swift making navigation onthem difficult. -. Rivers are affected by siltation at their mouths and along their courses. This reduces itsdepth required for the vessels to move. -. African countries have insufficient capital to use in the development of water ways,ports and for purchasing vessels. -. African countries have inadequate technology. This hinders the process of developingriver transport. -. Some rivers in Africa flow across different countries. This calls for negotiation betweencountries concerned. This hinders the development of river transport. -. Most of the rivers pass through unproductive areas making it uneconomical to developd i - Liberalization of airwaves licensing of more private radio stations T.V. stations . -. Introduction of E- mail internet Fax. E.t.c- Introduction of mobile phones cell phones pagers. -. Expansion of telecommunication facilities to new areas. -. Liberalization of postal services. Ii -Development of other faster and more efficient means of communication e.g. electronicmail has led to reduces use of telephones. -. High costs of installation and maintenance of telephone lines limit the number of thesubscribers. -. Vandalism of the telephone equipment renders most of the telephone servicesunavailable to would be users.


Electronicmail has led to reduces use of telephones. -. High costs of installation and maintenance of telephone lines limit the number of thesubscribers. -. Vandalism of the telephone equipment renders most of the telephone servicesunavailable to would be users. -. Mismanagement in the organization that provides telephone services has made itdifficult to expand the services to many areas of the country. -. Poor reception overlapping of the telephone lines limit the use of the facility descriptionby natural hazards. -. Lack of modernization of telephone in some areas causes delay and discourages theuse of telephones. 9. A Is the parking of goods in large standardized box like structure which once filledin a factory exporter can be transportedb - Saves space in ships as their dimension is more or less uniform. -. It speeds up the process of handling goods hence saves time. -. It is relatively cheap as it requires little labour. Reduce loss of goods as they are sealedat the exporter premises and delivered to the importer without the seal being broken. -. Reduces loss of goods through breakages and spoilage. -. Checking of goods is fairly easy. 10 . A i - Facilitates faster business transactions due to fast means of transport henceincreasing volume of tradeThrough M- Pesa and M- Kesho it has facilitated money transfer for business hence increasing trade transactions and investmentIt has created employment which improves the living standards of the peopleThe company pays taxes which are used to improve other sectors of the economyii - Facilitates theft cases aids stealingIt is expensive to acquire the device and to maintain itHealth associated risks e.g.


- Checking of goods is fairly easy.10 . A i - Facilitates faster business transactions due to fast means of transport henceincreasing volume of tradeThrough M- Pesa and M- Kesho it has facilitated money transfer for business hence increasing trade transactions and investmentIt has created employment which improves the living standards of the peopleThe company pays taxes which are used to improve other sectors of the economyii - Facilitates theft cases aids stealingIt is expensive to acquire the device and to maintain itHealth associated risks e.g.hearing impairment and cancerCan easily be lostLack of network coverage in some areasNoise pollution over ringingb - Most rivers are seasonalMany major rivers are unnavigable due to presence of water weeds, cataracts and water fallsMeanders on some rivers make the distance longer than land routesMany rivers flow through empty or inhospitable lands with little economic valueSiltation especially near the river mouth makes the channels shallowc - Construction of super high ways where by each country is responsible forconstruction of the stretch within her national boundaries to improve linkageof countries- Establishment of regional trade blocs that spearhead the development andmanagement of transport network among member states ensures good transportnetwork in AfricaNegotiations among leaders of various African nations to provide security to avoid high way robbery.


17. FISHING1. A i P Norway Q- Japanii - The areas have cool waters which have abundant planktons-main food for fish- The areas have shallow continental shelves which allow light to penetrate for planktonsto grow- Convergence of warm and cool current results in upwelling of ocean waters bringing mineral for fish and plankton form sea bed to the surface- Cool waters encourages thriving of numerous fish species- Most of the coasts are indented providing secure bedding grounds for fish- The sheltered bays provide suitable sites for building fishing ports- The large population in these areas provides ready market- The rugged landscape limits agriculture thus people turn to alternative economic activity- Cool climate provides natural preservation for fish2. A i R TrawlingS Basket fishing b i Basket fishing- The basket channel shaped to allow easy entry for fish- At the mouth, there is a non-return valve which restricts the outward. The basket isheld in the position with ropes stones sticks downstream- The basket is left in that attracted position for sometime then removed for landing of fish ii Trawling- A bag shaped net is attached to the ship trawler- The nets mouth is kept open by other boards- The upper art if kept a float by corks floats- Weights are used to keep the lower parts of the net at the sea bed- The trawler drags along the net- After sufficient fish is caught the net is hauled to the trawlerc - Fishing is restricted to specific reasons to allow for breeding and maturing of fish- Standardizing size of nets to ensure fingerlings are not cangut- Licenses are issued to prospective fishermen to control their number and to ensure there eis no over-fishing- Fish farming is being encouraged to ensure sufficient supply of fish. -. There is restriction of the disposal of untreated waste into the sea- Artificial fertilization is carried out in special hatcheries to sustain the supply of fish restocking of over fished waters3.


A i R TrawlingS Basket fishing b i Basket fishing- The basket channel shaped to allow easy entry for fish- At the mouth, there is a non-return valve which restricts the outward. The basket isheld in the position with ropes stones sticks downstream- The basket is left in that attracted position for sometime then removed for landing of fish ii Trawling- A bag shaped net is attached to the ship trawler- The nets mouth is kept open by other boards- The upper art if kept a float by corks floats- Weights are used to keep the lower parts of the net at the sea bed- The trawler drags along the net- After sufficient fish is caught the net is hauled to the trawlerc - Fishing is restricted to specific reasons to allow for breeding and maturing of fish- Standardizing size of nets to ensure fingerlings are not cangut- Licenses are issued to prospective fishermen to control their number and to ensure there eis no over-fishing- Fish farming is being encouraged to ensure sufficient supply of fish. -. There is restriction of the disposal of untreated waste into the sea- Artificial fertilization is carried out in special hatcheries to sustain the supply of fish restocking of over fished waters3. A i It is the rearing of fish in pondsii - The government through the fisheries department has set up fish ponds andhatcheries as demonstration farmsEstablishment of research institutions to investigate aspects of fish farming breeding diseasesExpansion of markets through intensified campaigns aimed at encouraging more people to eat fishExtension officers have been sent to the field to advise on fish farming techniquesThe government has encouraged the establishment of co-operatives which give credit facilities to fish farmersEstablishment of national food policy which encourages diversification of food aid as source of protein leading to setting up of fish farmsb - Inadequate storage and preservation facilities which cause heavy losses on theanded catch leading to low catchOccurrence of strong sea waves causing accidental drowning destruction of fish vesselsPoor fishing equipment which confine the fishermen to a few metres of continental shelf leading to low catchSparse population in the north coast and alternative economic activities in the south coast that lead to small market for fishHigh prices of fish which discourage many people from eating it regularlyLocal fishermen face stiff competition from foreign fishermen mainly from Korea and Japan who have adequate and advanced facilities for deep sea fishingWarm Mozambique currents and deep continental shelf which discourage the flourishing of fishRegular coastline few sheltered bays hence few sites for fish landing and breeding groundsc i - North-West AtlanticNorth-East AtlanticNorth East pacificNorth West Pacificii - Presence of extensive and shallow continental shelf which allow light to penetrate to the sea bed encouraging the growth of planktons used as fish foodUpwelling of ocean waters caused by convergence of warm Kuroshio and cold Oyashio currents bring minerals for planktons from the sea bed hence attracting fishJapan has indented coastline several bays which provide secure breeding grounds for fishSheltered bays provide suitable site for building ports landing sites e.g.


The basket isheld in the position with ropes stones sticks downstream- The basket is left in that attracted position for sometime then removed for landing of fish ii Trawling- A bag shaped net is attached to the ship trawler- The nets mouth is kept open by other boards- The upper art if kept a float by corks floats- Weights are used to keep the lower parts of the net at the sea bed- The trawler drags along the net- After sufficient fish is caught the net is hauled to the trawlerc - Fishing is restricted to specific reasons to allow for breeding and maturing of fish- Standardizing size of nets to ensure fingerlings are not cangut- Licenses are issued to prospective fishermen to control their number and to ensure there eis no over-fishing- Fish farming is being encouraged to ensure sufficient supply of fish. -. There is restriction of the disposal of untreated waste into the sea- Artificial fertilization is carried out in special hatcheries to sustain the supply of fish restocking of over fished waters3. A i It is the rearing of fish in pondsii - The government through the fisheries department has set up fish ponds andhatcheries as demonstration farmsEstablishment of research institutions to investigate aspects of fish farming breeding diseasesExpansion of markets through intensified campaigns aimed at encouraging more people to eat fishExtension officers have been sent to the field to advise on fish farming techniquesThe government has encouraged the establishment of co-operatives which give credit facilities to fish farmersEstablishment of national food policy which encourages diversification of food aid as source of protein leading to setting up of fish farmsb - Inadequate storage and preservation facilities which cause heavy losses on theanded catch leading to low catchOccurrence of strong sea waves causing accidental drowning destruction of fish vesselsPoor fishing equipment which confine the fishermen to a few metres of continental shelf leading to low catchSparse population in the north coast and alternative economic activities in the south coast that lead to small market for fishHigh prices of fish which discourage many people from eating it regularlyLocal fishermen face stiff competition from foreign fishermen mainly from Korea and Japan who have adequate and advanced facilities for deep sea fishingWarm Mozambique currents and deep continental shelf which discourage the flourishing of fishRegular coastline few sheltered bays hence few sites for fish landing and breeding groundsc i - North-West AtlanticNorth-East AtlanticNorth East pacificNorth West Pacificii - Presence of extensive and shallow continental shelf which allow light to penetrate to the sea bed encouraging the growth of planktons used as fish foodUpwelling of ocean waters caused by convergence of warm Kuroshio and cold Oyashio currents bring minerals for planktons from the sea bed hence attracting fishJapan has indented coastline several bays which provide secure breeding grounds for fishSheltered bays provide suitable site for building ports landing sites e.g. HakkadateRugged landscape mountains with infertile soil in some areas which does not favour agriculture hence make people resort to fishingNumerous islands had exposed provided the fishermen access to marine lifeThe area has cool waters which encourage thriving of fish4.


- There is restriction of the disposal of untreated waste into the sea- Artificial fertilization is carried out in special hatcheries to sustain the supply of fish restocking of over fished waters3. A i It is the rearing of fish in pondsii - The government through the fisheries department has set up fish ponds andhatcheries as demonstration farmsEstablishment of research institutions to investigate aspects of fish farming breeding diseasesExpansion of markets through intensified campaigns aimed at encouraging more people to eat fishExtension officers have been sent to the field to advise on fish farming techniquesThe government has encouraged the establishment of co-operatives which give credit facilities to fish farmersEstablishment of national food policy which encourages diversification of food aid as source of protein leading to setting up of fish farmsb - Inadequate storage and preservation facilities which cause heavy losses on theanded catch leading to low catchOccurrence of strong sea waves causing accidental drowning destruction of fish vesselsPoor fishing equipment which confine the fishermen to a few metres of continental shelf leading to low catchSparse population in the north coast and alternative economic activities in the south coast that lead to small market for fishHigh prices of fish which discourage many people from eating it regularlyLocal fishermen face stiff competition from foreign fishermen mainly from Korea and Japan who have adequate and advanced facilities for deep sea fishingWarm Mozambique currents and deep continental shelf which discourage the flourishing of fishRegular coastline few sheltered bays hence few sites for fish landing and breeding groundsc i - North-West AtlanticNorth-East AtlanticNorth East pacificNorth West Pacificii - Presence of extensive and shallow continental shelf which allow light to penetrate to the sea bed encouraging the growth of planktons used as fish foodUpwelling of ocean waters caused by convergence of warm Kuroshio and cold Oyashio currents bring minerals for planktons from the sea bed hence attracting fishJapan has indented coastline several bays which provide secure breeding grounds for fishSheltered bays provide suitable site for building ports landing sites e.g. HakkadateRugged landscape mountains with infertile soil in some areas which does not favour agriculture hence make people resort to fishingNumerous islands had exposed provided the fishermen access to marine lifeThe area has cool waters which encourage thriving of fish4. A - A vein is a small crack containing minerals deposited in crystalline form whilea code is a large crack containing minerals in crystalline form b - Waste of agricultural land Waste of industrial land Ugliness where the land has lost its beauty Health and accident hazards 5.


A i It is the rearing of fish in pondsii - The government through the fisheries department has set up fish ponds andhatcheries as demonstration farmsEstablishment of research institutions to investigate aspects of fish farming breeding diseasesExpansion of markets through intensified campaigns aimed at encouraging more people to eat fishExtension officers have been sent to the field to advise on fish farming techniquesThe government has encouraged the establishment of co-operatives which give credit facilities to fish farmersEstablishment of national food policy which encourages diversification of food aid as source of protein leading to setting up of fish farmsb - Inadequate storage and preservation facilities which cause heavy losses on theanded catch leading to low catchOccurrence of strong sea waves causing accidental drowning destruction of fish vesselsPoor fishing equipment which confine the fishermen to a few metres of continental shelf leading to low catchSparse population in the north coast and alternative economic activities in the south coast that lead to small market for fishHigh prices of fish which discourage many people from eating it regularlyLocal fishermen face stiff competition from foreign fishermen mainly from Korea and Japan who have adequate and advanced facilities for deep sea fishingWarm Mozambique currents and deep continental shelf which discourage the flourishing of fishRegular coastline few sheltered bays hence few sites for fish landing and breeding groundsc i - North-West AtlanticNorth-East AtlanticNorth East pacificNorth West Pacificii - Presence of extensive and shallow continental shelf which allow light to penetrate to the sea bed encouraging the growth of planktons used as fish foodUpwelling of ocean waters caused by convergence of warm Kuroshio and cold Oyashio currents bring minerals for planktons from the sea bed hence attracting fishJapan has indented coastline several bays which provide secure breeding grounds for fishSheltered bays provide suitable site for building ports landing sites e.g. HakkadateRugged landscape mountains with infertile soil in some areas which does not favour agriculture hence make people resort to fishingNumerous islands had exposed provided the fishermen access to marine lifeThe area has cool waters which encourage thriving of fish4. A - A vein is a small crack containing minerals deposited in crystalline form whilea code is a large crack containing minerals in crystalline form b - Waste of agricultural land Waste of industrial land Ugliness where the land has lost its beauty Health and accident hazards 5. A i - Trawling.


HakkadateRugged landscape mountains with infertile soil in some areas which does not favour agriculture hence make people resort to fishingNumerous islands had exposed provided the fishermen access to marine lifeThe area has cool waters which encourage thriving of fish4. A - A vein is a small crack containing minerals deposited in crystalline form whilea code is a large crack containing minerals in crystalline form b - Waste of agricultural land Waste of industrial land Ugliness where the land has lost its beauty Health and accident hazards 5. A i - Trawling. -. Line fishing- Use of barriers- Use of herbs - skinning- Harpooning- Use of baskets - Use of gills nets- Use of hand lanesii Cod- halibut- haddock- flounder - hake- herring- mackerel b i - Sheltered inlets and estuaries form ideal sites for fishing villages and ports. -. They also offer ideal site for fish breeding because of calm water and availability of the planktons. Ii - When warm currents meet cold currents the temperature of water is regulated. -. This condition is ideal for the survival of fish. -. Convergence of these currents improve circulation of oxygen and dispersal of nutrients for the fish c i Provision of the necessary infrastructure such as transport routes to enableexploitation of fishing grounds located in remote areas. This will reduce over exploitation on a few accessible fishing grounds like L. Victoria. Fishing FarmingThe development of fish farms complements the fish being caught from natural watersRestocking of over fished grounds. Over fished waters are restocked using finger lings from hatcheries or obtaining them from the overpopulated fishing grounds. International agreements on territorial waters. Countries have full sovereignty over territorial water extending for 19 km from the coast. A further 19 km zone in which the coastal state can take action against those whobreak the law. 6. I Smoking.- Sun drying. -. Salting- Use of refrigerator. Ii - The fishermen are required to have a licence from the governmentThis prohibits illegal fishing, over fishing and indiscriminate fishing. -. Inadequate capital. Most of the fishermen use traditional methods of fishing which greatly reduces their catch. They lack adequate funds to enable them purchase modern fishing gear and refrigeration equipment.


- Inadequate capital. Most of the fishermen use traditional methods of fishing which greatly reduces their catch. They lack adequate funds to enable them purchase modern fishing gear and refrigeration equipment. --Introduction of new species. The introduction of new fish species in the lake has affected the breeding of indigenous fish. For example Nile Perch was introduced in the lake in 1960s, it now accounts for more than 80 of the fish harvests, after having caused the disappearance of more than 200 endemic fish species and yet it s not a popular species. -. Presence of weeds. Fishing in lake Victoria is greatly hampered by the grown of water hyacinth along the shores of the lake. The weed chokes the fishing boats, hence the infested areas are avoided by fishermen, yet they contain a lot of fish. -AccidentsAccidents affecting fishermen are common on L. Victoria. Have canoes and boats capsize in the lake due to the strong winds and storms prevailing in the areas. The fishermen loose their fishing gear and equipment, as some of them drone. -. Regional Conflicts. There has been boundary conflict between Kenya and Uganda over Migingo Island on L. Victoria. This has caused the fishermen to have fear since most of them are molested or attacked by Uganda Security groups. 7. -. The continental shelf is narrow- Poor transport connection to the fisheries- Local fishermen do not have adequate capital- The coastline is fairly straight- the water is too warm for fish breeding lack of upwelling of water- There is low demand for fish- Fishermen lack modern equipment preservation facilities storage facilities- Inadequate skills inadequate research technology- Competition from developed countries8. A i - Seine nets- Trawler nets- Gill nets- Drift netsii - West N.


7. -. The continental shelf is narrow- Poor transport connection to the fisheries- Local fishermen do not have adequate capital- The coastline is fairly straight- the water is too warm for fish breeding lack of upwelling of water- There is low demand for fish- Fishermen lack modern equipment preservation facilities storage facilities- Inadequate skills inadequate research technology- Competition from developed countries8. A i - Seine nets- Trawler nets- Gill nets- Drift netsii - West N. America- N.E Asiab - Over fishing reduced stocksPollution killing fishingPoor transport network delay reaching market go badPoor market fish imports reduced earningsInadequate capital poor equipment preservation marketingFish diseases death of fishWeeds difficulty to fishBoundary conflicts fighting destruction of equipmentc - Source of income employment reduce unemployment improve livingstandardsTourist attraction sports marine park forex for developingRich in nutrients healthDevelopment of industryHealth feed on mosquito- reduce malariaFeeder roads improve transportForex country developmentd - Sagana- Kabaru- Kibos- Homa bay- Aruba- Haller park nature trail9. A i -Pelagic-Dermersal-nadromousii - Presence of numerous foods that form inlets which provide good breeding grounds for fish- The ruggedness of the immediate land discourage agriculture and livestock farming thus making fishing a good alternative- The prevailing warm Atlantic drift makes the area ice free throughout the year thus fishing is carried out- The grounds have large continental shelf which are abundant in plankton- The dense population in western Europe provides a ready market for fish- The low temperature conditions in high latitudes encourages flourishing of fish- The highly developed technology in the region has contributed to the development of fishingiii - Formulation of law against indiscriminate fishing- Restocking the over fished areas- Licensing fishermen and use of standardized nets of permitted mesh sizes- Prohibiting disposal of effluents into fisheries- Introduction of new species in the existing fisheries- Research of fish species their habit and migratory trends- Personal should be trained on how to manage fisheries10 a - Drifting method.


A i - Seine nets- Trawler nets- Gill nets- Drift netsii - West N. America- N.E Asiab - Over fishing reduced stocksPollution killing fishingPoor transport network delay reaching market go badPoor market fish imports reduced earningsInadequate capital poor equipment preservation marketingFish diseases death of fishWeeds difficulty to fishBoundary conflicts fighting destruction of equipmentc - Source of income employment reduce unemployment improve livingstandardsTourist attraction sports marine park forex for developingRich in nutrients healthDevelopment of industryHealth feed on mosquito- reduce malariaFeeder roads improve transportForex country developmentd - Sagana- Kabaru- Kibos- Homa bay- Aruba- Haller park nature trail9. A i -Pelagic-Dermersal-nadromousii - Presence of numerous foods that form inlets which provide good breeding grounds for fish- The ruggedness of the immediate land discourage agriculture and livestock farming thus making fishing a good alternative- The prevailing warm Atlantic drift makes the area ice free throughout the year thus fishing is carried out- The grounds have large continental shelf which are abundant in plankton- The dense population in western Europe provides a ready market for fish- The low temperature conditions in high latitudes encourages flourishing of fish- The highly developed technology in the region has contributed to the development of fishingiii - Formulation of law against indiscriminate fishing- Restocking the over fished areas- Licensing fishermen and use of standardized nets of permitted mesh sizes- Prohibiting disposal of effluents into fisheries- Introduction of new species in the existing fisheries- Research of fish species their habit and migratory trends- Personal should be trained on how to manage fisheries10 a - Drifting method. -. Seining method. -. Lining method. B - It is washed by cold ocean current which influence temperature of water favouringthe survival of fish. -. It has plenty of planktons than the Eastern coasts. -. It has sheltered inlets harbours which favour the thriving of fish and construction of fishharbours. 11. A - Seining- Trawling. -. Line fishing.


11. VEGETATION1. A - Pampas of Argentina- Veldt of S. Africa- Downs of Australia- Steppe of Asia- Prairies of N. Americab State three characteristics of temperate grasslands. B - Almost airless except along water courses- Grass is tall and nutritious in most areas- Grass is shorter, tougher less nutritious in drier areas- Grass withers in autumn- It sprouts in springii - Some trees are umbrella shaped to reduce evaporation below the stems- Some plants have long roots to reach the water table below- Some plants have thick fleshy succulent leaves to store water- Some plants grass wither in absence of rainfall but have abiding to recover quickly when rain falls- Some plant seeds remain dormant for long periods awaiting the start of rainfall- Some plants have thin leaves spiky waxy needle like leaves to reduce water loss2. A i X-rainforestY-bamboo forestZ-heath and moorlandii - it consist of a mixture of tree and grassin wetter areas the grass are tall and close to each otherin drive areas the grass are shorter and tuftedgrass dominate the vegetationtrees are shorter and more scatteredtrees are umbrella shapedacacia trees are a dominant speciessome trees i.e. bamboo have thick barksriver valleys have trees and thick bushesduring drought grass withers trees shed their leavesb i Areas on leeward slope of mountains have different vegetation from those on windward slope because they received different amount of rainfall ii Settlement, farming and mining interferes with original vegetation leading to growth ofsecondary and dissertation c i south Africa ii Argentina iii New Zealand . D The frequent outbreak of bush fires destroys the grass retarding its regeneration the increasing human population is encroaching into the grasslands replacing them with settlement and cultivated land pests such as army worms locust destroy the grass and the vegetation degenerations into a semi- desert type wild and domestic animals overgraze and cause stunted growth of grass 3.


A i X-rainforestY-bamboo forestZ-heath and moorlandii - it consist of a mixture of tree and grassin wetter areas the grass are tall and close to each otherin drive areas the grass are shorter and tuftedgrass dominate the vegetationtrees are shorter and more scatteredtrees are umbrella shapedacacia trees are a dominant speciessome trees i.e. bamboo have thick barksriver valleys have trees and thick bushesduring drought grass withers trees shed their leavesb i Areas on leeward slope of mountains have different vegetation from those on windward slope because they received different amount of rainfall ii Settlement, farming and mining interferes with original vegetation leading to growth ofsecondary and dissertation c i south Africa ii Argentina iii New Zealand . D The frequent outbreak of bush fires destroys the grass retarding its regeneration the increasing human population is encroaching into the grasslands replacing them with settlement and cultivated land pests such as army worms locust destroy the grass and the vegetation degenerations into a semi- desert type wild and domestic animals overgraze and cause stunted growth of grass 3. A i -Natural vegetation is the plant cover that exists in an area without the interferenceof external modifying influence especially people and their animalsii -Temperature-Precipitation rainfall -Sunlight-Windb i -The prairies of N. America -The veid of S Africa -The pampas of Argentina -The downs of Australia and New Zealand ii -They are conical in shape-They have needle-shape leaves-In most coniferous forests a thick carpet of mosses occur-Forest species are generally few and large tracts of forests can consist of only one ortwo species of tree occurs in pure stands -Most of the species are softwoods which mature faster-Most species are evergreen but a few she their leaves eg fir,pine and larch.


D The frequent outbreak of bush fires destroys the grass retarding its regeneration the increasing human population is encroaching into the grasslands replacing them with settlement and cultivated land pests such as army worms locust destroy the grass and the vegetation degenerations into a semi- desert type wild and domestic animals overgraze and cause stunted growth of grass 3. A i -Natural vegetation is the plant cover that exists in an area without the interferenceof external modifying influence especially people and their animalsii -Temperature-Precipitation rainfall -Sunlight-Windb i -The prairies of N. America -The veid of S Africa -The pampas of Argentina -The downs of Australia and New Zealand ii -They are conical in shape-They have needle-shape leaves-In most coniferous forests a thick carpet of mosses occur-Forest species are generally few and large tracts of forests can consist of only one ortwo species of tree occurs in pure stands -Most of the species are softwoods which mature faster-Most species are evergreen but a few she their leaves eg fir,pine and larch. -. Trees have a widely spread shallow root system for utilizing moisture from the top soilsince most of the time subsoil is permafrostedc -some plants have thick leaves and banks for storing water. -some plants produce seeds which lie dormant for along time and germinates when therain falls-some plants sheds leaves during the onset of the dry season to reduce loss of waterthrough transpiration-trees in the region have long rots to tap water from the water table below-tress in the region are umbrella shaped to provide shade that reduces the rate ofevaporation around the stem. D - Frequent outbreak of bush fires destroy grass and retard its regeneration-frequent drought destroy the grass and so the vegetation degeneration into a semi-desert type. -overgrazing of domestic and wild animals causes stunted growth of grasses-human activities due to increased population which encroaches grasslands-pests such as army worms and locusts destroy the grass, thus reducing the rate ofgrowth4.


-some plants produce seeds which lie dormant for along time and germinates when therain falls-some plants sheds leaves during the onset of the dry season to reduce loss of waterthrough transpiration-trees in the region have long rots to tap water from the water table below-tress in the region are umbrella shaped to provide shade that reduces the rate ofevaporation around the stem. D - Frequent outbreak of bush fires destroy grass and retard its regeneration-frequent drought destroy the grass and so the vegetation degeneration into a semi-desert type. -overgrazing of domestic and wild animals causes stunted growth of grasses-human activities due to increased population which encroaches grasslands-pests such as army worms and locusts destroy the grass, thus reducing the rate ofgrowth4. A X - VeldtZ - Stepperb - Some plants have a short life-cycle this enables them to survive during the shortperiod of wetness. -. Most are salt tolerant Halophytes to enable them survive in the saline soils of thedeserts. -. Most plants have succulent leaves that store water to enable them survive the longdrought period. -. Some plants have fibrous stems which they use as breathing surface. -. Most have deep roots to reach the deeper water table. -. Some have spines thorns which protect them from browsing animals. -. Some are drought resistant deciduous which enable them shed their leaves duringdry season. 5.


- Some have spines thorns which protect them from browsing animals. -. Some are drought resistant deciduous which enable them shed their leaves duringdry season. 5. A i L is savanna park savanna ii - The vegetation is tropical rainforest equatorial forest- The forest consist of mixed variety of tree species- The trees shed their leaves at different times of the year ever green- The trees are tall with large trunks- The trees have broad; leaves drip tipped leaves- The trees take long to mature- The tree species are mainly hard woods- The forest trees grow close together- The forest has numerous lianas climbing plants epiphytes- Some of the trees have buttress roots- The forest has crowns that form three distinct canopies layersb i - Some plants have thick fleshy succulent leaves barks to enable them store water- Some have long roots to tap the ground water- Some have no leaves have thin spiky waxy needle- like leaves to reduce transpiration- Some plants have shiny surfaces to reflect light- Plant seeds remain dormant awaiting the short rains- Some plants have thick hard barks to reduce transpiration- Some plants wilt in the absence of moisture that have a quick recovery ability- Some plants have thorns to protect themselves from browsing animals- Most plants are stunted dwarf like due to the harsh conditions- Some plants are quick sprouting to take advantage of the short lived desert rays- Some plants have underground bulbs that remain dormant awaiting short the rainsc i - The temperatures are too low to support vegetation- The surface is mainly bare rock, so no soil has formed to support vegetation- Water is always in a frozen state, i.e. snow, so it is not available to plantsii - Vegetation is of aesthetic value as it adds beauty to the landscape- Vegetation binds soil together using its roots. Its aerial parts reduce the impact of raindrops on the soil. In this way, it protects the soil against erosion- Plant remains decay to become humus. This improves the fertility of the soil- Some plants are of medicinal value to people.


Its aerial parts reduce the impact of raindrops on the soil. In this way, it protects the soil against erosion- Plant remains decay to become humus. This improves the fertility of the soil- Some plants are of medicinal value to people. Their leaves, barks or roots are extracted and prepared into medicines, both traditional and modern- Some trees are used in the manufacture of paper while others are used for the manufacture of plywood, veneer or production of timber- Some plants are eaten by people e.g. bamboo shoots6. A i - Natural vegetation- Derived vegetation- Cultivated vegetationii - altitude - aspect - terrain and drainageb i A-health and moorlandB-bamboo forest C-rain forest D-savanna grasslandii -too cold for plants to survive covered by snow -rocky surfacec i prairiesPampasii - Grazing the plenty tall and short grasses are used for grazing livestock and wildanimals- Reduces soil erosion-savanna vegetation act as soil cover hence reduces soilerosion- Habitat for bees and wild animals-trees in savanna are habitat for bees which provide honey and home foe wild animals e.g. gazelles, giraffe- Some shrubs and herbs growing in the savanna are used as medicine- Fuel-trees provide wood fuel and fuel wood for the people in the tropics- Gross increases humus in the soil making areas suitable for cereal farming e.g. wheat and maized - some plants have long roots to enable them tap water far deep the ground - some pants have shallow root system which enables them to take moisture from thesoil layers- some plants have sunken stomata and waxy leaves to reduce rate oftransportation - some plants have succulent stems to allow them store water - some plants are short lived i.e. Complete their cycle within the short wet period - some plants e.g. tubers and corns remain dormant during dry spell until wet periodstimulate7.


A i - It is a plant cover existing naturally in a place but has been interfered with by manii - AltitudeAspectSoilClimate temperature rainfallMan s activitiesb i - Savanna vegetationRainforestBamboo forestsHealth and moorlandii - prairiessteppesdownsveldiii - some have thick fleshy succulent leaves barkssome have long tap rootssome have no leaves have thin spiky waxy needle like leavessome plants have thick hard barkssome plants have thornssome plants are stunted dwarf likeshrubs are commonsome plants spout during wet seasons short time 9.a - fire-often ,large areas of forests are destroyed by accidental and sometimesintended fire.such forests takes long to recoverdiseases causes by pests and parasites attack mainly the planted forests causing many trees to diehuman activity settlement charcoal burning logging have destroyed many forests areas of which are transformed in to farms and grasslandsover-exploitation leads to depletion of certain tree species such as Meru oak, camphor and Elgon teak.these trees take long to maturegovernment policy of degazetting of some forests made people free to clear many forested areasprolonged droughts lead to degeneration of forests some of which take long to recover b Rain forest have closely set trees with these districts canopies. This crowns and closeness of the trees form a dense shade for the lower layer which makes arvesting cumbersome. Most trees are tall, and have huge trunks. This makes them cumbersome to be harvested and most of them are heavy to be transported. High amount of rainfall. This forest lies within the equatorial climatic region where high amount of rainfall isreceived throughout the year. This means that harvesting of trees can not take place throughout the year because of the very dump condition in the forest and general disturbance caused too much rains. Tree species are not found in pure standsRainforest do not have pure stand and this become a problem if one need to harvest only one species meaning moving from one part of the forest to another as one harvest. Majority of the species are hardwood.-These species are hard to be cut and also heavy to be transported.


22. TRADE1. A - Bilateral tradeb - Low earnings due export of agricultural products and raw materials which have low valueHeavy expenditure due to importation of manufactured goods which are expensiveUnpredictable production since agriculture she relies on for export depends on climate which is unreliable2. A - Bilateral- Multilateralb - Similar products- Limited transport communication links- Colonial patterns of trade- Limited manufactured goods- Prohibitive tariffs to protect local industries3. A - Scarcity of goodsInadequate capital supplyHigh costs of getting trading permits licencesLowly developed roads transport networkTrade barriersHigh cases of poverty among the peopleInadequate market buildingsInsecuritySmuggling of essential goodsb - They have helped crate cooperation among member states- Member states have a longer market for their goods- The expanded market ha promoted industrial development- Goods have been made cheaper for people in the region through reduction of tariffs- Employment opportunities have been created through industrial development- Member states are able to invest in joint development projects like railway construction. -. Trade in the regions has boosted agricultural development- The common market has made people of the member state enjoy a variety of commodities- There is reduced reliance on goods and services from other parts of the world4. A - To eliminate taxes on goods produced within the member countries. -. To enable the member states to increase use of their raw materials. -. To enable people in the region to interact and exchange ideas freely. -. To reduce unnecessary competition among member states. -. To promote transport communication between the countries. -. To create a common market for the goods produced in the member countries. -. To establish a common bank COMESA bank to aid transaction. B - Improving infrastructures. -. Joining trading blocs such as COMESA, EAC. -. Creating Export Processing Zones. EPZ to promote the volume of exports.


- Joining trading blocs such as COMESA, EAC.- Creating Export Processing Zones. EPZ to promote the volume of exports.5.a i Visible exports are tangible goods sent o other countries for sale while invisibleexport are transactions between countries which lead to monetary returnsii -Tourism-Financial services-Transport services-Loans grants Aidsb i - COMESA- Southern African Development Community SADC ii BerlinNigerNigeria GhanaBurkina fasoMauritaniaLiberiaMaliGuineaSenegalTogoCape townCote de voireGambiaGuinea BisauCamerooniii - Encouraged the development of industries-Phased out all customs and tariffs on goods originating within West Africa-Improvement of tele- communication-Exchange of technology-Campaigned for the sale of petroleum from Nigeria to member states at reduced prices6.a Balance of payment is the difference between visible exports and imports and also invisible exports and inputs in the value of trade taking place between two countries.b - They are perishable. Some are bulky making transportation difficult. Are of low valueThey are exhaustible supply may fluctuate negatively depending on season. Inadequate capital for expansion since a large capital outlay is needed.a Visible exports are tangible goods sent to other countries for sale while invisibleexports are transactions between countries which lead to monetary returns likeinterest and dividends on the foreign investments b - Hinder growth of home infant industries due to stiff competition slowsindustrializationCreates a state of dependency on developed countries slows exploitation of national resourcesHinder diversification of the economyThe country experiences unfavorable balance of trade retards economic developmentWhenever there is poor relationship with the trading partner the country experiences shortage of the import goodsThe country spends her foreign exchange reserve on imports faces devaluation of her localcurrency.


25. MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT1 i Land pollution Is the contamination of the land through improper disposal of wasteii - Spraying of crops with chemicals contaminates the land by affecting soilcomposition- Careless dumping of domestic waste and industrial waste contaminates land- Burning of vegetation during land- Preparation leads to death of micro- organisms making the land unsuitable for plants to survive- Poor disposal of non- biodegradable material like plastic and polythene papers contaminates the landiii - Bad Odour leading to air pollution- Accumulation of domestic and industrial wastes on the road side blocks the drainage system- Mounds of wastes are a breeding ground for flies, mosquitoes and rodents which cancause outbreak of diseases- Injuries can result from broken bottles, rusted metals and iron2. A ii - Its best economic use of land because Agriculture does not do well in those areas. -. Population is low and this reduces conflicts between man and animals. -. It requires extensive land that is only available in those areas. -. It reduces the conflict of resettling people. B - Polluted water cause death of aquatic animals. -. High concentration of organic and inorganic nutrients in water causes electrificationin lakes. -. Water pollution causes diseases to animalsc i - When a river contains excess waters which it cannot hold within its channel. -. When the level of the sea or lake rises due to increased rainfall. -. Exceptional heavy rainfall like El nino results in excess water on land. -. When a dam built across a valley breaks, the water in the reservoir floods lower landdown stream. -. When massive earthquake occurs on the seabed causes tsunami which causesflooding in coastal areas. C ii - Construction of dykes, dams and levees. These can be constructed across rivers tocontrol the speed of water amount of water flowing downstream. -. Reforestation on slopes and river banks reduces surface run off and erosion increasesthe rate of water infiltration in the ground. -. Improving and diverting river channels. -. Shallow rivers can be dredged to increase their depth. Rivers with meanders ca bestraightened to enable water flow swiftly. Tributaries can be drenched to reduce thevolume of water getting into the main river. D - To sustain human life. -. To protect endangered species. -. For sustainable utilization of resources. -. For aesthetic value.


- To protect endangered species. -. For sustainable utilization of resources. -. For aesthetic value. -. For future generations posterity. -. To curb global warming. 3. A - Hooting and roaring off engines by motor vehicles- Reverting of machines in rolling mills and welding- Banging of metal containers by Jua kali artisans- High pitched music played in vehicles, dance and disco halls, homes and religiousgathering- Aircrafts as they take off or land in airports- Blasts from mines and celebrations e.g. Dawalib - Rise in blood pressure and tension of muscles physical stress- Affects the nervous system causing neurosis and irritation- Damage of eardrums causing deafnessa Desertification- Lightning- Windstorms- Pest and diseases- Pollution4. A - Earth quakesb i - Nyando- Nzoia- Yala- Kuja Guchaii - the stagnant water becomes breeding ground for vectors that cause water relateddiseases. -. Floods cause loss of property lives- Floods cause soil water logging which lower crop production- Floods wash away crops leading to food shortages famine- Floods wash away bridges roads telephone lines air field disrupting transport andcommunication- People are dispatched by floods are made homelessc - the garbage man result to foul smell air pollution which is hazardous to human health- when it rains the dumped waste garbage is washed to rivers causing water pollution- garbage can be a breeding ground for rodents flies cockroaches which can causediseases outbreak e.g. plague- accumulation of garbage leads to blockage of roads drainage systems- garbage heaps are eye sore as they made the environment uglyd i - burning waste materials- digging pits throwing rubbish- minimizing use of harmful chemicals use of organic manure- creating public awareness on the dangers of land pollution and how to control it- recycling of waste materials- government logislation against dumping- setting up proper garbage collections programmesii - strong winds destroy trees- wind blow off roofs of houses- winds cause strong see storms and lead to boats capsizing communication lines aredestroyed destruction of transport lines- winds cause soil erosion- winds spread air-borne disease- winds spread bush fires5.


A - Earth quakesb i - Nyando- Nzoia- Yala- Kuja Guchaii - the stagnant water becomes breeding ground for vectors that cause water relateddiseases. -. Floods cause loss of property lives- Floods cause soil water logging which lower crop production- Floods wash away crops leading to food shortages famine- Floods wash away bridges roads telephone lines air field disrupting transport andcommunication- People are dispatched by floods are made homelessc - the garbage man result to foul smell air pollution which is hazardous to human health- when it rains the dumped waste garbage is washed to rivers causing water pollution- garbage can be a breeding ground for rodents flies cockroaches which can causediseases outbreak e.g. plague- accumulation of garbage leads to blockage of roads drainage systems- garbage heaps are eye sore as they made the environment uglyd i - burning waste materials- digging pits throwing rubbish- minimizing use of harmful chemicals use of organic manure- creating public awareness on the dangers of land pollution and how to control it- recycling of waste materials- government logislation against dumping- setting up proper garbage collections programmesii - strong winds destroy trees- wind blow off roofs of houses- winds cause strong see storms and lead to boats capsizing communication lines aredestroyed destruction of transport lines- winds cause soil erosion- winds spread air-borne disease- winds spread bush fires5. A i S Mt. Kenya Nationa ParkT- Amboseli Naitonal ParkU Tsavo National Parkii Malindi Marine parkbi - Pie-historic sites e.g. Gedi ruinsSandy beachesCaves, cliffs coral reefs coastal landforms Warm, sunny weatherPeople s cultureii - Ensures maximum use of less productive land e.g. arid and semi-arid regionsSource of foreign exchange through payment of fees at entry points gates to parks reservesCreation of employment opportunities as guides in parks, lodges e.t.c. Protection and conservation of endangered species e.g. rhinos, elephants e.t.c.


Arid and semi-arid regionsSource of foreign exchange through payment of fees at entry points gates to parks reservesCreation of employment opportunities as guides in parks, lodges e.t.c. Protection and conservation of endangered species e.g. rhinos, elephants e.t.c. For future generation prosperityEnhances research promotes education in plants and animal speciesFor aesthetic purpose recreationHas stimulated the need to build roads and airstrips connecting parks with urban areas opening up remote areas. Promoted diversification of the economy from over-relying on agriculture to tourismiii - Illegal hunting poaching of wildlife game leads to extinction of some animal speciesOverstocking of wild animals leading to destruction of the natural environment overgrazingFrequent drought leading to loss of animals through starvation and deathHuman wildlife conflict leading to destruction of crops and death of people, through high costs of compensationInadequate capital limits governemnt conservation effort especially to construct game parksPollution of the environment leading to loss of wildlifeFire outbreaks which destroy vegetations animalsPests and diseases e.g feline immune deficiency virus that threatens lion population6. A - To get in contact with the park management and seek permission for the visit-To identify and engage the services of a tour guide- To identify the methods to be used in data collection- To formulate the relevant objectives and hypotheses-To assemble the appropriate equipment for the study- To help in estimating the cost of the study- To prepare an appropriate work schedule- To determine the appropriate routes to be followed- To identify possible problems that may be experienced and ways of avoiding them b - Offering incentives like reduced tariff rates by hotels during the low season for local people- Lowering the entrance fees for local people into national parks and game reserves- Encouraging employers to offer incentive holidays to their employees- Promote domestic tourism through the media- Encourage young people to tour their country by establishing wildlife clubs in schools7. A - Desertification. LightningWind stormPests and diseasesPollutionb - DeforestationPoor agricultural activities e.g overgrazing, monoculture, overcroping etcIncrease in population. Bush fireGlobal warmingc - To ensure proper utilization of resources without damage. To sustain human life since it wholly dependent on the resources for survivial.


LightningWind stormPests and diseasesPollutionb - DeforestationPoor agricultural activities e.g overgrazing, monoculture, overcroping etcIncrease in population. Bush fireGlobal warmingc - To ensure proper utilization of resources without damage. To sustain human life since it wholly dependent on the resources for survivial. To preserve the asthetic value such as landscape and vegetation of her environment. To protect the endangered species of plants and animals.8.a - Management of environment refer to the effective planning and control of theprocesses that could harm the environment while.- Conservation of environment refers to the protection and presentation of naturalresources from destruction wastage or loss.b - For sustenance of human life. To protect endangered species. For aesthetic value. To interlize natural resourcesFor future generations. To preserve cultural heritage.c - Gases from factories corrode roofs of houses. Some poisonous gases lead to earth to form acid rain which is harmful to life. Smog and smoke reduce visibility which way lead to road air accidents.d i - Control soil erosionRegular inspection of factoriesSetting up recycling plants. Treatment of sewage. Managing garbage collect and disposal well. Use of unleaded fuelProper legislation. Ii - Age of the populationSocial economic status of the population. Culture of the people.9.a - Pollution is the contamination of the environment with substances which are harmful or - poisonous to human, plants and animal life.b - Land Soil Ground pollution. Water pollutionNoise pollution.10.a - FloodingLighteningPests diseasesHailstormsDusts stormsLandslidesPollutionSoil erosionfire.


1373.10CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 313 3.10.1 Christian Religious Education Paper 1 313 1 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com1383.10.2 Christian Religious Education Paper 2 313 2 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


A Explain the role of prophets in the Old Testament. 6 marks 4. A Explain the role of prophets in the Old Testament. 6 marks b State b State sevenseven ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the time of Prophet Amos. 7 marks ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the time of Prophet Amos. 7 marks c In what ways is the Church in Kenya promoting justice in the society. 7 marks c In what ways is the Church in Kenya promoting justice in the society. 7 marks 5. A Outline 5. A Outline sevenseven problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem. 7 marks problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem. 7 marks b Explain the significance of the symbolic act of buying land by prophet Jeremiah. 6 marks b Explain the significance of the symbolic act of buying land by prophet Jeremiah. 6 marks c State c State sevenseven relevance of prophet Jeremiah s suffering to Christians today. 7 marks relevance of prophet Jeremiah s suffering to Christians today. 7 marks 6. A Explain the importance of rituals performed during a naming ceremony in Traditional African 6. A Explain the importance of rituals performed during a naming ceremony in Traditional African communities. 7marks communities. 7marks b What is the responsibility of the living towards the ancestors in traditional African Communities? B What is the responsibility of the living towards the ancestors in traditional African Communities? 7 marks 7 marks c State c State sixsix factors that undermine the role of medicine men in Kenya today. 6 marks factors that undermine the role of medicine men in Kenya today. 6 marks MECS CLUSTER JOINT EXAMINATION MECS CLUSTER JOINT EXAMINATION FORM FOUR, 2023 FORM FOUR, 2023 313 2 CRE PAPER 2 TIME: 2 Hours 1. A Outline Isaiah s prophecy concerning the role of Messiah according to Isaiah 61:1-2. 6marks b Describe the incidence when Jesus accompanied his parents for the Passover in Jerusalem at the age of 12 years. 7marks c Explain seven importance of singing in a Christian service. 7marks 2. A Outline seven teachings of John the Baptism about Jesus.


7marks c Explain seven importance of singing in a Christian service. 7marks 2. A Outline seven teachings of John the Baptism about Jesus. 7marks b Outline the incidence in which Jesus raised Jairus daughter. Luke 8:40-56 . 7marks c How is the church in Kenya healing the sick? 6 marks 3. A Narrate the parable of the good Samaritan Luke 10:25-27 7marks b Outline six accusations that were made against Jesus during the trial. Luke 22:66-23:1-3 . 6marks c State seven ways of how Christians are being persecuted today. 7mks 4. A Outline seven teachings about Jesus from Peter s message on the day of Pentecost. 7 marks b Explain the unity of believers as expressed in the concept of the Church. Ephesians 5:21-32 . 8marks c Outline the role played by the youth in the church today. 5marks 5. A Identify five sources of Christians Ethics. 5mks b Outline eight causes of homosexuality in Kenya today. 8mks c Give reasons why the church is involved in the fight against HIV and Aids. 7mks 6. A Give six advantages of a monogamous marriage. 6mks b State seven similarities in the Traditional African and Christians view on work. 7mks c State seven consequences of denying employees rest. 7mks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 11 LUGARI SUB-COUNTY EXAMINATION, 2023. Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 313 1 CRE PAPER 1 TIME: 2 HOURS 1. A Explain seven reasons why the use of the bible is central in the study of C.R.E. 7mks b Explain effects of sin from the fall of human beings in Genesis 3: 7- 23 6mks c Explain factors hindering Christians to carry out effective evangelization in Kenya? 7mks 2. A Identity how Abraham demonstrated his acts of faith in God.


7mks b Identify the teaching of John the Baptist. 7mks c Give six reasons why children should take part in church activities. 6mks 2. A Outline Jesus teaching on watchfulness and readiness Luke 12: 35-48 . 7mks b Describe the parable of the Good Samaritan Luke 10: 29-39 . 8mks c Give five reasons why some Christians find it difficult to help the needy. 5mks 3. A Give seven reasons why it was necessary for Jesus to have the last supper with his disciples. 7mks b Describe how Jesus revealed himself to the two men going to Emmaus. 6mks c List seven reasons why Jesus appeared to His disciples after resurrection. 7mks 4. A Explain the gifts of the Holy Spirit as taught by Saint Paul. 7mks b Explain the New Testament teaching on the people of God? 6mks c State seven causes of disunity in the church in Kenya today. 7mks 5. A State seven ways in which self-employment is important in Kenya today? 7mks b Outline seven factors that may lead to miss use of leisure. 7mks c What is the role of the church in promoting self-employment? 6mks 6. A Outline the traditional African concept of wealth. 6mks b Give eight reasons why corruption is wide spread in Kenya today? 8mks c Explain six ways the church is using to eradicate poverty in Kenya. 6mks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 20 CEKENAS I, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 TIME: 2 HOURS 1. A Give the traditional African understanding of creation 7mks b Identify SEVEN teachings on the relationship between human beings and the environment from the Genesis stories of creation 7mks c Give six reasons why the Bible reading is important to Christians 6mks 2.


8mks c Explain six ways the church is using to eradicate poverty in Kenya. 6mks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 20 CEKENAS I, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 TIME: 2 HOURS 1. A Give the traditional African understanding of creation 7mks b Identify SEVEN teachings on the relationship between human beings and the environment from the Genesis stories of creation 7mks c Give six reasons why the Bible reading is important to Christians 6mks 2. A Explain the importance of God s covenant with Abraham 7mks b Outline conditions that the Israelites were given by God during the renewal of the Sinai covenant Exodus 34:10-26 7mks c Give challenges Christians face while practicing their faith in God in Kenya today 6mks 3. A Identify ways in which King Jeroboam contributed to religious schism between Judah and Israel 7mks b Outline reasons why Elijah faced danger and hostility as a prophet of God 7mks c Give six lessons that a Christian can learn about social injustices from the story of Naboth s vineyard 6mks 4. A Give six titles given to the prophets in the Old Testament 6mks b Outline ways in which the Israelites practiced hypocrisy in religion during the time of Prophet Amos 7mks c Give SEVEN ways through which Christians fight hypocrisy in the church today. 7mks 5. A Outline the stages followed in the renewal of the covenant during the time of Nehemiah 8mks b Give six reasons why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah 6mks c What lessons do Christians learn from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemiah? 6mks 6.


7mks 5. A Outline the stages followed in the renewal of the covenant during the time of Nehemiah 8mks b Give six reasons why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah 6mks c What lessons do Christians learn from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemiah? 6mks 6. A State six ways through which human beings communicate with the spirit world in T.A.S 6mks b Outline why divorce was rare in Traditional African communities 7mks c Give seven consequences of breaking taboos in traditional African Communities 7mks CEKENAS I, 2023 313 2 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 TIME: 2 HOURS 1. A Outline Jeremiah s prophecies about the Messiah Jeremiah 23:5-6 7mks b What was angel Gabriel s message about John to Zechariah during the annunciation? Luke 1:13-17. 7mks c State six lessons Christians learn from the lives of Zechariah and Elizabeth 6mks 2. A Describe the healing of the Gerasene Demoniac in Luke 8:26-39 8mks b State six characteristics of true discipleship from the sermon on the plain. 6mks c Identify ways through which Christians can show concern for the sick 6mks 3. A Outline the message delivered by Jesus during the last supper 8mks b Give six reasons why Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus 6mks c Why should Christians take part in the Lord s Supper? 6mks 4. A How are the gifts of the Holy Spirit misused in the church today? 6mks b Identify four teachings of Saint Paul on the similarities between the church and husband-wife relationship 8mks c Outline six activities that the church engages in to demonstrate their love for others in the society today 6mks 5.


6mks 4. A How are the gifts of the Holy Spirit misused in the church today? 6mks b Identify four teachings of Saint Paul on the similarities between the church and husband-wife relationship 8mks c Outline six activities that the church engages in to demonstrate their love for others in the society today 6mks 5. A Outline the Christian teaching on marriage 8mks b Identify six ways in which responsible parenthood is demonstrated by Christians today 6mks c Give six ways in which the church is helping to solve the problem of domestic violence in Kenya today 6mks 6. A Identify seven reasons why people work 7mks b Give seven factors that a Christian employer should consider to determine a just wage. 7mks c Write down consequences of denying employees rest 6mks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 29 BOKAKE FORM FOUR FORM FOUR CLUSTER EXAMS, 2023, 2023 313 1 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 PAPER 1 TIME: 2 Hours TIME: 2 Hours 1. A State six similarities found in both Biblical and traditional African views on creation. 6 marks b Outline the responsibilities given to human beings by God from the biblical creation stories in Genesis 1 and 2. 6 marks c Identify eight ways in which people in traditional African communities take care of God s Creation 8 marks 2. A Describe the incidence when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac Genesis 22:1-19 . 6 marks b Give four differences between the Jewish and traditional African practice of circumcision. 8 marks c State six ways in which Christians identify themselves in the society today. 6 marks 3. A Identify seven characteristics of the Canaanite religion. 7 marks b State the challenges faced by Elijah during his prophetic ministry in Israel. 6 marks c Give seven ways in which Christians fight corruption today. 7 marks 4. A Identify ways in which Israelites disobeyed God in the time of Prophet Amos. 6 marks b Outline the teaching of prophet Amos on Israel election.


7 marks 4. A Identify ways in which Israelites disobeyed God in the time of Prophet Amos. 6 marks b Outline the teaching of prophet Amos on Israel election. 7 marks c Give ways in which the church is promoting social justice in Kenya today. 7 marks 5. A Outline the suffering of prophet Jeremiah during his ministry. 6 marks b Identify seven occasions when Nehemiah prayed. 7 marks c State the importance of prayer in the life of a Christian. 7 marks 6. A Explain the significance of rituals conducted during the naming ceremonies in traditional African communities. 7 marks b Which moral values were acquired during marriage in traditional African communities? 7 marks c Give reasons why traditional African feared death. 6 marks BOKAKE FORM FOUR FORM FOUR CLUSTER EXAMS, 2023, 2023 313 1 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 PAPER 1 TIME: 2 Hours TIME: 2 Hours 1 a . State six Jewish expectations of the messiah 6mks b With reference to the incident when Jesus was dedicated to God, outline what Simeon and Anna revealed about His life and mission Luke 2:22-40 7mks c Identify reasons why children are dedicated to God at an early age. 7mks 2 a Explain Jesus teachings on the qualities of true discipleship Luke6:27-49 6mks b Relate the incident in which Jesus raised widow s son in Nain Luke 7:11-17 8mks c Give six ways the church is continuing with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ.


6 marks BOKAKE FORM FOUR FORM FOUR CLUSTER EXAMS, 2023, 2023 313 1 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 PAPER 1 TIME: 2 Hours TIME: 2 Hours 1 a . State six Jewish expectations of the messiah 6mks b With reference to the incident when Jesus was dedicated to God, outline what Simeon and Anna revealed about His life and mission Luke 2:22-40 7mks c Identify reasons why children are dedicated to God at an early age. 7mks 2 a Explain Jesus teachings on the qualities of true discipleship Luke6:27-49 6mks b Relate the incident in which Jesus raised widow s son in Nain Luke 7:11-17 8mks c Give six ways the church is continuing with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ. 6mks 3 a Outline seven instructions that Jesus gave to seventy two disciples when He sent them on a mission Luke10:1-24 7mks b Describe the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector Luke 18:9-14 7mks c Give any six reasons why a Christian should pray 6mks 4 a State the teachings of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit 7mks b Outline ways in which Christians can identify those who are led by the Holy Spirit among themselves. 6mks c How are the gifts of the Holy Spirit manifested in the church in Kenya today 7mks 5 a Outline St.


7mks 2 a Explain Jesus teachings on the qualities of true discipleship Luke6:27-49 6mks b Relate the incident in which Jesus raised widow s son in Nain Luke 7:11-17 8mks c Give six ways the church is continuing with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ. 6mks 3 a Outline seven instructions that Jesus gave to seventy two disciples when He sent them on a mission Luke10:1-24 7mks b Describe the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector Luke 18:9-14 7mks c Give any six reasons why a Christian should pray 6mks 4 a State the teachings of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit 7mks b Outline ways in which Christians can identify those who are led by the Holy Spirit among themselves. 6mks c How are the gifts of the Holy Spirit manifested in the church in Kenya today 7mks 5 a Outline St. Paul s teachings on love 1corinthians 13 7mks b Explain the teachings of Peter concerning the people of God 1peter 2:9-10 6mks c State ways in which Christians can prevent divisions in the church in Kenya today 7mks 6 a Identify the main sources of Christian ethics 6mks b Explain Christian teaching on human sexuality 8mks c How is the church helping the youth to deal with the temptation of pre-marital sex 6mks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 39 KIGUMO FORM FOUR EXAM, 2023 FORM FOUR EXAM, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Paper 1 Time: 2 Hours 1. A Show seven ways in which the study of CRE promotes economic development. 7 mks b From the creation stories outline seven activities performed by God in the second creation account. 7mks c State six Ways in which people in the traditional African Society take care of God s creation. 6mks 2.


7 mks b From the creation stories outline seven activities performed by God in the second creation account. 7mks c State six Ways in which people in the traditional African Society take care of God s creation. 6mks 2. A Explain the importance of Gods covenant with Abraham 7 mks b Give seven reasons why Moses was successful in leading the Israelites out of Egypt. 7 mks c What s the Importance of the Passover to the Israelites 6 mks 3. A Identify seven ways through which King Solomon fulfilled Samuel s prophecy 7 mks b Give six life skills one can apply to fight inter- denominational conflicts. 6 mks c Mention seven ways that may influence some Christians to turn away from God. 7mks 4. A Explain five categories of true prophets in the Old Testament 5 mks b Outline eight teaching of prophet Amos on the day of the lord. 8 mks c State seven ways in which Christians can avoid God s punishment. 7 mks 5. A Describe the content of Prophet Jeremiah s letter to exiles in Babylon. 7 mks b Describe the stages followed in the renewal of the covenant during the time of Nehemiah 6 mks c List seven moral values that a Christian can acquire from the life of prophet Jeremiah. 7mks 6. A Mention seven places of worship in the traditional African communities 7 mks b Give seven reasons as to why killing was condemned in the traditional African community. 7 mks c Give six factors that have affected kinship systems in the traditional African communities today. 6 mks KIGUMO FORM FOUR EXAM, 2023 FORM FOUR EXAM, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Paper 1 Time: 2 Hours 1. A State the Psalmist s prophecies concerning the messiah Psalms 41:9,110:1-7 7mks b What did Prophet Simeon and Anna the prophetess reveal about the life and mission of Jesus during dedication?


7 mks c Give six factors that have affected kinship systems in the traditional African communities today. 6 mks KIGUMO FORM FOUR EXAM, 2023 FORM FOUR EXAM, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION Paper 1 Time: 2 Hours 1. A State the Psalmist s prophecies concerning the messiah Psalms 41:9,110:1-7 7mks b What did Prophet Simeon and Anna the prophetess reveal about the life and mission of Jesus during dedication? 7mks c Identify seven reasons why Christians present gifts to knew born babies 6mks 2. A Describe the parable of the sower Lk.8:4-15 8mks b Give five instructions that Jesus gave to the twelve disciples when he sent them on a mission 5mks c Identify seven Ways in which the church in Kenya is continuing with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ. 7mks 3. A Narrate the incident when Jesus healed a blind beggar near Jericho. Lk.18:35-43 8mks b Describe how Jesus revealed himself to the two men going to Emmaus Lk.24:13-31 7mks c Give reasons why Christians should be discouraged from taking part in mob justice. 5mks 4 a Outline Jesus teaching about the role of the Holy Spirit. 7mks b Explain the teaching of Peter concerning the people of God 1st Peter 2:9-10 7mks c State six factors that hinder effective cooperation among Christians in Kenya today 6mks 5 a Give seven similarities between the Traditional African view of work and Christian view of work 7mks b Mention six duties and responsibilities of an employer 6mks c Outline reasons why Christians condemn idleness in the modern society. 7mks 6 a Give seven reasons why Christians are opposed to Euthanasia. 7mks b Identify six negative effects of deforestation 6mks c Outline seven ways in which Christians can conserve the environment.


7mks b Explain the teaching of Peter concerning the people of God 1st Peter 2:9-10 7mks c State six factors that hinder effective cooperation among Christians in Kenya today 6mks 5 a Give seven similarities between the Traditional African view of work and Christian view of work 7mks b Mention six duties and responsibilities of an employer 6mks c Outline reasons why Christians condemn idleness in the modern society. 7mks 6 a Give seven reasons why Christians are opposed to Euthanasia. 7mks b Identify six negative effects of deforestation 6mks c Outline seven ways in which Christians can conserve the environment. 7mks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 48 MWAKICAN FORM 4 JOINT EXAMINATION, 2023 KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION C.R.E PP1 TIME: 2 HOURS Answer any five questions 1. A Explain how the study of Christian Religious Education in secondary schools promotes national unity 7mks b Identify four differences between the African concept of evil and biblical concept of sin 8mks c State five ways in which human beings fail to carry out responsibilities given to them by God at creation 5mks 2. A Give six reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant they had made with God while at Mount Sinai 6mks b Identify eight conditions that God gave the Israelites during the renewal of the Sinai covenant 8mks c State ways in which Christians show respect to their leaders 6mks 3. A Identify seven characteristics of the Canaanite religion 7mks b Outline five ways in which God revealed himself to the Israelites during the time of Elijah. 5mks c State reasons that may influence some to turn away from God 8mks 4. A Identify six characteristics of false prophets in the old Testament 6mks b State seven teachings of prophet Amos on social justices and responsibility 7mks c How is the church promoting social justice in Kenya today? 7mks 5.


5mks c State reasons that may influence some to turn away from God 8mks 4. A Identify six characteristics of false prophets in the old Testament 6mks b State seven teachings of prophet Amos on social justices and responsibility 7mks c How is the church promoting social justice in Kenya today? 7mks 5. A Describe the stages followed by Nehemiah during the renewal of the covenant 7mks b Give reasons why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah 7mks c State six lessons Christians learn from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemiah 6mks 6. A State ways in which people in Traditional African communities communicated with God 5mks b Give eight reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional African communities 8mks c Outline reasons why witchcraft is feared in Traditional African community 7mks MWAKICAN FORM 4 JOINT EXAMINATION, 2023 KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION C.R.E PP2 TIME: 2 HOURS Answer any five questions 1. A Outline Isaiah s prophecy about the messiah on the suffering servant in Isaiah 53. 8mks . B Describe the message of angel Gabriel to Mary according to Luke 1:26-38 6mks c Outline six lessons on family relationships drawn from the incident when Jesus accompanied his parents to the temple at the age of twelve 6mks 2. A Explain seven teachings of John the Baptist in the wilderness in Luke 3:1 - 20. 7 marks b Describe the healing of the epileptic boy in Luke 9:37 - 43. 7 marks c What do Christians learn about Jesus from the feeding of the five thousand in 6 marks 3. A Identify six signs of end times. 6mks b Describe the celebration of the Lord s Supper as found in Luke 22:14 - 23. 7mks c Identify seven importance of the Last Supper to Christians today. 7mks 4. A State the teaching of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit. 7mks b Identify seven characteristics of the people of God in the New Testament.


7mks 4. A State the teaching of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit. 7mks b Identify seven characteristics of the people of God in the New Testament. 7mks c Outline ways in which Christians promote unity in Kenya today. 6mks 5. A Explain the Christian teaching on responsible sexual behavior. 8mks b State the ways used by traditional Communities to prevent pre-marital sex among the youth. 5mks c What are the effects of HIV AIDS on Kenyans families today? 7marks 6. A Give seven reasons why it is necessary that a Christian should work. 7mks b State the role of professional ethics and ethos in a work place. 6mks c What is the purpose of leisure to the life of a Christian? 7mks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 57 MOKASA EXAMINATIONS 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 TIME: 2 HOURS 1 a Explain how the study of C.R.E shapes the moral life of a student 7mks . B Identify seven reasons why church leaders in Kenya take vows before starting their mission 7mks . C Give six ways through which a Christian can avoid sin 6mks . 2 a Describe the incident in which Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac 8mks . B Identify seven ways in which God prepared Moses for his future leadership task 7mks . C Give five reasons why Christians are commanded not to steal 5mks . 3 a Identify seven roles of Samuel as a judge in Israel 7mks . B State seven promises that were given to King David through Prophet Nathan 7mks . C What lessons can modern political leaders learn from King David? 6mks . 4 a State the importance of prophets in Israel 7mks . B Outline seven forms of punishment prophesied by Amos to Israel and Judah 7mks . C State the relevance of Amos teaching on Israel s election to Christians today 6mks . 5 a Explain four symbolic actions related to hope and restoration as demonstrated by prophet Jeremiah 8mks .


7 marks 2. A Describe the incident when Jesus calmed the storm Luke 8:22-25 8 marks b Give seven reasons why Jesus used parables in his teachings. 7 marks c State five lessons about Jesus from the incident when he calmed the storm. 5 marks 3 a Relate the parable of the shrewd manager Luke 16:1-13 7 marks b Identify seven areas of conflict between Jesus and religious leaders in Jerusalem 7 marks c State six ways in which people misuse their wealth today 6 marks 4 a Explain peters teachings on the characteristics of the people of God 1 peter 2:9-10 7marks b Give ways in which the use of the gifts of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the church of Corinth 7marks c Identify six ways in which the fruit of kindness has been abused in Kenya today 6marks 5 a Outline the measures taken in traditional African communities to discourage pregnancy before marriage 7marks b State seven similarities between the Christian and the traditional African marriage 7marks c State the challenges that children from single parent families face in Kenya 6marks 6 a State seven ways of acquiring wealth in Traditional African Societies 7marks b State Jesus teachings on wealth 7marks c Give six reasons why Christians should condemn bribery and corruption in society 6marks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 66 SUKELLEMO JOINT EXAMS, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 TIME: 2 HOURS Instructions: This paper consists of six questions. Answer any five questions. Answer completely the questions chosen. 1. A Give reasons why the Bible is considered as the word of God. 7 marks b Outline the translation of the Bible from the original language to local languages. 8 marks c Identify five ways in which the Bible is misused in Kenya today. 5 marks 2. A Describe the incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac. 6 marks b Give eight similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practice of circumcision.


5 marks 2. A Describe the incident when Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac. 6 marks b Give eight similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practice of circumcision. 8 marks c State six reasons why church leaders take vows before starting their missions 6 marks 3. A Explain seven ways used by King David to promote the worship of Yahweh in Israel. 7 marks b With reference to 1st King 21: 17-29, give the forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Queen Jezebel. 7 marks c What lessons can Christians learn about social justice from the story of Naboth s vineyard? 6 marks 4. A Identify reasons why God sent prophets to Israel. 7 marks b Outline the teaching of Prophet Amos on the remnant and restoration. 7 marks c State six reasons why Christians are encouraged to repent their sins. 6 marks 5. A State the evils condemned by Prophet Jeremiah during the temple sermon. 6 marks b Explain the circumstances that led the Israelites to be taken to exile in Babylon during the time of Prophet Jeremiah. 8 marks c Give six lessons Christians learn from Prophet Jeremiah s temple sermon. 6 marks 6. A Identify regulations that an expectant mother is required to observe in Traditional African Communities. 7 marks b Give seven reasons why sacrifices are made in African Traditional societies. 7 marks c Outline reasons why witchcraft is feared in Traditional African Communities. 6 marks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 67 SUKELLEMO JOINT EXAMS, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2TIME: 2 HOURS Instructions: This paper consists of six questions. Answer any five questions. Answer completely the questions chosen.


6 marks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 67 SUKELLEMO JOINT EXAMS, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2TIME: 2 HOURS Instructions: This paper consists of six questions. Answer any five questions. Answer completely the questions chosen. 1. A State six similarities in the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ 6marks b Basing your answer on infancy narrative in luke1:40-56 describe what happened when Mary visitedElizabeth 8marks c Outline six lessons Christians learn about family relationship from the incident when Jesusaccompanied his parents for the Passover festival 6marks 2. A With reference to the sermon on the plain, state six teachings of Jesus on how human beings should relate to one another 6marks b Describe the incident in which Jesus calmed the storm Luke 8: 22 - 25 . 8marks c Give the lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus. 6marks 3. A Give reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in his teaching 6marks b With the reference to the story of rich man and Lazarus, explain teaching of Jesus on proper use ofwealth Luke 16 :19-31 7marks c Give seven ways in which Christians prepare for the second coming of Jesus 7marks 4. A Outline what peter said about Jesus on the day of Pentecost 6marks b Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the body of Christ. 8marks c State six factors that hinder effective cooperation among Christians today 6marks 5. A Outline six Similarities between the Traditional African and Christian view onHuman sexuality 6marks b Give six effects of divorce on children in Kenya today 6marks c Identify eight ways in which the Church is helping to solve the problem of domestic violence inKenya today.


Answer any five questions. Answer completely the questions chosen. 1. A State six similarities in the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ 6marks b Basing your answer on infancy narrative in luke1:40-56 describe what happened when Mary visitedElizabeth 8marks c Outline six lessons Christians learn about family relationship from the incident when Jesusaccompanied his parents for the Passover festival 6marks 2. A With reference to the sermon on the plain, state six teachings of Jesus on how human beings should relate to one another 6marks b Describe the incident in which Jesus calmed the storm Luke 8: 22 - 25 . 8marks c Give the lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus. 6marks 3. A Give reasons why Jesus used the parable of the lost son in his teaching 6marks b With the reference to the story of rich man and Lazarus, explain teaching of Jesus on proper use ofwealth Luke 16 :19-31 7marks c Give seven ways in which Christians prepare for the second coming of Jesus 7marks 4. A Outline what peter said about Jesus on the day of Pentecost 6marks b Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the body of Christ. 8marks c State six factors that hinder effective cooperation among Christians today 6marks 5. A Outline six Similarities between the Traditional African and Christian view onHuman sexuality 6marks b Give six effects of divorce on children in Kenya today 6marks c Identify eight ways in which the Church is helping to solve the problem of domestic violence inKenya today. 8marks 6. A outline eight ways through which Christians demonstrate responsible parenthood 8marks b Outline the importance of professional codes of Ethics. 6marks c State six reasons why Christians condemn idleness 6marks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 76 IGAMBA NG'OMBE 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER ONE 2 HOURS Instructions: This paper consists of six questions. Answer any five questions. Answer completely the questions chosen. 1.


Answer any five questions. Answer completely the questions chosen. 1. A Give reasons why the Bible is referred to as a Library. 6 marks b Describe the translation of the Bible from the original languages to local languages. 8 marks c State SIX ways in which the Bible is used to spread the gospel. 6 marks 2. A Describe the covenant ceremony between God and Abraham Gen 15:1-19 . 6 marks b Explain four characteristics of the covenant demonstrated in the covenant between God and Abraham. 8 marks c Identify five examples of covenant made in Kenya today. 5 marks 3. A Explain the failures of King Saul as the King of Israel. 6 marks b Describe how Elijah fought against corruption among the people of Israel. 6 marks c Outline ways in which the church and certain individuals are fighting for social justice in modern society. 6 marks 4. A Explain how prophetic messages were written. 6 marks b Outline the characteristics of the false prophets in the Old Testament. 7 marks c Highlight seven ways in which Christians practice hypocrisy today. 7 marks 5. A Explain different occasions when Nehemiah prayed. 8 marks b Outline the problems that Nehemiah encountered in the rebuilding of the wall of Jerusalem. 7 marks c What is the importance of prayer in the life of a Christian today? 6 marks 6. A How did the aged in Traditional African Communities prepare their family members before they die? 7 marks b State the Traditional African Understanding of the spirits. 5 marks c What is the responsibility of the living towards the ancestors in Traditional African Communities? 8 marks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 77 IGAMBA NG'OMBE 313 2 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER TWO 2 HOURS Instructions: This paper consists of six questions. Answer any five questions. Answer completely the questions chosen. 1. A Outline Nathans prophecy about the Messiah 2 Sam 7:3-17 . 7 marks b What do Christians learn about the person and mission of John the Baptist from the message of angel Gabriel to Zechariah 7 marks c How should a Christian couple respond to the problem of childlessness? 7 marks 2.


A Outline Nathans prophecy about the Messiah 2 Sam 7:3-17 . 7 marks b What do Christians learn about the person and mission of John the Baptist from the message of angel Gabriel to Zechariah 7 marks c How should a Christian couple respond to the problem of childlessness? 7 marks 2. A Outline what Jesus said about John the Baptist to his Disciples 6 marks b Describe the person of Jesus and His Destiny according to Luke 9: 18-27 7 marks c Give the lessons that Christians learn from the transfiguration of Jesus. 7 marks 3. A With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the teaching of Jesus on the proper use of wealth. Luke 16:19-31 7 marks b Outline six signs of the end times as taught by Jesus Luke 21:5-38 6 marks c Give seven ways in which Christians are preparing themselves for the second coming of Jesus Christ. 7 marks 4. A Explain how unity of believers is expressed in the image of the bride. 6 marks b State the fruits of the Holy Spirit according to Galatians 5: 22-23 8 marks c Explain six ways in which the gift of the Holy Spirit can be abused in the church today 6 marks 5. A What are the similarities between the Christians and African traditional understanding of human sexuality 6 marks b Identify seven sources of Christian ethics 7 marks c Give reasons why Christians in Kenya condemn homosexuality 7 marks 6. A Give ways through which wealth is acquired today. 7 marks b Outline reasons why Christians support blood transfusion and organ transplant 6 marks c Explain reasons why deforestation is rampant in Kenya today 7 marks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 87 MURANG A SOUTH, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 TIME: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES Answer any five questions. 1. A Give seven reasons why the Bible is referred to as a Library.


7 marks b Outline reasons why Christians support blood transfusion and organ transplant 6 marks c Explain reasons why deforestation is rampant in Kenya today 7 marks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 87 MURANG A SOUTH, 2023 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 TIME: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES Answer any five questions. 1. A Give seven reasons why the Bible is referred to as a Library. 7 marks b Outline seven teachings about human beings from the genesis stories of creation 7 marks c State ways in which Christian cares for God s creation today 6 marks 2. A State six characteristics of the covenant between God and Abraham. 6 marks b Describe how the Israelites broke the covenant they had made with God at Mount Sinai Exodus 32: l-30 8 marks c Identify six challenges that Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya today 6 marks 3. A State seven Ways which show that king Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life. 7 marks b Outline conditions that made it difficult for Prophet Elijah to stop idolatry in Israel. 6 marks c Identify seven qualities of Prophet Elijah that a Christian leader should possess. 7 marks 4. A State seven characteristics of false prophets in the Old Testament. 7 marks b Describe Prophet Amos teaching about the day of the Lord. 7 marks c Give six ways through which a Christians can assist the church leaders to perform their duties effectively 6 marks 5. A Explain four symbolic acts used by prophet Jeremiah to demonstrate God s judgment and punishment to the Israelites 8 marks b Outline the final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the worship of God in Judah 7 marks c Give five ways through which Christians settle disagreements among themselves. 5 marks 6.


7 marks c Give six ways through which a Christians can assist the church leaders to perform their duties effectively 6 marks 5. A Explain four symbolic acts used by prophet Jeremiah to demonstrate God s judgment and punishment to the Israelites 8 marks b Outline the final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the worship of God in Judah 7 marks c Give five ways through which Christians settle disagreements among themselves. 5 marks 6. A List seven duties of diviners in traditional African communities 7 marks b Outline practices in Traditional African communities that show their belief in life after death 7 marks c Give six reasons why disputes over land were rare in traditional African communities 6 marks MURANG A SOUTH, 2023 313 2 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 2 TIME: 2 HOURS 30 MINUTES Answer any five questions. 1. A Outline Nathan s prophecies concerning the messiah 2 Samuel 7: 12-17. 7 marks b Give seven differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus Christ. 7 marks c State ways in which Christians show their appreciation to God s favor. 6 marks 2. A Identify six reasons why Jesus chose the twelve disciples. 6 marks b Describe the incident in which Jesus healed the demonic man in Gerasene Lk 8:26-39 8 marks c Give six ways through which the church continues with the healing ministry of Jesus. 6marks 3. A Outline Jesus teachings on watchfulness and readiness Luke: 12: 35-48 7 marks b Identify seven signs of the end times as taught by Jesus Luke 21: 7-19 7 marks c Give six reasons why Christians should have faith in God. 6 marks 4. A Explain the teachings of Peter concerning the people of God. 1Peter 2:1-6 . 6 marks b State six ways in which the Holy Spirit was manifested on the day of Pentecost. 6 marks c Give eight causes of disunity among the Christians in Kenya today. 8 marks 5. A Outline seven importances of the professional codes of ethics. 7 marks b State seven Christian teaching on marriage.


8 marks 5. A Outline seven importances of the professional codes of ethics. 7 marks b State seven Christian teaching on marriage. 7 marks c Give six reasons why virginity is encouraged in both African communities and Christianity. 6 marks 6. A Give seven reasons why laws are important in Kenya. 7 marks b State seven reasons why bribery and corruption is widespread in Kenya today. 7 marks c Outline ways in which people misuse wealth in Kenya today 6 marks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 96 CEKENAS II, 2023 FORM FOUR EXAMINATION Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education K.C.S.E 313 1 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER ONE TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES This paper consist of six questions. Each question carries 20 marks 1. A Identify seven reasons why the Bible is considered the word of God. 7marks b State reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by early Christians. 6marks c Give seven versions of the Bible used in Kenya today. 7marks 2. A Describe the call of Abraham 8marks b Give seven similarities between the Jewish and the African Traditional practice of circumcision 7marks c Identify the challenges that Christians face while practising their faith 6marks 3. A State seven characteristics of the Canaanite religion 7marks b State seven factors which led to the widespread of idolatry in Israel during the time of Prophet Elijah 7marks c State six challenges faced by church leaders in carrying but their work. 6marks 4. A State the teachings of prophet Amos on the Day of the Lord 7marks b Give seven reasons why prophet Amos was against the way the Israelites worshipped God. 7marks c Identify ways in which the church in Kenya is promoting justice in the society 6marks 5. A Outline the measures taken by Nehemiah to restore the Jewish community after the completion of the wall of Jerusalem 8marks b State six reasons why Nehemiah introduced the policy of separation of Jews from foreigners 6marks c State six importance of prayer in the life of a Christian 6marks 6.


A State the teachings of prophet Amos on the Day of the Lord 7marks b Give seven reasons why prophet Amos was against the way the Israelites worshipped God. 7marks c Identify ways in which the church in Kenya is promoting justice in the society 6marks 5. A Outline the measures taken by Nehemiah to restore the Jewish community after the completion of the wall of Jerusalem 8marks b State six reasons why Nehemiah introduced the policy of separation of Jews from foreigners 6marks c State six importance of prayer in the life of a Christian 6marks 6. A Identify seven responsibilities of living towards the ancestors in traditional African communities 7marks b Give seven reasons why oaths were administered in traditional African communities 7marks c State six factors that have affected the traditional African people s dependence on God 6marks www.freekcsepapstpaers.comPage 97 CEKENAS II, 2023 FORM FOUR EXAMINATION Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education K.C.S.E 313 2 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER TWO TIME 2 hours INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES This paper consist of six questions. Each question carries 20 marks 1. A Explain ways in which Jesus fulfilled the Old Testament prophesies about the Messiah 7marks b State six differences between the annunciation of Jesus and John the Baptist. 6mark c Identify seven lessons Christians learn from the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist 7marks 2. A Describe the healing of the man with a withered hand in Luke 6:6-11. 7marks b With reference to the sermon on the plain. State Jesus teachings on how human beings should relate with one another. 7marks c Identify six ways through which the church in Kenya is continuing with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ. 6marks 3. A Describe the events that took place from time Jesus was arrested up to when he was sentenced to death. 7marks b Outline six Jesus teachings on the power of faith. 6marks c Give ways through which Christians demonstrate their faith in God. 7marks 4. A Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the bride.