2mks ii Quality of the ore 2mks iii Accessibility. 2mks c Describe how deep shaft mining method is used in extraction of minerals. 8mks d State two leading oil producing countries in the middle East. 2mks e State three uses of petroleum. 3mks 8. A i Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation. 2mks ii Give three ways in which the government is trying to rehabilitate overgrazed lands in Kenya. 3mks b Explain three conditions that favour irrigation farming in Kenya. 6mks c. i Name three polders that make up the zuiderzee reclamation project in the Netherlands. 3mks ii Describe the stages of reclamation of land from the sea in the Netherlands . 6mks d Your School intend to carry out a field study in Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme. I Identify the two types of hypothesis you would develop for the study. 2mks ii Give three reasons why you need to sample the area of study. 3mks 9. A i Distinguish between forestry and forest. 2mks ii Discuss the influence of the following factors on the distribution of natural forests. Climate. 2mks Human activities. 2mks Relief. 2mks b. Explain three measures which have been taken to manage forests in Kenya. 6mks c. Give the difference between the softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following headings i Species. 2mks ii Period of harvesting. 2mks iii Transportation. 2mks e. Your class intends to carry out a field study on exotic trees of Kenyan Highlands. I Name two types of exotic trees they are likely to observe. 2mks ii Identify three methods you will use to record data in the field. 3mks 10. A i State two effect of drought on wildlife in Kenya . 3mks ii Name two game ranches in Kenya. 2mks b State the significants of wildlife in Kenya. 4mks c i Differentiate between domestic and international tourisms.


4 marks c. Explain four ways in which sedimentary rocks are significant to the kenyan economy. 8 marks d. Students of school X were to study rocks around the school. I. Identify two methods they would use to classify the rocks around the school. 3 marks ii. Identify three follow up activities they would engage in. 3 marks iii. Give three advantages of studying rocks through fieldwork. 3 marks 9. A. i. What is soil catena. 2 marks ii. Name the main components of the soil. 3 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 205 b. Explain how the following factors influence soil formation -Time . 2 marks -Topography. 2 marks -Aspect. 2 marks c. Draw a well labelled diagram of mature soil . 6 marks d. Explain four ways in which human activities contribute to soil erosion. 8 marks 10. A. i. State three causes of earth movements. 3 marks ii. What is folding? 2 marks iii. Differentiate between a simple symmetrical fold from asymmetrical fold. 2 marks b. With the aid of a well labelled diagram describe the formation of an overthrust fold. 6 marks c. Students of school P are planning to carry out field study on a folded landscape. I. Identify three ways in which tho fold mountains they will come may be formed. 3 marks ii. State three ways in which they will prepare for the study. 3 marks iii. Give three reasons why they would require a work schedule. 3 marks MATHIRA WEST INTER-SCHOOL EVALUATION TEST 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 AUGUST 2023 SECTION A Answer All Questions in this Section 1. A What is domestic tourism? 2 Marks b State three factors that hinder domestic tourism in Kenya. 3 Marks 2. A Differentiate between visible trade and invisible trade 2 Marks b State three benefits that Kenya will get from the renewal of East African cooperation. 3 Marks 3. A What is a polder ? 2 Marks b List three benefits of the Zuyder Zee project. 3 Marks 4.


A What is a polder ? 2 Marks b List three benefits of the Zuyder Zee project. 3 Marks 4. State four efforts that the Kenya government is doing to reduce infant mortality 4 Marks 5. A State two advantages of using solar energy. 2 Marks b Study the Map of Africa provided to answer the question that follows. Name the hydroelectric power stations marked A, B, C, and D. 4 Marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 206 SECTION B Answer question 6 compulsory and any other 2 questions 6. Study the photograph below and use it to answer question a . A i Identify the type of photograph shown above. 1 Mark ii Describe the characteristics of the forest shown on the photograph. 4 Marks b Draw a rectangle measuring 15 cm by 10 cm. On it, sketch and label five main features shown onwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 207 the photograph. 5 Marks c i Name two indigenous softwood tree species in Kenya. 2 Marks ii Explain three problems facing forestry in Kenya. 6 Marks iii State three factors favouring the development of softwood forests in Canada. 3 Marks d Give four differences between softwood forests in Kenya and Canada. 4 Marks 7. A i What is a fossil fuel? 2 Marks ii List two fossil fuels that have recently been discovered in Kenya 2 Marks iii State three formations in which mineral ore occurs. 3Marks b Explain how the following factors influence mining i Value of the mineral 2 Marks ii Transport 2 Marks c i Describe how solution mining method is carried out. 5 Marks ii Give three negative effects of mining to the environment. 3 Marks d i Name two areas where diamond is mined in South Africa 2 Marks ii Describe how diamond is processed 4 Marks 8. A i Name two counties where coffee is grown in Kenya.


5 Marks ii Give three negative effects of mining to the environment. 3 Marks d i Name two areas where diamond is mined in South Africa 2 Marks ii Describe how diamond is processed 4 Marks 8.a i Name two counties where coffee is grown in Kenya. 2 Marks ii State four physical factors that favour coffee growing in Kenya 4 Marks b Describe the stages involved in coffee production from picking to marketing 6 Marks c i Define the term dairy cattle farming 2Marks ii Name three main breeds of dairy cattle reared in Kenya 3 Marks d Compare dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark under the following sub-heading. 8 Marks i Mechanization ii Grazing practice iii Milk processing iv Transportation of milk 9.a i What is urbanization? 2 Marks ii Outline four functional zones of an ideal urban centre. 4 Marks b State any three reasons that might lead to the development of nucleated settlement patterns. 3 Marks c i State four factors that have favoured the rapid growth of Thika town as an industrial centre. 4 Marks ii State any four functions of New York City. 4 Marks d Explain four problems facing urban centres in Kenya. 8 Marks 10.a i What is Environmental conservation. 2 Marks ii Name four environmental hazards. 4 Marks b You have recently been appointed the chief Environmental protection officer in Country of Nyeri. Outline four programmes you would initiate for the country to achieve its objectives of a clean Environment. 4 Marks c i Identify four measures that the government of Kenya has taken to control floods. 4 Marks ii Give three reasons you should conserve your environment. 3 Marks d Your Geography class undertook a field study on environmental pollution in a major urban centre in Kenya. I Name three types of pollution that you may have observed. 3 Marks ii Give three effects of pollution you may have identified. 3 Marks iii Give two methods of collecting data you may have used. 2 Marks.


115GEO PAPER 22011SECTION AAnswer all the questions in this section.1. A Name two exotic breeds of commercial beef cattle reared in Kenya. 2marks b Outline two similarities of commercial beef cattle farming in Kenya andArgentina. 2 marks 2. A Define the term fisheries. 2marks b State three ways in which marine fisheries in Kenya can be conserved. 3marks 3. Name two Prairie Provinces of Canada where wheat is grown on alarge scale. 2 marks Give three physical conditions that favour large scale wheat farming inthe prairieprovinces of Canada. 3marks 4. A State three reasons why paper milling industries are located near rivers. 3marks b Name three industries in Kenya that use agricultural non-foodproducts as rawFor More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com116materials. 3marks 5. A State three measures which the government of Kenya has taken toreduce infantmortality. 3marks b Give two negative effects of low population growth in a country. 2marks SECTION BAnswer question 6 and any other two questions from thissection. 6. 6.Study the photograph below and use it to answerquestionFor More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com117 a i What evidence shows that this is a ground general-view photograph? 2 marks ii Draw a rectangle measuring 12 cm by 8 cm. 1 mark iii On the rectangle, sketch and label the following features shown on thephotograph: planted crops 1 mark tree stumps 1 mark forest 1 mark felled trees 1 mark the sky. 1 mark iv Describe the characteristics of the forest shown on the photograph. 5 marks b Explain four measures being taken by the Government of Kenya to controlhumanencroachment on forested areas. 8 marks c Give the differences between softwood forests in Kenya and Canadaunder the following sub headings: i tree harvesting 2 marks ii marketing of forest products.


6. 6.Study the photograph below and use it to answerquestionFor More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com117 a i What evidence shows that this is a ground general-view photograph? 2 marks ii Draw a rectangle measuring 12 cm by 8 cm. 1 mark iii On the rectangle, sketch and label the following features shown on thephotograph: planted crops 1 mark tree stumps 1 mark forest 1 mark felled trees 1 mark the sky. 1 mark iv Describe the characteristics of the forest shown on the photograph. 5 marks b Explain four measures being taken by the Government of Kenya to controlhumanencroachment on forested areas. 8 marks c Give the differences between softwood forests in Kenya and Canadaunder the following sub headings: i tree harvesting 2 marks ii marketing of forest products. 2 marks 7.Use the map below to answer question a i and ii .For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com118Name i The rivers marked E, F and G. ii The human-made lakes markedH and J. iii Explain four measures which should be taken to improve inland watertransportin Africa. 8 marks State four ways in which communication contributes to economicdevelopment inKenya. 4 marks Explain four problems facing railway transport in Africa. A 3marks b c 8 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com1198. A i Give four factors common to Kenya and the Netherlands thathave favoured horticultural farming. 4 marks ii State three features of horticultural farming in the Netherlands. 3 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com120 b The table below shows the quantity and value of Kenya's horticultural exports betweenJune 2008 and June 2009.


2 marks ii Draw a rectangle measuring 12 cm by 8 cm. 1 mark iii On the rectangle, sketch and label the following features shown on thephotograph: planted crops 1 mark tree stumps 1 mark forest 1 mark felled trees 1 mark the sky. 1 mark iv Describe the characteristics of the forest shown on the photograph. 5 marks b Explain four measures being taken by the Government of Kenya to controlhumanencroachment on forested areas. 8 marks c Give the differences between softwood forests in Kenya and Canadaunder the following sub headings: i tree harvesting 2 marks ii marketing of forest products. 2 marks 7.Use the map below to answer question a i and ii .For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com118Name i The rivers marked E, F and G. ii The human-made lakes markedH and J. iii Explain four measures which should be taken to improve inland watertransportin Africa. 8 marks State four ways in which communication contributes to economicdevelopment inKenya. 4 marks Explain four problems facing railway transport in Africa. A 3marks b c 8 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com1198. A i Give four factors common to Kenya and the Netherlands thathave favoured horticultural farming. 4 marks ii State three features of horticultural farming in the Netherlands. 3 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com120 b The table below shows the quantity and value of Kenya's horticultural exports betweenJune 2008 and June 2009. Use it to answer question b .MonthQuantity metrictonnes Value Ksh inmillions June 200815,3003,480July15,6003,900August14,0004,000September14,9003,500October15,6004,000November14,7004,020December14,0004,000January 200915,9004,700February16,0004,100March17,5004,400April14,9003,700May15,1903,800June14,6003,600 i What was Kenya's total value of exports from horticulture between June 2008and June 2009? 2 marks ii Comment on the trend of the quantity of Kenya's horticultural exportsbetweenJune 2008 and June 2009. 3 marks iii Using the data provided, draw a simple line graph to represent thequantity ofKenya's horticultural exports. 5 marks Use a vertical scale of 1 cm to represent 500 metric tonnes. Explain four difficulties that farmers in Kenya experience in marketinghorticulturalproduce. 8 marks9.


2 marks 7.Use the map below to answer question a i and ii .For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com118Name i The rivers marked E, F and G. ii The human-made lakes markedH and J. iii Explain four measures which should be taken to improve inland watertransportin Africa. 8 marks State four ways in which communication contributes to economicdevelopment inKenya. 4 marks Explain four problems facing railway transport in Africa. A 3marks b c 8 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com1198. A i Give four factors common to Kenya and the Netherlands thathave favoured horticultural farming. 4 marks ii State three features of horticultural farming in the Netherlands. 3 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com120 b The table below shows the quantity and value of Kenya's horticultural exports betweenJune 2008 and June 2009. Use it to answer question b .MonthQuantity metrictonnes Value Ksh inmillions June 200815,3003,480July15,6003,900August14,0004,000September14,9003,500October15,6004,000November14,7004,020December14,0004,000January 200915,9004,700February16,0004,100March17,5004,400April14,9003,700May15,1903,800June14,6003,600 i What was Kenya's total value of exports from horticulture between June 2008and June 2009? 2 marks ii Comment on the trend of the quantity of Kenya's horticultural exportsbetweenJune 2008 and June 2009. 3 marks iii Using the data provided, draw a simple line graph to represent thequantity ofKenya's horticultural exports. 5 marks Use a vertical scale of 1 cm to represent 500 metric tonnes. Explain four difficulties that farmers in Kenya experience in marketinghorticulturalproduce. 8 marks9. A What is eco-tourism? 2marks b i Give four tourist attractions found at the coast of Kenya. 4 marks ii State five problems associated with tourism in Kenya.


Use it to answer question b .MonthQuantity metrictonnes Value Ksh inmillions June 200815,3003,480July15,6003,900August14,0004,000September14,9003,500October15,6004,000November14,7004,020December14,0004,000January 200915,9004,700February16,0004,100March17,5004,400April14,9003,700May15,1903,800June14,6003,600 i What was Kenya's total value of exports from horticulture between June 2008and June 2009? 2 marks ii Comment on the trend of the quantity of Kenya's horticultural exportsbetweenJune 2008 and June 2009. 3 marks iii Using the data provided, draw a simple line graph to represent thequantity ofKenya's horticultural exports. 5 marks Use a vertical scale of 1 cm to represent 500 metric tonnes. Explain four difficulties that farmers in Kenya experience in marketinghorticulturalproduce. 8 marks9. A What is eco-tourism? 2marks b i Give four tourist attractions found at the coast of Kenya. 4 marks ii State five problems associated with tourism in Kenya. 5 marks b State four ways in which game reserves are of benefit to the communitiesliving near them. For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com121 4 marks d Explain the differences between tourism in Kenya and Switzerland. 10marks 10. A Differentiate between a rural settlement and an urban centre. 2 marks b Explain how the following physical factors influence human settlement: i relief 6 marks ii climate. 4 marks Explain the causes of the following problems in urban centres in Kenya: i traffic congestion 4 marks ii environmental degradation. 4marks d i Name two towns in Kenya that started as agricultural collectioncentres. 2 marks ii Give three social functions of Kisumu town. 3marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


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THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL,Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education311 1 HISTORY AND PapertGOVERNMENTNov. 2019 - 2 hoursName Index Number .. Candidate's Signature ... Instructions to candidates a Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above. 0 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above. 6c . This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C. a Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions fromsection 6. E Answers must be written in the space provided at the end of question 24. F . This paper consists of 20 printed pages. Do not remove any pages from this booklet h Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing. Candidates should answer the questions in English. For Examiner's Use Only Section A TotalQuestion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 sotee Marks Section B Section C Question 18 19 2021 Total Score 22 23 24 Total Score Grand Total Marks 2019 The Kenya National Examinations Councilait919345 Turn overSECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section inthe Space provided atthe end of question 24,1, Identify ewo theories which explain the origin of man, marks 2. State two ways in which the Agikuyu interacted with the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. 2 marks 3. Name the original homeland of the River-Lake Nilotes of Kenya, 1 mark 4. Identify the main economic activity of the Akamba during the pre-colonial period, 1 mark 5. Give one advantage of dual ct izenship to a Kenyan, 1 mark 6. State two ways in which national integration has promoted economic development in Kenya. 2 marks 7. Identify one minority group whose rights were protected by the Constitution of Kenya atindependence. 0 mark 8 Outline two advantages of indirect democracy as practised in Kenya, 2 marks 9.


State two ways in which national integration has promoted economic development in Kenya. 2 marks 7.Identify one minority group whose rights were protected by the Constitution of Kenya atindependence. 0 mark 8 Outline two advantages of indirect democracy as practised in Kenya, 2 marks 9.Give the type of human right which is violated ifa person is unlawfully detzined. 1 mark 10, State two demands of the African Elected Members Organization EMO presented to theColonial Secretary in 1957. 2 marks 11.Give the main contribution made by Tom Mboya which improved the welfare of workersduring the colonial period 1 mark 12, Outline two types of cases which are determined by the Kadhis courts in Kenya, 2 marks 13, Give two reasons that may lead tothe removal of a County Governor from office in Kenya. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919345 SULTs18,16,73 entify one National Security organ of the Republic of Kenya 1 mark Give one classification of land ownership enshrined in the Constitution of Kenya. 1 mark State two roles played by Theatre in nation building. 2 marks Give the main reason why president Daniel Arap Moi banned ethnic organisations in 1979. 0 mark SECTION B 45 marks Answer any three questions from this section inthe space provided at the end of question 2418.1.20.2.919345 Outline three factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the East African Coastbefore 1500 AD. Marks Explain six effects ofthe Indian Ocean Trade on the East African Coastal inhabitantsbefore 1500 AD. 12 marks Give three reasons why the British used direct rule in Kenya. Marks Explain six results of collaboration between Lenana and the British 12 marks Outline three reasons why A ffican reserves were created in Kenya during the colonialperiod. Marks Explain stx ways in which the construction of the Uganda Railway promoted economicdevelopment in Kenya, 12 marks Identify three political organisations that Ronald Ngala worked with in his political career. Marks Discuss six contributions of Professor Wangari Maathai inthe polities of Kenya. 12 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 20193m Turn over.


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BIOLOGYPAPER 11. Name two kidney diseases.2. A Write the dental formula of an adult human.3. Give three reasons for classifying organisms.4. State one use for each of the following apparatus in the study of living organisms. A Pooter b Pitfall trap5. The figure below illustrates a food web in a certain ecosystem. From the food web: a Draw the shortest food chain; b identify the organisms with the highest i Number of predators ii Biomass6. What is meant by the following terms? A Ecology b Carrying capacity7. The diagrams below show an experiment set up to investigate a certain process in aplant tissue. Explain the results obtained after 30 min.8. State three characteristics of the class crustacean. For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com9. The diagrams below illustrate the organs of some flowering plants. State the classes of plants to which each belong. AB10. A give two differences in the products of anaerobic respiration between plants andanimals. B Name the site of anaerobic respiration in a cell.11. State two functions of the following parts of a light microscope. Fine adjustment knobStage12. The diagram below represents a certain organism. State the phylum and class of carbohydrates in the human body.14. The diagram below represents a certain plan. A What is the likely habitant of the plant? B Give two reasons for your answer in a above.15. Give reasons for carrying out the following procedures when preparing temporary wetmounts of plant tissues. A Making thin plant sections b Adding water on the plant section. For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com16. A describe the condition known as varicose veins. B What is the role of blood platelets in the clotting process?17. The diagram represents part of the human digestive system. A Name the organs labeled L and M.LM b i Name the substance named in b i above.19. A Apart from the lungs, name two gaseous exchange surfaces in a frog. B Write an equation that summarizes the process of aerobic respiration.20.The number of stomata on the lower and upper surface of two leaves from plant Xand Y were counted under the field of view of a light microscope.


The diagram below represents a certain plan. A What is the likely habitant of the plant? B Give two reasons for your answer in a above.15. Give reasons for carrying out the following procedures when preparing temporary wetmounts of plant tissues. A Making thin plant sections b Adding water on the plant section. For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com16. A describe the condition known as varicose veins. B What is the role of blood platelets in the clotting process?17. The diagram represents part of the human digestive system. A Name the organs labeled L and M.LM b i Name the substance named in b i above.19. A Apart from the lungs, name two gaseous exchange surfaces in a frog. B Write an equation that summarizes the process of aerobic respiration.20.The number of stomata on the lower and upper surface of two leaves from plant Xand Y were counted under the field of view of a light microscope. The results wereas shown in the table below. Number of stomataLeafUpper surfaceLower surfaceX423 a Which of the leaves would be expected to have a lower rate of transpiration? B Given a reason for your answer in a above21. A what is meant by convergent evolution? B State two limitations of fossils as an evidence of evolution.22. State the difference in content of oxygen and carbon IV oxide in the air that entersand leaves the human ling.23. The diagram below represents a transverse section of an ovary from a certain flower. A i name the structure labeled W ii name the type of plantation illustrated in this diagram. For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com24. A Difference between the following terms: i dominant gene and recessive gene; ii continuous variation and discontinuous variation b What would be the expected results from a test cross?25. State one economic importance of each of the following plant excretory products. A Tannin b Quinine c Caffeine26. Name the gamete cells that are produced by the ovaries.27. The diagram below represents features of a joint mammal. A Name the part labeled A b State the function of the part labeled B28. A What is a tropic response?


Name the gamete cells that are produced by the ovaries.27.The diagram below represents features of a joint mammal. A Name the part labeled A b State the function of the part labeled B28. A What is a tropic response? B State two ways by which auxins regulate growth in seedlings29.State four reasons why water is significant in seed germinationFor More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


SECTION I 50 marks Answer all the questions in this section. Wout ing scr eae mats abetsingiy 232 maaxsity expen oman Mapesa travelled by tran from Butere to Nairobi. The train eft Butere on a Sunday at 23 0 hours and tavelled for 7 hours 1 minutes to each Nakuru, After a 4S minutes stop in Noktru, the tain took hours 40 minutes o reach NairobiFind the time in the 12 hour clock system and the day Mapesa arrived in Nsiroi marks The figure below shows a net ofa solid. Below isa part ofthe sketch ofthe solid whose net is shown above. Complete the sketch ofthe soli, showing the hidden edges with broken ins. Marks 6 A fuel dealer makes profit of Ksh 20 for every 1 000 litres of petrol sold and Ksh 480 for every1000 litres of diesel sol In a certain month the dealer sold twice as much diesel as petrol, Ifthe total fuel sold that month was900 000 lites, find the dealer's profit for the month. G marks 7A liquid spray of mass 384 gis packed ina cylindrical container of internal radius 3.2 em,Given thatthe density ofthe liquid i 0.6 g em . Calculate to 2 decimal places the height ofthe liquid in the container Gmurks 8 Line BC below isa side of a triangle ABC and also aside of a parallelogram BCDE, B cUsing a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct 9 the tingle ABC given that CABC- 120 and AB 6 em Uma Gi the paralfelogram BCDE whose area is equal to that ofthe triangle ABC and poist Eis on line AB. Gmarks 9A solid meal sphere of radius 4.2 cm was melted and the molten material used to make a cube,Find to 3 significant figures the length ofthe side ofthe cube.


Marks 6 A fuel dealer makes profit of Ksh 20 for every 1 000 litres of petrol sold and Ksh 480 for every1000 litres of diesel sol In a certain month the dealer sold twice as much diesel as petrol, Ifthe total fuel sold that month was900 000 lites, find the dealer's profit for the month. G marks 7A liquid spray of mass 384 gis packed ina cylindrical container of internal radius 3.2 em,Given thatthe density ofthe liquid i 0.6 g em . Calculate to 2 decimal places the height ofthe liquid in the container Gmurks 8 Line BC below isa side of a triangle ABC and also aside of a parallelogram BCDE, B cUsing a ruler and a pair of compasses only, construct 9 the tingle ABC given that CABC- 120 and AB 6 em Uma Gi the paralfelogram BCDE whose area is equal to that ofthe triangle ABC and poist Eis on line AB. Gmarks 9A solid meal sphere of radius 4.2 cm was melted and the molten material used to make a cube,Find to 3 significant figures the length ofthe side ofthe cube. Gmarks 10 An angle of 1.8 radians atthe centre ofa circle subtends an are of length 23.4 em. Find 2 the radius ofthe circle marks the area ofthe sector enclosed by the are and the radi marks MI Three vertices ofa rhombus ABCD are: A -4,-3 , B ,-1 and C3,4 . 2 Draw the rhombus onthe grid provided below. Marks Find the equation ofthe line AD in the form y msc, where m and e are constants. 2-marks nB 8tw Nand B naae angge t 2ro matrices wesochiherd 53 Janta 3 fGiven thatthe determinant of AB 4, find the value of k marks A rectangular and two circular cutouts of metal sheet of negligible thicknace are wood to make a closedcylinder. The rectangular cutout has a height of 18 cm, Each circular cut-out has a radius of 2 em,ylinder.


Marks Find the equation ofthe line AD in the form y msc, where m and e are constants. 2-marks nB 8tw Nand B naae angge t 2ro matrices wesochiherd 53 Janta 3 fGiven thatthe determinant of AB 4, find the value of k marks A rectangular and two circular cutouts of metal sheet of negligible thicknace are wood to make a closedcylinder. The rectangular cutout has a height of 18 cm, Each circular cut-out has a radius of 2 em,ylinder. GQ marks Given that log 4 0.6021 and log 6 0.7782, without using mathematical tables or a calculator,evaluate 10g 0.096. Marks The equation of line L, is 2y - 5xWithout drawing the Solve the equation20s 28 I for 0" 0 360 , 4marks SECTION II 50 mars Answer any five questions inthis section. The ratio of Juma s and Akiny s eamings was :3. Juma's eamings rose to Ksh 8 400 after anincrease of 12 ,CCaleulate the percentage increase in Akinyi's earnings given thatthe sum of their new earningswas Ksh 14 100. Gmarks Juma and Akinyi contributed all the new earnings to buy maize at Ksh 17S per bag. The maize was then soldat Ksh I 762.50 per bag. The two shared all the money from the sles of the maize inthe ratio oftheir contributions. Calculate the amount that Akinyi got. Amari The figure below i a sketch of the curve whose equation is y x2 5,euts the line y 11 at points P and Q.


The maize was then soldat Ksh I 762.50 per bag. The two shared all the money from the sles of the maize inthe ratio oftheir contributions. Calculate the amount that Akinyi got. Amari The figure below i a sketch of the curve whose equation is y x2 5,euts the line y 11 at points P and Q. Find the area bounded by the curve y 1 .x and the line y 11 using the trapezium rule with5 strips 5 marks 6 Calculate the difference in the area ifthe mid-ordinate rule with S ordinates was usd instead ofthetrapezium male Smarks 19 Inthe figure below AB p, AD q, DE AB and BC 3 BD, a Find in terms of p and q the vectors: Bo, mak mark 1 mak Gu Ac. 2k Given that AC ACE, where is scala, nd i the valu of mars the aio in which C divides AE ak 20. The diagram below represents wo vertical watch-owers AB and CD on level ground. P and Q aretwo points ona straight road BD. The height ofthe tower AB is 20m and road BD is 200 m. En2 2 Acar moves from B towards D. At point P, the angle of depression of the car from point Ais 11.3 Calculate the distance BP t 4 significant figures. 2 marks Ifthe car takes seconds to move from Pto Q at an average speed of 36 kr, ealeulate the angle of depression of Q trom A to 2 decimal paces.


En2 2 Acar moves from B towards D. At point P, the angle of depression of the car from point Ais 11.3 Calculate the distance BP t 4 significant figures. 2 marks Ifthe car takes seconds to move from Pto Q at an average speed of 36 kr, ealeulate the angle of depression of Q trom A to 2 decimal paces. Marks Given that QC 0.9 m, calculate: the height Of CD in metres to 2 decimal places; marks Gi the angle of elevation of A from C to the nearest degre, marks: The diagram below shows a tiangle ABC with A 3,4 , B 1,3 and C 2.1 ingram 2 Draw AA'BIC the image of AABC under a rotation of 90 about 0.0 2 marks Draw AA"B'C the image of AA'BIC' under a reflection inthe line y x 2 marks Draw AA"B"C , the image of AA"BYC" under a rotation of -90 about 0,0 . 2 marks Describe a single transformation hat maps AABC onto AA"B C , 2 marks Write down the equations ofthe lines of symmetry ofthe quadrilateral BB"A' 2 marks The diagram below represents a conical vessel which stands vertically, The vessel contains water depth of 30cm. The radius ofthe water surface in the vessel is 21cm. Take R Calculate the volume of the water in the vest! In em? Nats Pema pee omy eine bee evan esCain afte ne wer sari ite emerGo Bevan othe mele ne mae i tenn te ie oma A group of people planned to contribute equally towards a water project which needed Ki 2 000 000tocomplete: However, 40 members of the proup withdrew from the projec As result, each ofthe remaining members were fo contribute Ksh 2 500 more. Find the original numberof members in the group. Smarks Forty five percent of the value of the project was funded by Constituency Development Fund CDF .


Take R Calculate the volume of the water in the vest!in em? Nats Pema pee omy eine bee evan esCain afte ne wer sari ite emerGo Bevan othe mele ne mae i tenn te ie oma A group of people planned to contribute equally towards a water project which needed Ki 2 000 000tocomplete: However, 40 members of the proup withdrew from the projec As result, each ofthe remaining members were fo contribute Ksh 2 500 more. Find the original numberof members in the group. Smarks Forty five percent of the value of the project was funded by Constituency Development Fund CDF .Caleulate the amount of contribution that would be made by each of the remainingmembers ofthe group.marks Members contributions were in terms of labour proved and money contributed If the ratio of thevalue of labour tothe money contributed was 6:19, calculate he total amoust of money contributedby the members. Matks The distance s metres ftom a fixed point O, covered by a particle after f seconds is given by the equation;sap 68 9045, Calculate the gradient tothe curve at 05 seconds marks Determine the values of sat the maximum and minimum turning points ofthe curve, 4 marks Onthie space provided, sketch the curve of s 2 6 9r 5 Geass.


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K.C.S.E YEAR 2010PAPER 11. State the name give to the study of:a The cell 1 mark b Micro--organism. 1mark 2. The diagram below shows a transverse section of a plant organ.a Name the plant organ from which the section was obtained. 1 mark b i name the class to which the plant organ was obtained 1 mark ii Give a reason for your answer in b i above 1 mark c Name the part labeled X. 1mark 3. State the function of:a Ribosomes 1 mark b Lysosomes 1 marks 4. The diagram below shows a specialized plant cell.a i Name the cell 1mark ii Name the parts labeled D and E. 2 marks b state the function of the part labeled C. 1 mark 5. State three ways in which a respiratory surface is adapted to its function. 3 marks 6. State one function for each of the following:a Cerebellum 1mark b Medulla oblongata 1 mark 7. Distinguish between haemolysis and plasmolysis. 2 marks 8. State three external differences between chilopoda and diplopoda. 3 marks 9. State two ways in which chiroplasts are adapted to their functuions. 2 marks 10.State two advantages of hybrid vigour. 2 marks 11.The diagram below shows a transverse section of leaf. For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.coma Name the habitat of the plant from which the leaf was obtained. 1 mark b Give one reason for your answer in a above. 2 marks 12.The diagram below illustrates the structure of bread mould.a Name the part labeled J 1 mark b State the function of the structure labeled K 2 marks 13.What is meant by the following term?a Habitat; 1mark b Ecosystem 1 mark 14.Explain why is not advisable to be in a poorly ventilated room with a burningcharcoal. 3 marks 15.A potted plant was kept in the dark for 48 hours.


NameIndex Num ber233 2 Candidate s SignatureCHEMISTRYPaper 2 Date..............................Nov. 20162 hoursTHE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Kenya Certificate of Secondary EducationCHEMISTRY Paper 2 THEORY 2 hoursInstructions to candidates a Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above. B Sign and write the date o f examination in the spaces provided above. C Answ er all the questions in the spaces provided. D K N EC m athematical tables and silent non-programmable electronic calculators may be used. E All working must be clearly shown where necessaty. F This paper consists of 12 printed pages. G Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing. H Candidates should answer the questions in English. For Examiner s Use OnlyQuestionMaximumScoreCandidate sScore711Total Score80Q1 f.S C A 2016 The Kenya National Examinations Councilfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.comUse the information in the table below to answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements. ElementAtomic numberMelting point CR1197.8S12650.0T1544.0U17-102V18-189W1964.0 a Give a reason why the melting point of: i S is higher than that of R. 2 marks ii V is lower than that of U. 2 marks b How does the reactivity of W with chlorine compare with that of R with chlorine? 2 marks c Write an equation for the reaction between T and excess oxygen. 1 mark for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com3 d When 1.15 g of R was reacted with water 600 cm3 of gas was produced. Determine therelative atomic mass of R. Molar gas volume 24000 cm3 3 marks e Give one use of element V. 1 mark 2. A Describe the process by which nitrogen is obtained from air on a large scale.


Determine therelative atomic mass of R. Molar gas volume 24000 cm3 3 marks e Give one use of element V. 1 mark 2. A Describe the process by which nitrogen is obtained from air on a large scale. 4 marks b Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow. Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016 ou n i ??? ? Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com4 i Identify gas J. 1 mark ii Using oxidation numbers show that ammonia is the reducing agent in step VI 2 marks iii Write the equation for the reaction that occurs in step V . 1 mark iv Give two uses of ammonia nitrate. 2 marks c The table below shows the observation made when aqueous ammonia was added to cation of elements E, F and G until in excess. Cation ofAddition of a few drops of aqueous ammoniaAddition of excess aqueous ammoniaEWhite precipitateInsolubleFNo precipitateNo precipitateGWhite precipitateDissolves i Select the cation that is likely to be Zn2 . 1 mark ii Given that the formula of the cation of element E is E2 write the ionic equation for the reaction between E2 aq and aqueous ammonia. 1 mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com53. A Methanol is manufactured from carbon IV oxide and hydrogen gas according to theequation. C0:,g, 3H2 g CH OH . H70 ..3 g 2 g The reaction is carried out in the presence of a chromium catalyst at 700K and 300k pa. Under these conditions, equilibrium is reached when 2 of the carbon IV oxide is converted to methanol. I How does the rate of the forward reaction compare with that of the reversereaction when 2 of the carbon IV oxide is converted to methanol?


A Methanol is manufactured from carbon IV oxide and hydrogen gas according to theequation. C0:,g, 3H2 g CH OH . H70 ..3 g 2 g The reaction is carried out in the presence of a chromium catalyst at 700K and 300k pa. Under these conditions, equilibrium is reached when 2 of the carbon IV oxide is converted to methanol. I How does the rate of the forward reaction compare with that of the reversereaction when 2 of the carbon IV oxide is converted to methanol? 1 mark ii Explain how each of the following would affect the yield of methanol:I reduction in pressure 2 marks II using more efficient catalyst 2 marks iii If the reaction is carried out at 500k and 300k pa, the percentage of carbon IV oxide converted to methanol is higher than 2 .I What is the sign of AH for the reaction? Give a reason 2 marks q i fis ruKenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016 233 2Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com6II Explain why in practice the reaction is carried out at 700K but not at 500K 2 marks b Hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the following equation:2H20 2 aq 2H20 I 0 2 g In an experiment the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was found to be 6.0 X 10 8 moldm 3S 1 i Calculate the number of moles per dm3 of hydrogen peroxide that hasdecomposed within the first 2 minutes. 2 marks ii In another experiment, the rate of decomposition was found to be1.8 X 10 7moldm 3S H. The difference in the two rates could have been caused by addition of a catalyst. State giving reason, one other factor that may have caused the difference in the two rates of decomposition. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com74.


The difference in the two rates could have been caused by addition of a catalyst. State giving reason, one other factor that may have caused the difference in the two rates of decomposition. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com74. A b f t l C A 1The set up below can be used to produce sodium hydroxide by electrolysing brine. Y Hydrogen 1 mark ii Describe how aqueous sodium hydroxide is formed in the above set-up. 2 marks iii One of the uses of sodium hydroxide is in the manufacture of soaps. State oneother use of sodium hydroxide. 1 mark Study the information given below and answer the questions that followHalf reactionsElectrode potential E QVD 2 aq 2e D -0.13E aq e 0.80F a q e 0.68G aq 2e-2.87H aq 2e s 0.34J a q e J n s -2.71Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016mn Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com8 i Construct an electrochemical cell that will produce the largest e.m.f. 3 marks ii Calculate the e.m.f. Of the cell constructed in i above. 2 marks iii Why is it not advisable to store a solution containing E ions in a container made of H? 2 marks 5. The diagram below represents a set up of an electrolytic cell that can be used in the production of aluminium. MoltenaluminiumMoltenaluminium oxide and cryoliteKottxm 'ortifirnip nf Secondary Education. 2016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com9 a On the diagram, label the anode. 1 mark b Write the equation for the reaction at the anode. 1 mark c Give a reason why the electrolyte process is not carried out below 950 C. 1 mark d Give a reason why the production of aluminium is not carried out using reductionprocess.


1 mark b Write the equation for the reaction at the anode. 1 mark c Give a reason why the electrolyte process is not carried out below 950 C. 1 mark d Give a reason why the production of aluminium is not carried out using reductionprocess. 1 mark e Give two reasons why only the aluminium ions are discharged. 2 marks f State two properties of duralumin that makes it suitable for use in aircraft industry. 2 marks g Name two environmental effects caused by extraction of aluminium. 2 marks 916504Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016233 2Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com1 06. A Draw the structural formula for all the isomers of C2H3C13. 2 marks b Describe two chemical tests that can be used to distinguish between ethene and ethane. 4 marks c The following scheme represents various reactions starting with propan-l-ol. Use it to answer the questions that follow.carbonate i Name one substance that can be used in Step I. 1 mark ii Give the general formula of X. 1 mark Coriifirntp nf Secondary Education, 2016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com1 1 iii Write the equation for the reaction in Step IV. 1 mark iv Calculate the mass of propan-l-ol which when burnt completely in air at room temperature and pressure would produce 18dm3 of gas. C 12.0, O 16.0,H 1.0; molar gas volume 24dm3 3 marks 7. A Write an equation to show the effects of heat on the nitrates of:lil Potassium 1 mark ii Silver 1 mark b The table below gives information about elements A1?


1 mark iv Calculate the mass of propan-l-ol which when burnt completely in air at room temperature and pressure would produce 18dm3 of gas. C 12.0, O 16.0,H 1.0; molar gas volume 24dm3 3 marks 7. A Write an equation to show the effects of heat on the nitrates of:lil Potassium 1 mark ii Silver 1 mark b The table below gives information about elements A1?A2, A3 and A4. ElementsAtomicNumberAtomic radius nm Atomic radius nm A130.1340.074A250.0900.012A3130.1430.050A4170.0990.181Q16S04Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016 233 2Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com1 2 i In which period of the periodic table is element A2?Give a reason. 2 marks ii Explain why the atomic radius of:I A1 is greater than that of A2 2 marks II A1 is smaller than its ionic radius. 2 marks iii Select the element which is in the same group as A3. 1 mark iv Using Dots . And crosses x to represent outermost electrons, draw a diagram toshow the bonding in the compound formed when A1 reacts with A4. 2 marks THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


For More Free KCSE Revision Past Papers and AnswersVisit http: www.joshuaarimi.comTips on passing KCSE subscribe freely http: www.joshuaarimi.comSupport thru' M-pesa 0720502479. Connect with Joshua Arimi on facebook. Not 4 resaleFor More Free KCSE Revision Past Papers and AnswersVisit http: www.joshuaarimi.comTips on passing KCSE subscribe freely http: www.joshuaarimi.comSupport thru' M-pesa 0720502479. Connect with Joshua Arimi on facebook. Not 4 resaleFor More Free KCSE Revision Past Papers and AnswersVisit http: www.joshuaarimi.comTips on passing KCSE subscribe freely http: www.joshuaarimi.comSupport thru' M-pesa 0720502479. Connect with Joshua Arimi on facebook. Not 4 resaleFor More Free KCSE Revision Past Papers and AnswersVisit http: www.joshuaarimi.comTips on passing KCSE subscribe freely http: www.joshuaarimi.comSupport thru' M-pesa 0720502479. Connect with Joshua Arimi on facebook. Not 4 resale.


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K.C.S.E CHEMISTRY PAPER 2 20121. A Draw the structural formula for all the isomers of C2H3CL3 2marks b Describe two chemical tests that can be used to distinguish betweenethane and ethane. 4marks c The following scheme represents various reactions starting withpropan-i- ol. Use it to answer the questions that follow.i Name one substance that can be used in step I. 1mark ii Give the general formula of X. 1 mark iii Write the equation for the reaction in step IV. 1mark iv Calculate the mass of propan-I-ol which when burnt completely in airatroom temperature and pressure would produce 18dm3 of gas. C For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com12.0;O 16.0; H 1.0; Molar gas volume 24dm3 3marks 2.The grid below is part of the periodic table. Use it to answer thequestions that follow. The letters are not the actual symbols of theelements. A Which is the most reactive non-metallic element shown in thetable? Explain. 2marks b i Write the formula of the compound formed when element Areactswith element B. 1mark ii Name the bond type in the compound formed in b i above. 1mark c i What is the name given to the group of elements where C, G andHbelong? 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comii Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when C in gaseousform is passed through a solution containing ions of element H. 2marks d The melting points of elements F and G are 1410oC and -101oCrespectively. In terms of structure and bonding, explain why there is alarge difference in the melting points of F and G. 2marks e D forms two oxides. Write the formula of each of the twooxides. 1mark f J is an element that belongs to the 3rd period of the periodic table andamember of the alkaline earth elements. Show the position of J in thegrid. 1mark 3.In the laboratory, small quantities of nitric V acid can be generatedusing the following set up.


In terms of structure and bonding, explain why there is alarge difference in the melting points of F and G. 2marks e D forms two oxides. Write the formula of each of the twooxides. 1mark f J is an element that belongs to the 3rd period of the periodic table andamember of the alkaline earth elements. Show the position of J in thegrid. 1mark 3.In the laboratory, small quantities of nitric V acid can be generatedusing the following set up. Study it and answer the questions thatfollow.a i Give the name of substance R. 1mark ii Name one other substance that can be used in place of sodiumnitrate. 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comiii What is the purpose of using tap water in the set up above? 1mark b Explain the following;i It is not advisable to use a stopper made of rubber in the set-up 1mark ii the reaction between copper metal with 50 nitric V acid in anopen test-tube produces brown fumes. 1mark c i Nitrogen is one of the reactants used in the production ofammonia,name two sources of the other reactant. 2marks ii A factory uses nitric V acid and ammonia gas in the preparationof a fertilizer. If the daily production of the fertilizer is 4800kg;calculate the mass of ammonia gas used in kg.


Show the position of J in thegrid. 1mark 3.In the laboratory, small quantities of nitric V acid can be generatedusing the following set up. Study it and answer the questions thatfollow.a i Give the name of substance R. 1mark ii Name one other substance that can be used in place of sodiumnitrate. 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comiii What is the purpose of using tap water in the set up above? 1mark b Explain the following;i It is not advisable to use a stopper made of rubber in the set-up 1mark ii the reaction between copper metal with 50 nitric V acid in anopen test-tube produces brown fumes. 1mark c i Nitrogen is one of the reactants used in the production ofammonia,name two sources of the other reactant. 2marks ii A factory uses nitric V acid and ammonia gas in the preparationof a fertilizer. If the daily production of the fertilizer is 4800kg;calculate the mass of ammonia gas used in kg. N 14.0; O 16.0;H 1.0 3marks iii State two other uses of nitric V acid other than the productionoffertilizers. 2marks 4.The factors which affect the rate of reaction between lead carbonateand dilute nitric V acid were investigated by carrying out threeexperiments;ExperimentnumberLeadcarbonateConcentration ofnitric V acid1Lumps4M2Powdered4M3Lumps2Ma Other than concentration , name the factor that was investigatedinthe experiments. 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comb For each experiment, the same volume of acid excess and massoflead carbonate were used and the volume of gas liberatedmeasuredwith time.i Draw a set up that can be used to investigate the rate of reactionforone of the experiments. 3marks ii On the grid provided, sketch the curves obtained when thevolume of gas produced was plotted against time for each of the threeexperiments and label each as 1, 2 or 3. 4marks iii Write an equation for the reaction that took place. 1mark c If the experiments were carried out using dilute hydrochloric acidin place of dilute nitric V acid, the reaction would start, slowdown and eventually stop.


Study it and answer the questions thatfollow.a i Give the name of substance R. 1mark ii Name one other substance that can be used in place of sodiumnitrate. 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comiii What is the purpose of using tap water in the set up above? 1mark b Explain the following;i It is not advisable to use a stopper made of rubber in the set-up 1mark ii the reaction between copper metal with 50 nitric V acid in anopen test-tube produces brown fumes. 1mark c i Nitrogen is one of the reactants used in the production ofammonia,name two sources of the other reactant. 2marks ii A factory uses nitric V acid and ammonia gas in the preparationof a fertilizer. If the daily production of the fertilizer is 4800kg;calculate the mass of ammonia gas used in kg. N 14.0; O 16.0;H 1.0 3marks iii State two other uses of nitric V acid other than the productionoffertilizers. 2marks 4.The factors which affect the rate of reaction between lead carbonateand dilute nitric V acid were investigated by carrying out threeexperiments;ExperimentnumberLeadcarbonateConcentration ofnitric V acid1Lumps4M2Powdered4M3Lumps2Ma Other than concentration , name the factor that was investigatedinthe experiments. 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comb For each experiment, the same volume of acid excess and massoflead carbonate were used and the volume of gas liberatedmeasuredwith time.i Draw a set up that can be used to investigate the rate of reactionforone of the experiments. 3marks ii On the grid provided, sketch the curves obtained when thevolume of gas produced was plotted against time for each of the threeexperiments and label each as 1, 2 or 3. 4marks iii Write an equation for the reaction that took place. 1mark c If the experiments were carried out using dilute hydrochloric acidin place of dilute nitric V acid, the reaction would start, slowdown and eventually stop. Explain these observations. 2marks d A solution of bromine gas in water is an example of a chemicalreaction in a state of balance.


If the daily production of the fertilizer is 4800kg;calculate the mass of ammonia gas used in kg. N 14.0; O 16.0;H 1.0 3marks iii State two other uses of nitric V acid other than the productionoffertilizers. 2marks 4.The factors which affect the rate of reaction between lead carbonateand dilute nitric V acid were investigated by carrying out threeexperiments;ExperimentnumberLeadcarbonateConcentration ofnitric V acid1Lumps4M2Powdered4M3Lumps2Ma Other than concentration , name the factor that was investigatedinthe experiments. 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comb For each experiment, the same volume of acid excess and massoflead carbonate were used and the volume of gas liberatedmeasuredwith time.i Draw a set up that can be used to investigate the rate of reactionforone of the experiments. 3marks ii On the grid provided, sketch the curves obtained when thevolume of gas produced was plotted against time for each of the threeexperiments and label each as 1, 2 or 3. 4marks iii Write an equation for the reaction that took place. 1mark c If the experiments were carried out using dilute hydrochloric acidin place of dilute nitric V acid, the reaction would start, slowdown and eventually stop. Explain these observations. 2marks d A solution of bromine gas in water is an example of a chemicalreaction in a state of balance. The reaction involved isrepresentedby the equation below.volume ofgas cm3 Time seconds For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comBr2 g H2O L 2H aq Br - aq OB- aq Yellow orangeColourlessState and explain the observation made when hydrochloric acidisadded to the mixture at equilibrium. 2marks 5. A The set up below was used to investigate the products formed atelectrodes during electrolysis of aqueous magnesium sulphate usinginertelectrodes. Use it to answer the questions that follow.i During the electrolysis, hydrogen gas was formed at electrode Y.identifythe anode.


The reaction involved isrepresentedby the equation below.volume ofgas cm3 Time seconds For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comBr2 g H2O L 2H aq Br - aq OB- aq Yellow orangeColourlessState and explain the observation made when hydrochloric acidisadded to the mixture at equilibrium. 2marks 5. A The set up below was used to investigate the products formed atelectrodes during electrolysis of aqueous magnesium sulphate usinginertelectrodes. Use it to answer the questions that follow.i During the electrolysis, hydrogen gas was formed at electrode Y.identifythe anode. Give a reason for your answer. 2marks ii Write the equation for the reaction with takes place at electrode X. 1mark iii Why is the concentration of magnesium sulphate expected to increaseduring electrolysis? 2marks iv What will be observed if red and blue litmus papers were dipped intothesolution after electrolysis? 2marks b During electrolysis of magnesium sulphate, a current of 0.3A waspassedfor 30 minutes. Calculate the volume of gas produced at theanode. For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com Molar gas volume 24dm3; 1 Faraday 96,500C. . 3marks c State two applications of electrolysis. 1mark 6.The flow chart below shows a sequence of reactions involving amixtureof two salts, mixture M. Study it and answer the questions thatfollow.a Write the formula of the following;i anion in solid Q 1mark ii the two salts present in mixture M. 2marks b Write an ionic equation for the reaction in step VI 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comc State and explain the observations made in step V . 3marks d i Starting with Lead II oxide, describe how a pure solid sample of leadsulphate can be prepared in the laboratory. 2marks ii How can one determine whether the lead sulphate prepared is pure? 2marks 7.


Give a reason for your answer. 2marks ii Write the equation for the reaction with takes place at electrode X. 1mark iii Why is the concentration of magnesium sulphate expected to increaseduring electrolysis? 2marks iv What will be observed if red and blue litmus papers were dipped intothesolution after electrolysis? 2marks b During electrolysis of magnesium sulphate, a current of 0.3A waspassedfor 30 minutes. Calculate the volume of gas produced at theanode. For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com Molar gas volume 24dm3; 1 Faraday 96,500C. . 3marks c State two applications of electrolysis. 1mark 6.The flow chart below shows a sequence of reactions involving amixtureof two salts, mixture M.Study it and answer the questions thatfollow.a Write the formula of the following;i anion in solid Q 1mark ii the two salts present in mixture M. 2marks b Write an ionic equation for the reaction in step VI 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comc State and explain the observations made in step V . 3marks d i Starting with Lead II oxide, describe how a pure solid sample of leadsulphate can be prepared in the laboratory. 2marks ii How can one determine whether the lead sulphate prepared is pure? 2marks 7.a The diagram below is part of set up used to prepare and collect drychlorine gas.i Complete the diagram to show how a dry sample of chlorine gas canbecollected. 3marks ii Name another substance and condition that can be used instead ofmanganese VI oxide. 1mark iii Write an equation for each of the following;I.chlorine gas reacting with iron 1 mark II.chlorine gas reacting with hot concentrated sodium hydroxidesolution. 1mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


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K.C.S.E 2012 QUESTIONSBUSINESS STUDIES PAPER 11.Outline four circumstances under which cash with order may be used. 4 marks 2State four benefits that a farmer may derive from being a member of a ProducerCo-operative Society. 4 marks 3Highlight three benefits of globalization to a business enterprise. 3 marks 4Highlight four ways in which consumers may protect themselves against exploitation bytraders. 4 marks 5Outline one circumstance under which each of the following telecommunication servicesmay be used: 3 marks i Paging ii Facsimile fax iii Radio call6 The following information was extracted from the books of Marigi Traders on 30th June2009.ItemShs. Purchases720,000Opening stock165,000Closing stock?Sales980,600Margin20 Prepare the Trading Account of Marigi Traders for the year ended 30th June 2009. 5marks 7Outline four tools of monetary policy that a government may use to reduce excess moneyincirculation. 4 marks 8Outline one circumstance under which each of the following types of inflation mayoccur: 4 marks i Creeping inflationFor More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com ii Hyperinflation9 State four forms of economic integration that may exist between countries. 4 marks 10Highlight four problems of development planning that a country may experience. 4marks 11Nyaboke operates a shop in a farming area.


K.C.S.E 2012 QUESTIONSBUSINESS STUDIES PAPER 11.Outline four circumstances under which cash with order may be used. 4 marks 2State four benefits that a farmer may derive from being a member of a ProducerCo-operative Society. 4 marks 3Highlight three benefits of globalization to a business enterprise. 3 marks 4Highlight four ways in which consumers may protect themselves against exploitation bytraders. 4 marks 5Outline one circumstance under which each of the following telecommunication servicesmay be used: 3 marks i Paging ii Facsimile fax iii Radio call6 The following information was extracted from the books of Marigi Traders on 30th June2009.ItemShs. Purchases720,000Opening stock165,000Closing stock?Sales980,600Margin20 Prepare the Trading Account of Marigi Traders for the year ended 30th June 2009. 5marks 7Outline four tools of monetary policy that a government may use to reduce excess moneyincirculation. 4 marks 8Outline one circumstance under which each of the following types of inflation mayoccur: 4 marks i Creeping inflationFor More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com ii Hyperinflation9 State four forms of economic integration that may exist between countries. 4 marks 10Highlight four problems of development planning that a country may experience. 4marks 11Nyaboke operates a shop in a farming area. State four ways in which the farmingcommunitycan benefit from the business activity. 4 marks 12Outline four features of indirect production. 4 marks 13State four factors that may lead to the success of a business. 4 marks 14State four ways in which a good filing system may facilitate the operations in anoffice. 4 marks 15Highlight four benefits that a country gets by encouraging trade among her citizens 4 marks 16Outline four challenges that may be encountered when measuring national income usingtheoutput approach. 4 marks 17Highlight four measures that a government may take to reduce the mortality rate in acountry. 4 marks 18The following balances were extracted from the books of Highlife General Stores on 31slDecember 2008:ItemShs. Land and buildings650,000Stock470,000Bank overdraft80,000Debtors350,00010 year Bank Loan500,000Creditors220,000Cash50,000Motor Van150,000Capital?For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comPrepare the balance sheet of Highlife General Stores as at 31st December, 2008.


5marks 7Outline four tools of monetary policy that a government may use to reduce excess moneyincirculation. 4 marks 8Outline one circumstance under which each of the following types of inflation mayoccur: 4 marks i Creeping inflationFor More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com ii Hyperinflation9 State four forms of economic integration that may exist between countries. 4 marks 10Highlight four problems of development planning that a country may experience. 4marks 11Nyaboke operates a shop in a farming area. State four ways in which the farmingcommunitycan benefit from the business activity. 4 marks 12Outline four features of indirect production. 4 marks 13State four factors that may lead to the success of a business. 4 marks 14State four ways in which a good filing system may facilitate the operations in anoffice. 4 marks 15Highlight four benefits that a country gets by encouraging trade among her citizens 4 marks 16Outline four challenges that may be encountered when measuring national income usingtheoutput approach. 4 marks 17Highlight four measures that a government may take to reduce the mortality rate in acountry. 4 marks 18The following balances were extracted from the books of Highlife General Stores on 31slDecember 2008:ItemShs. Land and buildings650,000Stock470,000Bank overdraft80,000Debtors350,00010 year Bank Loan500,000Creditors220,000Cash50,000Motor Van150,000Capital?For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comPrepare the balance sheet of Highlife General Stores as at 31st December, 2008. 5marks 19. Given the statements in the table below, indicate the type of entry to be made in therelevant ledger accounts: 4 marks StatementType of Entry i An increase in revenue ii A decrease in an asset iii An increase in an expense iv A decrease in liability20In the spaces provided in the table below, name the document Jambi Ltd.would issueunder the circumstances described: 4marks CircumstanceDocument to issue i Jambii Ltd sold goods worth Sh.


State four ways in which the farmingcommunitycan benefit from the business activity. 4 marks 12Outline four features of indirect production. 4 marks 13State four factors that may lead to the success of a business. 4 marks 14State four ways in which a good filing system may facilitate the operations in anoffice. 4 marks 15Highlight four benefits that a country gets by encouraging trade among her citizens 4 marks 16Outline four challenges that may be encountered when measuring national income usingtheoutput approach. 4 marks 17Highlight four measures that a government may take to reduce the mortality rate in acountry. 4 marks 18The following balances were extracted from the books of Highlife General Stores on 31slDecember 2008:ItemShs. Land and buildings650,000Stock470,000Bank overdraft80,000Debtors350,00010 year Bank Loan500,000Creditors220,000Cash50,000Motor Van150,000Capital?For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comPrepare the balance sheet of Highlife General Stores as at 31st December, 2008. 5marks 19.Given the statements in the table below, indicate the type of entry to be made in therelevant ledger accounts: 4 marks StatementType of Entry i An increase in revenue ii A decrease in an asset iii An increase in an expense iv A decrease in liability20In the spaces provided in the table below, name the document Jambi Ltd.would issueunder the circumstances described: 4marks CircumstanceDocument to issue i Jambii Ltd sold goods worth Sh.54,000on credit to Jamilar Traders. Ii Osuri Enterprises which had bought goods worth Sh 27,000 was erroneously charged foronly Shs 25,000. Iii Guru Traders paid Shs 33,900 bycheque to Jambi Ltd.for goods which hadbeen supplied. Iv Goods sold to Jamilar Traders had beenFor More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


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HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT PAPER 1 2012SECTION A 25 marks Answer ALL the questions in this section.1Give two limitations of using anthropology as a source of information on History andGovernment. 2marks 2Identify one community in Kenya which belongs to the Southern Cushitic group. 1 mark 3Name two Bantu groups in Kenya which settled in Mount Elgon area before migratingto their present homeland. 2marks 4State two religious functions performed by Oloibon of the Maasai during the precolonialperiod. 2marks 5Give two factors that enabled the early visitors to come to the Kenyan coast by 1500A.D. 2 marks 6Name one Arab family which ruled the Kenyan coast on behalf of Oman. 1mark 7Name the African community that organized long distance trade in Kenya during thecolonial period. 1 mark 8Give the main reason why a Kenyan citizen should obey the law. 1mark 9Give two ways in which education has promoted national unity in Kenya. 2marks 10State two advantages of representative democracy. 2marks 11Give the main reason why the colonial government created African reserves in Kenya. 1 mark 12What was the main reason for the formation of Kenya African Democratic Union in1960? 1 mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com13Name the administrative head of the Kenyan Parliament. 1mark 14State the main function of the prisons department in Kenya. 1 mark 15Give the main reason why the Government of Kenya introduced Free PrimaryEducationin 2003. 1mark 16State two ways in which the Government of Kenya ensures effective utilization ofpublicfunds. 2marks I7Give two disadvantages of Kenya's reliance on foreign aid as a source of revenue. 2marks SECTION B 45 marks Answer any THREE questions from this section.18. A State five causes of the Nandi resistance against the British invasion. 5 marks b Explain five effects of the Maasai collaboration with the British in the early 20thCentury. 10 marks 19. A State five ways m which the construction of the Kenya-Uganda railwaypromoted economicdevelopment in Kenya during the colonial period. 5 marks b Explain five problems encountered during the construction of the Kenya-Ugandarailway. 10 marks 20.


10 marks 19.a State five ways m which the construction of the Kenya-Uganda railwaypromoted economicdevelopment in Kenya during the colonial period. 5 marks b Explain five problems encountered during the construction of the Kenya-Ugandarailway. 10 marks 20.a Give five grievances of Kikuyu Central Association which were presented byJomo Kenyattato the Colonial Secretary in 1929. 5 marks b Describe five roles played by Thomas Joseph Mboya in the development of tradeunionmovement in Kenya. 10marks 21.a Explain five factors which have undermined the provision of health services bytheGovernment of Kenya. 10 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comSECTION C 30 marks Answer any TWO questions from this section.22.a Give three circumstances in which one's right to life may be taken away. 3marks b Explain six reasons why it is important to respect Human Rights. 12 marks 23.a Give the composition of the Judicial Service Commission in Kenya. 5 marks b Describe five ways through which the independence of the Judiciary isguaranteed in Kenya. 10 marks 24.a Name the three categories of the Kenya Defence Forces. 3 marks b Explain six challenges faced by the Kenya Police Service in the courseof discharging their duties. 12 marks HISTORY AND GOVERNMENTPAPER 2 2012SECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section.1Identify one type of artefact that is likely to be found in an archaelogical site. 1 mark 2Name one source of information on the Creation Theory. 1mark 3State two ways in which the Sumerians in Mesopotamia reclaimed land foragriculture. For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


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To the third portion,3cm3 of aqueoussodium carbonatewas added, themixture filtered and1cm3 of soapsolution added tothe filtrate. Lather formedimmediatelyComplete the table by filling in the inferences. 3 marks 26.A water trough, aqueous sodium hydroxide, burning candle, watch class anda graduated gas jar were used in an experimental set up to determine thepercentage of active part of air. Draw a labeled diagram of the set up at theend of the experiment. 3 marks 27.The atomic numbers of phosphorus, sulphur and potassium are 15, 16 and19 respectively. The formulae of their ions are P3-,S2- and K . These ions havethe same number of electrons.a Write the electron arrangement for the ions. 1 mark b Arrange the ions in the order of increasing ionic radius starting with thesmallest. Give a reason for the order. 2 marks K.C.S.E YEAR 2010PAPER 21.a Which one of the following compounds; urea, ammonia, sugar and copper II chloride will conduct an electric current when dissolved in water? Givereasons. 2 marks b The diagram below shows anelectrochemical cell. Study it and answer the questions that follows.


Give a reason for the order. 2 marks K.C.S.E YEAR 2010PAPER 21.a Which one of the following compounds; urea, ammonia, sugar and copper II chloride will conduct an electric current when dissolved in water? Givereasons. 2 marks b The diagram below shows anelectrochemical cell. Study it and answer the questions that follows. Given the followingFe2 aq 2e Fe s ; E - 0.44VZn2 aq 2e Zn s ; E - 0.76Vi Show on the diagram using an arrow, the direction of flow of electrons 1 mark ii Name two subsrances that are used to fill the part labeled L 2 marks c In an experiment to electroplate iron withsilver, a current of 0.5 amperes was passed through a solution of silvernitrate for an houri Give two reasons why it is necessary to electroplate iron with silver 2 marks ii Calculate the mass of silver that was deposited on iron Ag 108, 1Faraday 96,500 coulombs 3mks 2.i. Give the name of the following compounds:i CH3 CH3C CH3CH3 2 marks ii CH3C CCH2CH3 1 mark ii. Describe a chemical test that can be carried out in order to distinguishbetweenCH3 CH3 CH C andCH3 and CH3C CCH2CH3CH3 2 marks iii. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that followsa. Ethanoicacidb. ConcentratedSulphuric vi acidMPolymerizationEthene Step1EthanolL Hydrogen nickel 1500CN1 Excesschlorine2 U.V. lightP Step 3i Name the compounds: 2 marks 2.L3.Nii Draw the structural formula of compound M showing two repeat units 1 mark iii Give the reagent and the conditions used in step I 1 mark iv State the type of reaction that take place in: 2 marks a.Step 2b. Step 32.The molecular formula of compound P is C2H2Cl4. Draw the two structuralformulae of compound P 2 marks 3.


ConcentratedSulphuric vi acidMPolymerizationEthene Step1EthanolL Hydrogen nickel 1500CN1 Excesschlorine2 U.V. lightP Step 3i Name the compounds: 2 marks 2.L3.Nii Draw the structural formula of compound M showing two repeat units 1 mark iii Give the reagent and the conditions used in step I 1 mark iv State the type of reaction that take place in: 2 marks a.Step 2b. Step 32.The molecular formula of compound P is C2H2Cl4. Draw the two structuralformulae of compound P 2 marks 3. Use the information in the table below to answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent tha actual symbols of the elements. ElementAtomicnumberMelting point 0C RSTUVW97.8650.044.0-102-18964.0a Give the reasons why the meling point of:WarmStep2i S is higher than that of R 1 mark ii V is lower than that of U 2 marks b How does the reactivity of W with chlorine compare with that of R withchlorine?Explain, 2 marks c Write an equation for the reaction between T and excess oxygen 1 mark d When 1.15g of R were reacted with water, 600cm3 of gass was produced. Determine the relative atomic mass of R. Molar gas volume 24000cm3 3 marks e Give one use of element V 1 mark 4.a. 50cm3 of 1M copper II sulphate solution was placed in a 100cm3 plasticbeaker. The temperature of the solution was measured. Excess metal Apowder was added to the solution, the mixture stirred and the maximumtemperature was repeated using powder of metals B and C. The resultsobtained are given in the table below:ABCMaximumtemperature 0C 26.331.722.0Initial temperature 0C 22.022.022.01. Arrange the metal A, B, C and copper in order of reactivity starting withthe least reactive. Give reasons for the order. 3 marks 2. Other than temperature change, state one other observation that wasmade when the most reactive metal was added to the copper II sulphatesolution. 1 mark b.


Calculate the amount of nitric V acid required tomanufacture 1000kg ammonium nitrate using excess ammonia. 3marks 6. The melting and boiling points of zinc are 4190C and 9070C respectively. Oneof the ores of zinc blende. To extract zinc, the ore is first roasted in air beforefeeding it into a furnace.a.i Write the formula of the main zinc compound in zinc blende. 1 mark ii Explain using an equation why it is necessary to roast the ore in airbefore introducing it into the furnace 2marks b. The diagram below shows a simplified furnace used in the extraction ofzinc. Study it and answer the questions that follows:HightemperatureCoolingchamberAbsorptiontoweri Name two other substance that are also introduced into the furnacetogether with roasted ore. 1 mark ii The main reducing agent in the furnace is carbon II oxide. Write twoequations showing how it is formed. 2marks iii In which physical state is zinc at point Y in the furnace? Give a reason 1 mark iv Suggest a value for the temperature at point X in the furnace. Give areason. 1 markv State and explain one environmental effect that may arise from theextraction of zinc from zinc blende 2 mks vi Give two industrial uses of zinc. 1 mark 7. The figure below shows how the rate of the following reaction varies with thetime. A g B g 2C g D g Rate of Curve IIreaction YCurve IX Time minutes i Which of the two curves represent the rate of the reverse reaction? Give areason 2 marks ii What is the significance of point X and Y on the figure? 2 marks b State and explain the effect of an increase in pressure on the rates of thefollowing reactions.i H2 g Cl2 g 2HCl g 2 marks ii CH3OH l CH3COOH l CH3COOCH3 l H2O l 2 marks c In an experiment to study the rate of reaction between barium carbonateand dilute hydrochloric acid; 1.97g of barium carbonate were reacted withexcess 2M hydrochloric acid.


Give areason. 1 markv State and explain one environmental effect that may arise from theextraction of zinc from zinc blende 2 mks vi Give two industrial uses of zinc. 1 mark 7.The figure below shows how the rate of the following reaction varies with thetime. A g B g 2C g D g Rate of Curve IIreaction YCurve IX Time minutes i Which of the two curves represent the rate of the reverse reaction?Give areason 2 marks ii What is the significance of point X and Y on the figure? 2 marks b State and explain the effect of an increase in pressure on the rates of thefollowing reactions.i H2 g Cl2 g 2HCl g 2 marks ii CH3OH l CH3COOH l CH3COOCH3 l H2O l 2 marks c In an experiment to study the rate of reaction between barium carbonateand dilute hydrochloric acid; 1.97g of barium carbonate were reacted withexcess 2M hydrochloric acid. The equation for the reaction isBaCO3 s 2HCl aq BaCl2 aq CO2 g H2O l The data in the table was obtainedTime insecondsVolume of gas cm3 i On a grid plot a graph of volume of gas produced vertical axis againsttime 3 marks ii From the graph, determine the rate of the reaction at: I 15 seconds 1 mark II 120 seconds 1 mark III Give a reason for the difference between the two values. 1 mark.


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2573.27 KENYAN SIGN LANGUAGE 504 3.27.1 Kenyan Sign Language Paper 1 504 1 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com2583.27.2 Kenyan Sign Language Paper 2 504 2 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com259For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com260For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com2613.27.3 Kenyan Sign Language Paper 3 504 3 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com262For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


Ix Religious leaders eg. Diviners, medicinemen, healers, rainmakers etc influenced their politics. Any 6 points well explained x 2 12 marks 19. A State three methods used by the British to establish colonial rule in Kenya. I They used military force. Ii They signed treaties agreement with some African rulers collaboration diplomacy. Iii They used divide and rule tactics. Iv They lured Africans with gifts presents treachery. V They established bases of operation company rule. Any 3 x 1 3 marks b Explain six problems experienced by the Imperial British East Africa Company in Kenya. I There was scarcity of mineral wealth and profitable export commodities which made it difficult for the company to generate enough wealth to meet the cost of administration. Ii There was poor transport network which made movement of goods slow difficult expensive thereby making the enterprise less profitable. Iii There was lack of proper co-ordination between the company headquarters in Britain and the officials in Kenya hence delays waste and misunderstandings. For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com437 iv The company officials lacked the experience which was necessary for the success of the administration in the protectorate. V Some of the company officials were corrupt and therefore concentrated on their personal enrichment at the expense of the enterprise. Vi Resistance from the local communities posed a great challenge to the company as it had to administer and at the same time suppress the communities. Vii There was inadequate capital to carry out its operations thus making the administration of the protectorate ineffective. Viii Unfavourable climatic conditions tropical diseases claimed lives of some of the company personnel.


Diviners, medicinemen, healers, rainmakers etc influenced their politics. Any 6 points well explained x 2 12 marks 19. A State three methods used by the British to establish colonial rule in Kenya. I They used military force. Ii They signed treaties agreement with some African rulers collaboration diplomacy. Iii They used divide and rule tactics. Iv They lured Africans with gifts presents treachery. V They established bases of operation company rule. Any 3 x 1 3 marks b Explain six problems experienced by the Imperial British East Africa Company in Kenya. I There was scarcity of mineral wealth and profitable export commodities which made it difficult for the company to generate enough wealth to meet the cost of administration. Ii There was poor transport network which made movement of goods slow difficult expensive thereby making the enterprise less profitable. Iii There was lack of proper co-ordination between the company headquarters in Britain and the officials in Kenya hence delays waste and misunderstandings. For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com437 iv The company officials lacked the experience which was necessary for the success of the administration in the protectorate. V Some of the company officials were corrupt and therefore concentrated on their personal enrichment at the expense of the enterprise. Vi Resistance from the local communities posed a great challenge to the company as it had to administer and at the same time suppress the communities. Vii There was inadequate capital to carry out its operations thus making the administration of the protectorate ineffective. Viii Unfavourable climatic conditions tropical diseases claimed lives of some of the company personnel. Ix Lack of enough personnel. X Rivalry from German East Africa affected its operations. Any 6 points well explained x 2 12 marks 20. A Give reasons why Africans were put in reserves during the colonial period. I To create a pool of African labour for settler farming Europeans public works. Ii To avail land create space for white settlement. Iii To restrict the movement of Africans. Iv For easy control monitoring of African activities. V For easy control of African nationalism. Any 3 x 1 3 marks b Explain six problems faced by Africans working for the European settlers during the colonial period. I They were paid low wages which could hardly meet their expenses thereby making them lead squalor impoverished lives. Ii The living conditions were poor as they were crowded in residential houses with inadequate sanitation.


I There was scarcity of mineral wealth and profitable export commodities which made it difficult for the company to generate enough wealth to meet the cost of administration. Ii There was poor transport network which made movement of goods slow difficult expensive thereby making the enterprise less profitable. Iii There was lack of proper co-ordination between the company headquarters in Britain and the officials in Kenya hence delays waste and misunderstandings. For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com437 iv The company officials lacked the experience which was necessary for the success of the administration in the protectorate. V Some of the company officials were corrupt and therefore concentrated on their personal enrichment at the expense of the enterprise. Vi Resistance from the local communities posed a great challenge to the company as it had to administer and at the same time suppress the communities. Vii There was inadequate capital to carry out its operations thus making the administration of the protectorate ineffective. Viii Unfavourable climatic conditions tropical diseases claimed lives of some of the company personnel. Ix Lack of enough personnel. X Rivalry from German East Africa affected its operations. Any 6 points well explained x 2 12 marks 20. A Give reasons why Africans were put in reserves during the colonial period. I To create a pool of African labour for settler farming Europeans public works. Ii To avail land create space for white settlement. Iii To restrict the movement of Africans. Iv For easy control monitoring of African activities. V For easy control of African nationalism. Any 3 x 1 3 marks b Explain six problems faced by Africans working for the European settlers during the colonial period. I They were paid low wages which could hardly meet their expenses thereby making them lead squalor impoverished lives. Ii The living conditions were poor as they were crowded in residential houses with inadequate sanitation. Iii The working conditions were very difficult as they were sometimes mistreated whipped. Iv They were subjected to long working hours without compensation which made them develop negative attitude towards work. V They were forced to pay taxes despite their poor remuneration low wages. Vi There were inadequate social amenities schools health facilities to cope with the large number of workers. Vii They were despised on the basis of their colour race and this lowered their dignity. Viii They were not allowed to form workers union as the settlers feared that they would incite organize strikes against them. Ix They were provided with inadequate food rations which led to malnutrition. Any 6 points well explained x 2 12 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com43821. A State three challenges that have contributed to high illiteracy levels in Kenya since independence. I Traditional cultural beliefs in some communities discourage people from schooling. Ii Lack of schools inadequate educational facilities has made education inaccessible in some regions. Iii High poverty levels in the society has made education unaffordable. Iv Misconceptions that one can succeed without education. V Nomadic way of life in some communities has hampered provision of education. Vi Negative attitude towards adult education programmes has resulted in low enrolment. Vii Insecurity in some regions eg.