One wise man once said that it was better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. In the same vein, it is better to have been buoyed up by hope , the horizon limitless before one, than to have lived in the grey world of timid fearfulness. The course of the world is changed by those who dare to dream. Some dream of wealth and others dream of fame, Owuor dreamt of a life expended in service. He had never really known his father or the joy of a father-son relationship, now dreamt of being the spiritual father of many. And so he entered the rigors and splendor of life in the seminary. Sometimes when things were particularly tough, he would wonder whether mere blood and flesh would survive it, but it never entered in his mind to leave. If he had learned anything at all at his grandmother s knees, it was that a job once begun had to be completed. He was no quitter. He would survive. He would see it through. One day he would be Father Peter. Maybe one day a bishop. He was happy to serve Christ anywhere and in anyway. A Explain briefly what happened before the excerpt.4 marks b Give two character traits of Akoko brought out in this excerpt.4 marks c Explain how Owuor is considered courageous.2 marks d What really made Owuor want to become a priest.2 marks e At the end of the excerpt, Owuor has one wish To become a spiritual father of many . Explain what he missed in his father but hopes to get as a father 6 marks f Grandmother, you know that I have worked closely with the priest and I feel that Iwould like to enter the priesthood. I want to be a priest. Write in indirect speech . 2 marks g Give one theme evident in the extract.


I want to be a priest. Write in indirect speech . 2 marks g Give one theme evident in the extract. Illustrate 5 marks Answers a Owuor had fully decided to join the priesthood and confided to his cousin Awiti. Her mother had gone to her home and had stayed for two years and was now back. Owuor told her his wish and together went to inform the all-knowing Akoko. They found her working in the mission compound where they were staying. 4 marks b Astute even before Owuor could mention report that he wanted to be a priest she Akoko knew there was something in the boy since he was hiding all along. Determined Akoko did not tire to fight for her rights. She had well informed Owuor his position in the tribe, that he was destined be the rightful heir to the chief s stool nowheld by the council of elders the Jodongo 4 marks c Owuor is considered courageous in the sense that he knew he was the rightful heir to theChief s stool. He defied without offending Akoko. His passion for the vocation of priesthood was strong. He first told his cousin Awiti who advised him to wait for her mother Maria. When Maria came he informed her. They both went to report to Akoko. Owuor then, without fear announced his intensions to Akoko. Marks d Owuor wanted to become a priest because of the newly acquired knowledge of the mysteryof mass, catechism teachings and the closeness to the missionary priests as an altar boy. 2 marks e -Owuor will miss the powers of a tribal chief and that of head of the Jodongo,marriage and sire children just like his father- Owuor as a priest will be a father to many. Many will call him father since he willbe their spiritual mentor and priest of their lives both children, men and women will be his 3 marks f Owuor told his grandmother that she knew that he had worked closely with the priests and he felt that he would like to enter the priesthood and become one a priest . 2 marks g Religion.


2 marks e -Owuor will miss the powers of a tribal chief and that of head of the Jodongo,marriage and sire children just like his father- Owuor as a priest will be a father to many. Many will call him father since he willbe their spiritual mentor and priest of their lives both children, men and women will be his 3 marks f Owuor told his grandmother that she knew that he had worked closely with the priests and he felt that he would like to enter the priesthood and become one a priest . 2 marks g Religion. -. The whiteman brought the christian religion specifically the Catholic faith which taught the blacks using catechists and the institution of a seminary. -. Various cadres were evident- Christians. Catechists, priest and also bishops. -. Owuor chose not to be the traditional spiritual leader as a chief to become a father in Christianity. -. Religion brought people to God with love in their heart, faith and hope for heavenlypossessions rather than worldly possessions of a chief, which can be lost. 3 marksQ8. Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. For this jewel there can be no price. Therefore we have decided to give her to you free except for a token bull, two cows and six goats with which to funish the requirements of chik. The bull shall come to me in lieu of her father. The two cows and goats will be taken to Yimbo to the house of Oloo her grandmother s brother who in all ways was a father to the girl and her cousin and always provided for them. The aspiring suitors stared in disbelief. Held in readiness back in seme were twenty four head of cattle, double the normal bride price which was the least they expected to be asked. Oloo had instructed his uncle to ask for a grace period of six months in which he would have looked for whatever else they would have demanded. And now this. They couldn t possibly give away such a girl for free. They must have something hidden up their sleeves. But they hadn t. He was just an incredibly lucky man and it was beginning to dawn on him. 1.Place the excerpt in its immediate context. 4 marks 2. For this jewel there can be no price . Whose words are these?


2mks3.Awiti was an educated girl 1mk a teacher 1mk and yet he was asked to pay a token price. 1mk4. Awiti is an educated beautiful and professional teacher. 1mk expectedly anybody who marriesher would pay dearly 1mk yet the suitors only pay a token bride price. 1mk5. -. Change 1mk i unlike in Akoko s days bride price is no longer elaborate and expensive. It is a token nowadays. 1mk ii Marriages are friendly and peaceful unlike Akoko s day when they were characterizedby rivary and tension. 1mk6. I Hypocritical pretends he is contented to accept token bride price for Awiti yet he wasangry when Akoko and Maria decided they would not demand a hefty bride price. Ii Appreciative - describes Awiti as a jewel iii Understanding friendly appears friendly and understanding as he announces thesuitors terms of paying bride price. Iv Irresponsible neglects his duty in raising his brother s child Any 2 well illustrated traits 2 4 marks 7. That night 1mk Akoko passes on 1mk8. I didn t they? Observe punctuation ii Be given get the bull instead of Awiti s father. Iii Elizabeth AwitiQ9. The River and the SourceRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow: Mother, I have decided to seek the new religion which you have heard about. You know my life is a painful wound to me and much as I try my heart fills with bitterness- for me and for you . My child, do not feel bitterness for me for I am an old woman who has lived her life. As for you it is better that you seek this new way. It might give you hope and rescue you from bitterness. Bitterness is poison to the spirit for it breeds nothing but vipers some of which might consume your very self. Pain and sorrow all human being feel; but bitterness drops on the spirit like aloes- causing it to wither. I give you my blessing my child. If you are walking along and you find your path leading nowhere, then it is only wise to try some other path. Thank you mother.


Pain and sorrow all human being feel; but bitterness drops on the spirit like aloes- causing it to wither. I give you my blessing my child. If you are walking along and you find your path leading nowhere, then it is only wise to try some other path. Thank you mother. I will bring you news as soon as I can. May Were protect you. Questions. Place the above extract to its immediate context. 6mks . . . . You know my life is painful wound. What made Nyabera regard her life as a painful wound? 4mks . . . . In what way was Nyabera s life similar to that of Akoko according to the rest of the novel. 3mks . . . Identify and illustrate one characters trait of Akoko and Nyabera as brought out in this extract. Akoko 2mks . . Nyabera 2mks . . Identify two features of style used in this extract 4mks Pain and sorrow all human being feel. Rewrite this sentences making human the subject of the sentence. 1mk . Briefly explain one theme that is brought out in this extract. 2mks . . Answers 2 a . Before thisNyabera had gone to philipo to inquire about the new religion. She had then gathered her things and decided to leave her daughter with her mother n Yimbo. Shei informs her mother of her decision to seek the new religion .Her mother encourage her to go ahead and join the new religion and forget her bitters .Immediately after this Nyabera t ravel s to Aluor mission and join the new religion b .


Before thisNyabera had gone to philipo to inquire about the new religion. She had then gathered her things and decided to leave her daughter with her mother n Yimbo. Shei informs her mother of her decision to seek the new religion .Her mother encourage her to go ahead and join the new religion and forget her bitters .Immediately after this Nyabera t ravel s to Aluor mission and join the new religion b . Nyabera had suffered a lot in her life because her children had died mysteriously leaving her with only grl child . Ant Her husband had died .Ogoma Kwach who had inherited her had gone to his family c . I . Both had lost their husbands through death ii . Their children had died iii . They were both sonless d . I Akoko- philosophical Bitterness is poison to the spirit for it breeds nothing but viper ii . NyaberaBitter You know my wife a painful wound and much as my heart fills with bitterness Religions Decides to seek solace n the new religion May Never protect you Identificant e . Dialogue Mother I have decided .. Simile but bitterness drops on the spirit like aloes .. Use of Non English Were f . Theme of religion Nyabera decides to seek new religion . Theme of human suffering - You know my life is a painful woundQ10. Read the excerpt below and then answer the questions that follow. Brothers, we greet you and bring you many greetings from the people of seme. My nephew, Oloo, son of my late brother Sigu, came to me and said: Father, I have found a girl and I want to get married. Now I am a reasonable man and I know the ways of chik, so I asked him: Son I asked him one does not just find a girl in the air. One sends ajwanyo to go and spy a girl and find out her antecedents and character. Is she a thief or a witch? Is she lazy or shiftless? Might there be consanguinity between you and her? Who is her mother and father? I tell you my brothers that I was flabbergasted to hear that none of these things had crossed his mind.


Might there be consanguinity between you and her? Who is her mother and father? I tell you my brothers that I was flabbergasted to hear that none of these things had crossed his mind. He knew that her mother s name was Maria and her grandmother s name was Akoko and that was all. You will therefore forgive us because we do not know you and you do not know us. We only came because we have faith in our son who has always been a reasonable man. We therefore wish to introduce ourselves before we go on. I am SemoRakula of Seme, our village is near that strange rock- upon-a-rock, Kit-Mikai. We are the descendants of that wear warrior, Nyagudi Kogambi. Oloo and these young men are my sons and nephew . Oloo is a man of learning and what is more a soldier who has fought for the white man in distant landa Now he is a clerk with a big kambi company in Nakuru, where he gets a good salary. So should this suit be acceptable to all you need have no fear that your daughter will starve. I tell you these things because there are things jawang yo would have found out for you. Thank you brothers. A pot of kong o was moved near him and he drew a long refreshing draught. Some things never change-a spokesman needs to irrigate his throat. Brothers, people of Seme. My name is Oyange Silwal The girl Awiti is the only child of my late brother Okumu. We are from Sakwa from the village of Gombe, The girl has group in Gem because her mother being a widow and having converted to Christianity decided to settle here which a good thing is because now she is like light for the rest of us. She is highly educated and a teacher of children. A Place this excerpt in its immediate context. 4marks b Identify and illustrate any three thematic concerns evident in this excerpt.


She is highly educated and a teacher of children. A Place this excerpt in its immediate context. 4marks b Identify and illustrate any three thematic concerns evident in this excerpt. 6marks c Describe the character of Awiti as brought out in this excerpt, 2marks d Apart from the case in this excerpt, explain where again there is a compromise in the brideprice later on in the novel. 2marks e In one sentence, paraphrase the statements below 2marks Brothers, people of Seme. My name is OyangeSilwal The girl Awiti is the only child of my late brotherOkumu. We are from Sakwa from the village of Gombe. F We only came because we have faith in our son who has always been a reasonable man. Provide a question tag for the above statement. Lmarks g You will therefore forgive us brothers because we do not know you and you do not know us. In lightof what happens in the novel, why is the speaker begging for forgiveness. 2marks h Identify and illustrate any two stylistic devices evidently used in this excerpt.


Provide a question tag for the above statement. Lmarks g You will therefore forgive us brothers because we do not know you and you do not know us. In lightof what happens in the novel, why is the speaker begging for forgiveness. 2marks h Identify and illustrate any two stylistic devices evidently used in this excerpt. 4marks i Give the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the excerpt. 2marks Consanguinity; irrigate his throat; AnswersPlace this excerpt in its immediate context 4mks Awiti Elizabeth begins a relationship with Mark Sigu; she introduces the matter to Akoko and Nyabera; Akoko invites her relations and negotiation is fixed .Mark Sigu comes also with his relations. They meet, talk and are entertained. They agree on just a token as a bride price. The talks are concluded and akoko calls Mark for a close talk, they joyously talk. Later on in the night Akoko dies. Identify and illustrate any three thematic concerns evident in this excerpt 6mks Love and friendship: Awiti and mark fall in love and marry; Family ties and relations: Akoko s close relatives must be invited for the negotiation so is the family of Mark Sigu. Changes; mark and Awiti want to marry yet they do not know one another s family background; religion: Awiti s mother is said to be converted to Christianity and went to live in the mission; Eduaction: Awiti is said to be an educated girl and is a teacher. Describe the character of Awiti as brought out in this excerpt 2mks Hardworking; she studies very hard and becomes a teacherApart from the case in this excerpt, explain where again there is compromise in the bride price later on in the novel 2mks Wandia s mother does not demand any bride price but only asks Aoro to stay in peace with her daughter.


Later on in the night Akoko dies. Identify and illustrate any three thematic concerns evident in this excerpt 6mks Love and friendship: Awiti and mark fall in love and marry; Family ties and relations: Akoko s close relatives must be invited for the negotiation so is the family of Mark Sigu. Changes; mark and Awiti want to marry yet they do not know one another s family background; religion: Awiti s mother is said to be converted to Christianity and went to live in the mission; Eduaction: Awiti is said to be an educated girl and is a teacher. Describe the character of Awiti as brought out in this excerpt 2mks Hardworking; she studies very hard and becomes a teacherApart from the case in this excerpt, explain where again there is compromise in the bride price later on in the novel 2mks Wandia s mother does not demand any bride price but only asks Aoro to stay in peace with her daughter. In one sentence, paraphrase the statements below 3mks Brothers, people of seme. My name are OyangeSilwal. The girl Awiti is the only child of my late brother Okumu. We are from Sakwa from the village of Gombe. Oyangesilwal tells the people of Seme that Awiti is the only child of his late brother Okumu and that they are from Sakwa from the clan of GombeWe only came because we have faith in our son has always been a reasonable man. Provide a question tag for the above statement 2mks We only came because we have faith in our son who has always been a reasonable man, didn t we? You will therefore forgive us brothers because we do not know you and you do not know us In light of what happens in the novel, why is the speaker begging for forgiveness 2mks Because it is not customary to get into marriage negotiations without full knowledge of one another s background. Identify any two stylistic devices evidently used in this excerpt 2mks Rhetoric questions: Is she a thief or a witch? Is she lazy or shiftless? Might there be consanguinity between you and her? Who is her mother and father?.........Direct address Brothers we greet you and bring you man greetings.


Is she lazy or shiftless? Might there be consanguinity between you and her? Who is her mother and father?.........Direct address Brothers we greet you and bring you man greetings. Give the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the excerpt 2mks Consanguinity;- close relationshipTo irrigate his throat to take a drink to so as to talk with ease. Q11. Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that followMy fathers, It is a shameful thing for my wife to leave her husbands house and return to her father s house. This outrageous thing had occurred only because I was not here to prevent it. Our chief, we are saddened by this unfortunate state of affairs, but you must admit that your mother has a point or two. Long have we pleaded with you to take another wife for two. Long have we pleaded with you to take another wife for yourself and you have adamantly refused. Now she has left you, you are like a misumba, a bachelor which would not have been the case if you had another wife. We beg you take another wife for yourself. This was from Oyier, a grizzled old man who had been his mother s greatest champion in her quest for a wife for Owuor. He realized that the old geezrs were going to give him a hard time of it, so he changed his tactics. Fathers, you are the wise men of this community. That is why you sit in the council. Is it that you have forgotten the ways of chik or that your determination to get me to marry other wives has clouded your judgement? Do you not know that a man s mikai is the greatest jewel that adorns his compound? That her position in maintained and protected by taboos imposed by the ways of chik? That if I die, Were forbid, my body can only lie of her hut? And this would do so even if she herself were dead? To lose one s mikai is to lose one s right hand. The Jodongo nodded sagaciously at the wisdom uttered by the chief. It is true that the mikai is the centre post that holds up a man s hut. Without her, or if she were stupid, only Were could rescue such a man from being blown away from among the people like so much chaff. She it is who saves a young man from the follies and stupidities of youth.


It is true that the mikai is the centre post that holds up a man s hut. Without her, or if she were stupid, only Were could rescue such a man from being blown away from among the people like so much chaff. She it is who saves a young man from the follies and stupidities of youth. Indeed the people of Ramogi has a saying which declared that The medicine for stupidity in marriage . Yes, the chief had spoken wisely. But Oyier would not give up so easilyQuestions a Explain what happens just before this excerpt 3mks .. .. .. b What is the bone of contention between Akoko and her mother-in-law, Nyar Asembo 3mks .. .. .. c The girl child brieflt explain the relevance of this sub-heading to the whole novel 2mks .. .. d Oyier sounds sarcastic in his speech. Identify and explain the sarcasm 2mks .. .. e Basing your answer on what we see in the excerpt, contrast the character of Owuor with that of his brother Otieno 4mks .. .. .. .. f Explain the meaning of the following line as used in the extract It is true that Mikai is the centre post that hold up a man s hut 2mks .. .. g Identify parenthisis in the last paragraph of this excerpt 1mk .. .. h Explain the main theme that comes out in this excerpt 2mks .. .. i From your knowledge of the novel, describe the role of Jodongo in the community represented in this novelWrite your answer in note farm 3mks .. .. ..


I From your knowledge of the novel, describe the role of Jodongo in the community represented in this novelWrite your answer in note farm 3mks .. .. .. i Local language is used in this exerpt. Give two examples and explain its significances 2mks .. .. k Discuss the mood that is prevalent in this extract 1mk .. Answers a Owuor returns his journey only to find an empty houseHe tries to inquire from neighbours and from his children what had happenedHe gets very angry locks himself up in his simba He sermons the council; jodongo to convene the following day 3mks b Nyar Asembo alleges that Akoko is unable to conceive regularly her rate of procreation is slowShe accuses Akoko of practicing witchcraft against her sonShe also acuses Akoko of standing between Owuor and his marriage to other women by casting a spell on himc The Girl child This refers to AKokoShe is the source of the family tree river that extends for many generations for her, Nyabera, Elizabeth and her great grandchildrenAkoko is the source of life. She represents women as natia, Awiti, Vera and WandiaAas a source, her family survives due to he determination wisdom, hardwork and clarity of vision as a girl-childShe plays a role of those who have been wise in their time, pioneers through whose daring actions bring progress to the whole society 2mks d Oyier says that they are saddened by the disappearance of Akoko but in the real sense he capitalizes or this opportunity to advance Owuor s mother s quest of getting him Owuor marry another wife. Oyier calls him a misumba .


Answers a Owuor returns his journey only to find an empty houseHe tries to inquire from neighbours and from his children what had happenedHe gets very angry locks himself up in his simba He sermons the council; jodongo to convene the following day 3mks b Nyar Asembo alleges that Akoko is unable to conceive regularly her rate of procreation is slowShe accuses Akoko of practicing witchcraft against her sonShe also acuses Akoko of standing between Owuor and his marriage to other women by casting a spell on himc The Girl child This refers to AKokoShe is the source of the family tree river that extends for many generations for her, Nyabera, Elizabeth and her great grandchildrenAkoko is the source of life. She represents women as natia, Awiti, Vera and WandiaAas a source, her family survives due to he determination wisdom, hardwork and clarity of vision as a girl-childShe plays a role of those who have been wise in their time, pioneers through whose daring actions bring progress to the whole society 2mks d Oyier says that they are saddened by the disappearance of Akoko but in the real sense he capitalizes or this opportunity to advance Owuor s mother s quest of getting him Owuor marry another wife. Oyier calls him a misumba . This is meant to hurt and humiliate Owuor so that he can marry another wife e Look for the following pointsOwuorOtieno i wiseFoolish ii ReasoningIrrational iii FaithfulImmoral iv ResponsibleIrresponsible v Generousgreedy vi Tacticaltactless 4mks NB- Contrasting words and phrases must be used. If not award o markOne character trait of Owuor must come from the excerpt but that of Otieno from elsewhere in the novelAward any relevant trait well illustrated f It expresses the importance of the first wife Akoko0 to Owuor Kembo. Just like a central post holdsup a hut, the Mikai prevents a homestead from falling apart. Akoko supports her husband and givesdignity.


If not award o markOne character trait of Owuor must come from the excerpt but that of Otieno from elsewhere in the novelAward any relevant trait well illustrated f It expresses the importance of the first wife Akoko0 to Owuor Kembo. Just like a central post holdsup a hut, the Mikai prevents a homestead from falling apart. Akoko supports her husband and givesdignity. 2mks g Without her, or if she were stupid only Were could rescue suh a man from being blown away from among the people like so much chaff 1mk h Tradition-If a man dies, his body lies in his house before burial in the right hand side of Mikai s houseThe council of Jodongo arbitrates in marriage desputesPosition of Mikai is protected by taboosLosing a mikai is like loosing one s right hand mikai refered as a jewel The society is polygamousIt was a taboo for a man and such a chief to be a misumba bachelor 2mks i Involved in marriage negotiations solved marriage disputesArbitrate in social matters judges casesAssists the chief in running the affairs of the communityAssists in the removal of a bad chief 3mks NB- Notes are shown through letters, arrows, a star, a dash, a dot and use of incomplete sentences. If not in note form,deduct half a mark from the total score j : Mikai , Chik , Misumba,EffectivenessHas aesthetic valueGives the story its local flavor thus providing varietyAdd colour and flavor to the novelIt authenticates and pin points the setting of the novel as KenyanIt injects life in the narration thus making the story enjoyableIt provides a social and geographical setting 2mks k Solemn serious grave somber melancholic mood. My fathers ..it is a shameful thing fro my wife to leave ..prevent it 1mk Q12. Read the excerpt below and then answer the questions that followIN THE BOX THE WOMENS HALL OF residence, no one was consulted before being assigned a room mate and one could end up with a real creep.


So when Vera came in that night weeping, Mary-Anne was very solicitous of her. She put her in bed and just held her arms until she calmed down, then she made a cup of cocoa just the way Vera liked it-dark brown and sweet, with no milk. Want to talk? Tommy and I broke up today. Then I went to look for my sister- I felt so lonely. A sister? Yes, my twin sister. You have a sister in this town? Yes! How come she never comes to see you? Are you going to listen! Sorry, I was surprised, that s all. You broke up with Tommy! The expression on her face was so comical that Vera just laughed. I might as well let you tell the story Mary-Anne. Sorry, but you can t throw such shockers my way and expect me to think sensibly. Please tell me. What was his crime? Nothing. It s got nothing to do with him at all. I just did not feel right about it, that s all . I just did not feel right about it, that s all. There are many questions I could and should ask, but I will ask only one-how did he take it You know Tommy, he tried to take it with good humour and then suddenly he couldn t take any more and he left. Do you realize that you might live to regret this? Boys like Tommy simply don t grow off trees you know. Some girl is going to snap him up faster than fast. All the same it is not for me to censure you- an adult woman. Think it; you may see things differently tomorrow. Tell me about your sister. Your twin sister, if you please! Questions a Who is the twin sister referred to here? 2mks .. .. b State what happens immediately before and after this extract i Before 2mks .. ii After 2mks .. c Describe the events that led to Vera and Tommy s break up 3mks .. .. d Identify any two styles in the excerpt 4mks .. .. ..


D Identify any two styles in the excerpt 4mks .. .. .. .. e You have a sister in this town Rewrite this question adding a question tag 1mk .. .. f Describe the character of Vera and Mary-Anne Ngugi as portrayed in this excerpt 4mks i Vera .. .. ii Mary-Anne .. .. g Vera s twin sister had left home unceremoniously. From elsewhere in the novel state what necessitates the sisters departure from home 4mks .. .. .. .. h Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the excerpt 3mks i Creep .. ii Solicitous .. iii Censure .. AnswersQ13. Read the following extract and answer the questions that follow: Mother, I have decided to seek the new religion which you have heard about. You know my life is a painful wound to me and much as I try my heart fills with bitterness- for me and for you . My child, do not feel bitterness for me for I am an old woman who has lived her life. As for you it is better that you seek this new way. It might give you hope and rescue you from bitterness. Bitterness is poison to the spirit for it breeds nothing but vipers some of which might consume your very self. Pain and sorrow all human being feel; but bitterness drops on the spirit like aloes- causing it to wither. I give you my blessing my child. If you are walking along and you find your path leading nowhere, then it is only wise to try some other path. Thank you mother. I will bring you news as soon as I can. May Were protect you. Questions. Place the above extract to its immediate context. 6mks . . . .


. . . You know my life is painful wound. What made Nyabera regard her life as a painful wound? 4mks . . . . In what way was Nyabera s life similar to that of Akoko according to the rest of the novel. 3mks . . . Identify and illustrate one characters trait of Akoko and Nyabera as brought out in this extract. Akoko 2mks . . Nyabera 2mks . . Identify two features of style used in this extract 4mks Pain and sorrow all human being feel. Rewrite this sentences making human the subject of the sentence. 1mk . Briefly explain one theme that is brought out in this extract. 2mks . . AnswersNyabera had gone to philipo to inquire about the new religion. She had then gathered her things and decided to leave her daughter with her mother n Yimbo. Shei informs her mother of her decision to seek the new religion .Her mother encourage her to go ahead and join the new religion and forget her bitters .Immediately after this Nyabera t ravel s to Aluor mission and join the new religion b . Nyabera had suffered a lot in her life because her children had died mysteriously leaving her with only grl child . Ant Her husband had died .Ogoma Kwach who had inherited her had gone to his family c . I . Both had lost their husbands through death ii . Their children had died iii . They were both sonless d . I Akoko- philosophical Bitterness is poison to the spirit for it breeds nothing but viper ii .


Both had lost their husbands through death ii . Their children had died iii . They were both sonless d . I Akoko- philosophical Bitterness is poison to the spirit for it breeds nothing but viper ii . NyaberaBitter You know my wife a painful wound and much as my heart fills with bitterness Religions Decides to seek solace n the new religion May Never protect you Identificant e . Dialogue Mother I have decided .. Simile but bitterness drops on the spirit like aloes .. Use of Non English Were f . Theme of religion Nyabera decides to seek new religion . Theme of human suffering - You know my life is a painful woundQ14. Read the excerpt below and then answer the questions that follow. Brothers, we greet you and bring you many greetings from the people of seme. My nephew, Oloo, son of my late brother Sigu, came to me and said: Father, I have found a girl and I want to get married. Now I am a reasonable man and I know the ways of chik, so I asked him: Son I asked him one does not just find a girl in the air. One sends ajwanyo to go and spy a girl and find out her antecedents and character. Is she a thief or a witch? Is she lazy or shiftless? Might there be consanguinity between you and her? Who is her mother and father? I tell you my brothers that I was flabbergasted to hear that none of these things had crossed his mind. He knew that her mother s name was Maria and her grandmother s name was Akoko and that was all. You will therefore forgive us because we do not know you and you do not know us. We only came because we have faith in our son who has always been a reasonable man. We therefore wish to introduce ourselves before we go on. I am SemoRakula of Seme, our village is near that strange rock- upon-a-rock, Kit-Mikai. We are the descendants of that wear warrior, Nyagudi Kogambi. Oloo and these young men are my sons and nephew .


I am SemoRakula of Seme, our village is near that strange rock- upon-a-rock, Kit-Mikai. We are the descendants of that wear warrior, Nyagudi Kogambi. Oloo and these young men are my sons and nephew . Oloo is a man of learning and what is more a soldier who has fought for the white man in distant landa Now he is a clerk with a big kambi company in Nakuru, where he gets a good salary. So should this suit be acceptable to all you need have no fear that your daughter will starve. I tell you these things because there are things jawang yo would have found out for you. Thank you brothers. A pot of kong o was moved near him and he drew a long refreshing draught. Some things never change-a spokesman needs to irrigate his throat. Brothers, people of Seme. My name is Oyange Silwal The girl Awiti is the only child of my late brother Okumu. We are from Sakwa from the village of Gombe, The girl has group in Gem because her mother being a widow and having converted to Christianity decided to settle here which a good thing is because now she is like light for the rest of us. She is highly educated and a teacher of children. A Place this excerpt in its immediate context. 4marks b Identify and illustrate any three thematic concerns evident in this excerpt. 6marks c Describe the character of Awiti as brought out in this excerpt, 2marks d Apart from the case in this excerpt, explain where again there is a compromise in the brideprice later on in the novel. 2marks e In one sentence, paraphrase the statements below 2marks Brothers, people of Seme. My name is OyangeSilwal The girl Awiti is the only child of my late brotherOkumu. We are from Sakwa from the village of Gombe.


6marks c Describe the character of Awiti as brought out in this excerpt, 2marks d Apart from the case in this excerpt, explain where again there is a compromise in the brideprice later on in the novel. 2marks e In one sentence, paraphrase the statements below 2marks Brothers, people of Seme. My name is OyangeSilwal The girl Awiti is the only child of my late brotherOkumu. We are from Sakwa from the village of Gombe. F We only came because we have faith in our son who has always been a reasonable man. Provide a question tag for the above statement. Lmarks g You will therefore forgive us brothers because we do not know you and you do not know us. In lightof what happens in the novel, why is the speaker begging for forgiveness. 2marks h Identify and illustrate any two stylistic devices evidently used in this excerpt. 4marks i Give the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the excerpt. 2marks Consanguinity; irrigate his throat; AnswersPlace this excerpt in its immediate context 4mks Awiti Elizabeth begins a relationship with Mark Sigu; she introduces the matter to Akoko and Nyabera; Akoko invites her relations and negotiation is fixed .Mark Sigu comes also with his relations. They meet, talk and are entertained. They agree on just a token as a bride price. The talks are concluded and akoko calls Mark for a close talk, they joyously talk. Later on in the night Akoko dies.


They agree on just a token as a bride price. The talks are concluded and akoko calls Mark for a close talk, they joyously talk. Later on in the night Akoko dies. Identify and illustrate any three thematic concerns evident in this excerpt 6mks Love and friendship: Awiti and mark fall in love and marry; Family ties and relations: Akoko s close relatives must be invited for the negotiation so is the family of Mark Sigu. Changes; mark and Awiti want to marry yet they do not know one another s family background; religion: Awiti s mother is said to be converted to Christianity and went to live in the mission; Eduaction: Awiti is said to be an educated girl and is a teacher. Describe the character of Awiti as brought out in this excerpt 2mks Hardworking; she studies very hard and becomes a teacherApart from the case in this excerpt, explain where again there is compromise in the bride price later on in the novel 2mks Wandia s mother does not demand any bride price but only asks Aoro to stay in peace with her daughter. In one sentence, paraphrase the statements below 3mks Brothers, people of seme. My name are OyangeSilwal. The girl Awiti is the only child of my late brother Okumu. We are from Sakwa from the village of Gombe. Oyangesilwal tells the people of Seme that Awiti is the only child of his late brother Okumu and that they are from Sakwa from the clan of GombeWe only came because we have faith in our son has always been a reasonable man. Provide a question tag for the above statement 2mks We only came because we have faith in our son who has always been a reasonable man, didn t we? You will therefore forgive us brothers because we do not know you and you do not know us In light of what happens in the novel, why is the speaker begging for forgiveness 2mks Because it is not customary to get into marriage negotiations without full knowledge of one another s background. Identify any two stylistic devices evidently used in this excerpt 2mks Rhetoric questions: Is she a thief or a witch? Is she lazy or shiftless? Might there be consanguinity between you and her?


Identify any two stylistic devices evidently used in this excerpt 2mks Rhetoric questions: Is she a thief or a witch?Is she lazy or shiftless?Might there be consanguinity between you and her?Who is her mother and father?.........Direct address Brothers we greet you and bring you man greetings. Give the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in the excerpt 2mks Consanguinity;- close relationshipTo irrigate his throat to take a drink to so as to talk with ease.


CAUCASIAN CHALK CIRCLE EXTRACTS ANSWERSQ1. 1. A case is presented to court whereby an innkeeper is accusing his stableman of raping his daughter in law the innkeepers Ludovica. 3 marks 2. These are words used by Azdak as a way of soliciting for a bribe. It implies that he is ready and willing to be bribed. 2 marks 3. The theme of moral decadence. The stable man was caught having sex with Ludovica despite the fact that Ludovica is another man s wife. 4. She entered the stable to see the new foal the stable man observed that it was hot that day. The stable man laid his hand on her left breast she resisted by telling him not to do that The stableman continued handling her indecently That provoked her anger Before she realized his sinful intensions he got closer it was all over when her father in law came and accidentally trod on her Any 4 points 1 mark each . 5. Azdak i Corrupt- He openly accept brides in court I accept ii Persistent he repeats the particularly liked the little roan. Persistently asks to be bribed with the little roan iii Immoral Tells Ludovica to remove her veil possibly to assess how beautiful she is. LUDOVICA i Immoral unfaithful she sleeps with the stable man despite having a husband. Ii Opportunistic she takes advantages of the absence of her husband to have an affair with the stable man. Iii Obedient she complies when she is told to remove her veil by the judge. Identification 1 mark illustration 1 mark each 6. Azdak wants to asses how beautiful Ludovica is possibly to justify her having tempted the stableman. 2 marks 7. The statement is ironical because as it turns out Azdak rules in favour of the stableman and fines Ludovica to hand over the little roan to the court. This is despite the fact that he has already received a bribe from the inkeeper. One would have accepted him to rule in favour of Ludovica 3 marks 8.


The statement is ironical because as it turns out Azdak rules in favour of the stableman and fines Ludovica to hand over the little roan to the court. This is despite the fact that he has already received a bribe from the inkeeper. One would have accepted him to rule in favour of Ludovica 3 marks 8. The statement alludes to the story of the woman who was caught by the Pharisees, committing adultery which was against the laws of Moses and she was presented to Jesus to pass judgement on her. 2 marks 9. I Roan a horse with a mixture of two colours101 1,101 2,101 3 English Top grade predictor publishers Page 9 ii Stables building in which horses are kept. 2 marks Q2. 1 Describe the events leading to this extract. 4 marks Grusha arrives at her brother, Lavrenti s house, seeking shelter but is received coldly by her sister-in-law, who mistreats her. The brother suggests an arranged marriage to Jussup, a dying man. Grusha accepts the deal in order to get her son an identity and a roof over his head. Shelter They arrive at the mother-in-law home where a ceremony is conducted by a cheap monk, invited by the mother-in-law. Grusha takes the vow as the mother-in-law responds on behalf of the dying man. 1mrk each 4mrks 2 Explain what the guests mean by the statement The grand Duke is back 2 marks The Grand Duke, the ruler of Grusinia , had earlier been overthrown by the princes who had led a revolt against him. The Grand Duke went into hiding for two years, and was able to fight back to power with the help of the king of Persia. 3 Why does the mother-in-law welcome the guests to eat cakes? 1 mark To celebrate the wedding of Grusha and her son Jussup. 4 Identify and explain three ironic situations in this extract. 6 marks The shah of Persia is supposed to be the enemy of Grusinia yet he lends an army to the Grand Duke that restored him to power.


1 mark To celebrate the wedding of Grusha and her son Jussup. 4 Identify and explain three ironic situations in this extract. 6 marks The shah of Persia is supposed to be the enemy of Grusinia yet he lends an army to the Grand Duke that restored him to power. The old woman thinks Grusha s reaction is about Jussup yet she is excited by the possibility of meeting her dear Simon. It is ironic that the guests are concerned that taxes will go up instead of appreciating the prospects of peace after the war. 22 Many of the soldiers are coming back from Persia with saddles yet they need crutches since they have lost their legs. 5 Identify and explain two themes in this extract 4 marks i The effects of war Taxation would go up Disability through loss of limbs Loss through negligence of farming activities. Break up of families relationships. Ii Love and affection Grusha is excited at the prospects of Simon s return. She is overwhelmed at the sight of a Persian product-evidence that war is over. She even kneels down in prayer. Takes the silver cross and chain out her blouse, and kisses it. Iii Religion Grusha kneels down in prayer. Any other relevant theme. 1 mrk id; 1 mrk ill 6. What happens immediately after this extract? 3 marks Jussup reprimands his mother for wasting his money on cakes. Jussup demands to see the wife he has been saddled with. The mother-in-law is shocked as Jussup climbs out of bed and staggers into the other room. The guests are also amazed to see him walk. He sends them out of the house and for the first time, he sarcastically speaks to Grusha any three pts, 1 mk each 3 7. What makes the dying man sit bolt upright? 2 mark He learns about the end of war hence, the dying man Jussup becomes excited because he had evaded serving in the military8. Did someone say the soldiers are back? GRUSHA asked. Rewrite the sentence in reported speech. 1 mark Grusha asked whether someone had said that the soldiers were back. 9.


Rewrite the sentence in reported speech. 1 mark Grusha asked whether someone had said that the soldiers were back. 9. The mother-in-law s action was an effort in futility. Do you agree with this assertion? Justify your response. 2 marks Yes 1 mark Grusha is already engaged to simon and they get re-united after the war. 1 mark Q3. A Before: Grusha washes linen by the stream accompanied by Michael. She advises him to go and play with the other children. As the children play, they re-enact the beheading of the Governor, Michael s father. However, instead of playing the Governor, Michael insists that he be allowed to behead the fat boy. Unexpectedly, Simon appears and he seems prepared to marry Grusha. After: Grusha looks up at Simon in despair in tears. Simon stares before him, picks up a piece of wood and enquires if there is a little one already, to which Grusha admits but says the child is not hers 4mks b By a stream, Grusha is washing linen 1mk c Strained Relationship - Simon learns that all is not well and the relationship may be headed to the rocks. Grusha is reluctant to reveal fully what has happened, but Simon can tell there is a problem. He says: Nothing stands between us and yet there is something? 4mks d At the gateway of the church square. Simon a palace guard is flirting with Grusha a kitchen maid . Simon reveals that he often hides behind a bush and watches over Grusha as she washes linen in the river so that he can see her dip her legs. After learning this, Grusha feels embarrassed and runs off enraged 3mks e Because she is already married to Jussup the dying man . She had to get married to protect Michael. In addition, she needed to leave her brother s house because of the inquisitive sister in-law. The laws do not allow one to have a child out of wedlock and similarly it does not allow one to leave the husband, thus Grusha is stuck up in the Northern Mountains 3mks f Faithful: - He comes back for Grusha just like he had promised. He is now prepared to marry her. This shows his commitment.


The laws do not allow one to have a child out of wedlock and similarly it does not allow one to leave the husband, thus Grusha is stuck up in the Northern Mountains 3mks f Faithful: - He comes back for Grusha just like he had promised. He is now prepared to marry her. This shows his commitment. Humorous - he is lively and jocular. He tells Grusha, he wasn t eaten because they found better fish. He also asks if a certain lady still dips her feet in water. This eases the tension between him and Grusha in this excerpt 4mks g i Other soldiers died in the war but Simon survived. He returned to theMountains safely. 2mks ii Happily 1mk h Love - Simon comes back to look for Grusha - Grusha assures Simon that everything is just as it was Betrayal - Simon feels betrayed when Grusha indicates that she is no longer called what she used to be called. Q4. A He has just seen Grusha who has promised to wait for him and marry him. 2 marks b A coup has just been staged against the Governor who has been assassinated. The Adjutant wants to take Natella out of the city to a safe place. 2 marks c Natella rummages through the trunks for some time looking for her wine-coloured dress , and when they finally leave they forget Michael behind. The baby is handed to Grusha by Maro. 3marks d i Natella:Materialistic she is preoccupied with her dresses that she would take with her instead of worrying about her child. 2marks accept any relevant trait from the ones given below Indecisive she does not exactly know what she wants or what is good for her. She says she is not sure if her head is still on. Foolish unwise she tells the servant to put Michael down so she can help her select the dresses she will take along. Abusive she abuses her servants both physically and verbally. For example, she calls one of them a bitch, and then hits her. Ii Shalva Tzereteli:Loyal. He remains loyal to the late Governor.


A Grusha is motivated by the following: The flight has been exhaustive and the baby heavy. Fears that Simon might return in her absence. She has smelt the milk from the peasant woman s farm. 4 x1 4 mks b Features of style: Symbolism fine linen symbolic of affluence Royalty Metaphor you cannot vomit in my room Humour Any 2 x illus 4 mks c She has realized she has divulged important information concerning the child which can easily sell him out to the enemy. 2 mks d The Ironshirts are pursuing the baby having been mandated by the Fat Prince with an intention of killing the child. He would want to kill him as he is the heir to the Governor. 3 mks e Grusha Protective is bent on protecting the baby from the ironshirts and this is why she runs back to the house. Cunning cheats the corporal that she had left the milk on the stove Dishonest Caring Identification illus 2 mks Corporal Perverted Immoral Humorous Identification illus 2 mks f Grusha meets the same corporal; later in when Matella sues Grusha for stealing the baby. As she is led to court she bumps into him and confirms the same by a huge scar on the face. G Must you? 1 mk h After this excerpt the peasant woman betrays Grusha by telling the Corporal that it is Grusha who had left the baby. The corporal sees the baby in the crib. 2 mks Bawl short loudly in an unpleasant manner 1mk Run him through , kill him by sticking a lance. 1mk Carnal glance a look with some sexual desire 1 mk NB: The meaning of the phrases should be consistent with the tense of the words. Q7.


2 mks Bawl short loudly in an unpleasant manner 1mk Run him through , kill him by sticking a lance. 1mk Carnal glance a look with some sexual desire 1 mk NB: The meaning of the phrases should be consistent with the tense of the words. Q7. Before the excerpt, a coup has taken place in which the Grand Duke is overthrown and Azdak has found a fugitive Old Man and he is helping him to his hut. After the excerpt, Azdak accommodates the Grand Duke and he later denounces himself to the police . 2. He is the Grand Duke and he is being pursued to be killed . 3. Corruption Azdak steals rabbit from the Prince. -The landowner squeezed twice the usual amount of taxes out of them. Impunity Azdak is not punished for stealing rabbits. Injustice They hanged him like a common criminal because he was a Turk he couldn t do much about it. 4. He has visited Azdak s home so as to arrest him . 5. Azdak says that rabbits are dangerous and destructive beast yet they are harmless . It s ironical that Azdak welcomes a stranger to his home yet he doesn t trust him . 6. Azdak -Corrupt he steals rabbit from the Prince. When one of the Prince s rabbit is stolen Inquisitive he asks the Old Man a lot of questions Make what? A proposition? Welcoming he gives the old man food though he s a stranger, encircle the cheese on the plate.. Intelligent How often must I tell you I m a man of intellect? Shauwa-Na ve he negotiates with Azdak on whether to arrest him Azdak I m a policeman, what should I do with an offending party? . Old Man- Illiterate doesn t speak coherently, Pursued. Need Undivided attention. Untrustworthy In short, I don t trust you. Fearful he stand trembling in the corner 1 mark for identification, 1 mark for illustration N B Accept any other well illustrated trait. 7. I must explain how a poor man behaves. 8.


7. I must explain how a poor man behaves. 8. Laying his elbows on the table. Encircling the cheese on the plate holding the knife like an undersized sickle. Giving the cheese a troubled look. 9. A. Insolence extremely rude and showing lack of respect. B. Exterminated killed all members of a group. C. Ignoramus a person who does not have much knowledge. Q8. A There is a coup and the governor is arrested and executed People in homestead free for their safety In her hurry to leave Natella ,the governors wife leaves her child behind After watching over the child overnight and realizing nobody is coming back for him Grusha decides to take baby. Peace returns and Natella want her baby back . The case is presided over by judge Azdak between Grusha and Natellab He says that Mother bore the child Blood is thicker than water. She carried the baby in her womb. She fed the baby with her blood. She borne it with pain. She is affected negatively emotionally by the loss of her child. Any 4 4x1 mrks c The lawyer point out that ,even herself does not claim any blood relationship between her and the child 1mrk d Greedy, materialism, Egocentric, Hypocritical any 1, well illustrated 2mks The lawyer reveals that she want the child in order to acquire her husband estate which is tied to Michael the heir Hypocritical She claims that she has suffered bereavement anxiety and sleepless night while the cook tell us she left her child behind because all she was thinking about was shoes and dresses she had to take along . Ii Grusha:- Caring ,Motherly ,Possessive, Kind ,Generous ,Loving ,Disciplined ,strict , Principled ,Honest 1mk for 1 indent illustrated any other well illustrated and relevant award. 2x2 2mks e Greed, Materialism Conflict Negligence Irresponsibility indent 1mrk illus 1mk any other relevant and well illustrated 2x2 4mks f She was concerned about her own welfare 1mk g Rhetorical question Is there a more ultimate relationship?


Any 4 4x1 mrks c The lawyer point out that ,even herself does not claim any blood relationship between her and the child 1mrk d Greedy, materialism, Egocentric, Hypocritical any 1, well illustrated 2mks The lawyer reveals that she want the child in order to acquire her husband estate which is tied to Michael the heir Hypocritical She claims that she has suffered bereavement anxiety and sleepless night while the cook tell us she left her child behind because all she was thinking about was shoes and dresses she had to take along . Ii Grusha:- Caring ,Motherly ,Possessive, Kind ,Generous ,Loving ,Disciplined ,strict , Principled ,Honest 1mk for 1 indent illustrated any other well illustrated and relevant award. 2x2 2mks e Greed, Materialism Conflict Negligence Irresponsibility indent 1mrk illus 1mk any other relevant and well illustrated 2x2 4mks f She was concerned about her own welfare 1mk g Rhetorical question Is there a more ultimate relationship? -Can one tear a child from its mother? Ellipsis-to show somebody was cut off Mid sentenced-We agree .. was seen with the baby .. Irony Natella leaving her child and later claiming it -Natella using her child as a tool to acquire wealth. Any 2 well illustrated 2 mks any other relevant-award 4mks h Title given to a respected person -Respect or action of giving respect -Privilege 2mks i In her womb she carried it 1mks Q9. A Circumstances that lead the speaker to say these words: am accused of instigating war? This is said by Azdak who is role playing the Grand Duke. The Grand Duke has been accused by the princess of instigating the war. In the play within a play the Iron Shirts have decided to put Bizergan Kazbeki who has been proposed by Arsen Kabeki as he next judge through a rehearsal to test his ability as a judge. What follows then is the mock trial. B Why the nephew is reluctant to try the case.


In the play within a play the Iron Shirts have decided to put Bizergan Kazbeki who has been proposed by Arsen Kabeki as he next judge through a rehearsal to test his ability as a judge. What follows then is the mock trial. B Why the nephew is reluctant to try the case. Since he obviously does not have what it takes to be a judge or probably because he knows the role the princes, and particularly his uncle played in causing Grusinia to lose the war. 2 x 1 2mks c Who is responsible for instigating the war. The princes are responsible for instigating the war. Azdak says that the war was started on the advice of patriot s like uncle Kazbeki who is a prince . The nephew supports this when he says one can t be arraigned for declaring a war. D At least two dominant themes in this extract. I Abuse of power officers flog soldiers only on command. Land owners sleep with peasant s wives only on the strictest command. Ii Irresponsibility Azdak accuses the princess of having failed in the responsibility because they sent sick horses to war and during attack they were drinking in whore houses. Iii Greed and materialism The princess are also said to have embezzled funds. The princes are also said to have benefited in he war because they got 3,863,000 piasters for horses not delivered and 8,240,000 piasters for food supplies not produced. NB: Any 2 well developed themes. 4mks e Two character traits of Arsen Kazbek as brought out in this extract. Contemptuous seems to have no respect for Azdak. He refers to him as madcap which would mean a lunatic, also refers to him as a carpet weaver. Manipulative He seems to manipulate the nephew so that he can achieve his goals. He tells him answer him my little fox, I am with you. Irrational emotional Even before the nephew can pass the verdict, he has already started shouting that Azdak should be hanged. Cunning sly He keeps referring to the nephew as Little fox. He also cunningly wants the nephew installed as the Judge to serve his own purpose. 4mks f Two stylistic devices and comment on their effectiveness.


He tells him answer him my little fox, I am with you. Irrational emotional Even before the nephew can pass the verdict, he has already started shouting that Azdak should be hanged. Cunning sly He keeps referring to the nephew as Little fox. He also cunningly wants the nephew installed as the Judge to serve his own purpose. 4mks f Two stylistic devices and comment on their effectiveness. I Imagery simile cannot be watchdog if you howl like wolf meaning the nephew can t be judge, if he is irrational. To be judge you need to be level headed. This draws the attention of the audience to the fact that the prices are as guilty as the Duke. This man talks like a carpet weaver shows the contempt Kazbeki has for Azdak. Ii Metaphors my little fox Kazbeki refers to his nephew thus bringing in the cunning nature of the nephew and in equal measure that of the Fat Prince. Just as the fox is cunning, so is the nephew. Iii Play within a play Azdak role plays the Grand Duke who has been accused of instigating the war and causing Grusinia to lose the war. 6mks g Ironic twist that takes place in this extract. Immediately after this, the Fat Prince says that the rehearsal is enough and asks the Iron Shirts to ratify the new judge s appointment. Obviously he thinks that the Iron shirts will settle on his nephew as the new judge, but ironically the Ironshirts declare Azdak as the new judge. NB: For a candidate to score, the Irony must be brought out. 2mks Q10. A The singer highlights Grusha s escape to the Northern Mountain. How she sang a song, bought some milk and carried the baby in a sack. B Grusha had Michael who is the governor s heir. He is supposed to automatically take over as governor, a situation that jeopardizes Kazbeki s current position. For Kazbeki to be assured of his seat, Michael had to be killed. C Hateful spiteful contemptuous says kill the soldiers if you want milk. Critical old man says the soldiers from city have our goats. D Loving motherly she flees to the Northern mountains to protect the baby from the Iron shirts.


C Hateful spiteful contemptuous says kill the soldiers if you want milk. Critical old man says the soldiers from city have our goats. D Loving motherly she flees to the Northern mountains to protect the baby from the Iron shirts. Sacrifices a week s wages. Determined to protect the boy no matter what. Insolent says to old man may lightning strike you. Selfless sacrifices a week s pay to buy milk. E Reveals the Ironshirts as determined and Grusha as enduring and vulnerable. F Sarcasm old man tells Grusha to kill the soldiers if she wants milk. Rhetoric questions Three piasters for this little drop? Metaphor Bloodhounds, butchers. Any two g It is a murderous business you have here and sinful too, isn t it? H Materialism old man sells milk expensively. Selflessness Grusha buys milk expensively. I This is an expensive joke Refers to the milk that is too little yet exorbitantly bought. And for a God-bless-you eh?- For free of charge. Blood hounds A large dog used for finding where someone is or has been.


A DOLL S HOUSE- ESSAY QUESTIONS AND SAMPLE ESSAYSHow could the submissive, selfish and silly Nora of the first two acts transform herself into an independent woman by the end of the last act? Is the transformation realistic? While Nora puts on a convincing performance of being a submissive, selfish and foolish woman during the first act, there are early signs that this is not the real her. When she asks Torvald for more money despite having just been on a spending spree, she appears selfish and grasping. But we soon discover, in her conversation with Mrs Linde, that she is not squandering the money to satisfy her own desires, but using it to pay off the loan she took out in order to save her husband's life. In doing so, she has denied herself new things so that her husband and children can have all they need. Her arranging the loan and the trip to Italy - and her subsequent careful management of money and of her secret - show an astonishing strength of character. In addition, she secretly takes jobs to pay off the loan, a step towards the independence she finally embraces. But in the first two acts, Nora does not dare to acknowledge her own strength, let alone use it. There are many reasons for this. Chief among them are that her beloved Torvald, and society in general, would not comfortably countenance such strength in a woman. So it is easier for Nora to keep her head below the parapet rather than risk the consequences of showing herself as she is. Nora's submissiveness to Torvald is not all it seems. By playing the doll-child according to his wishes, she manipulates him into the role of indulgent father-figure. But in spite of her skill at 'managing' him, there is one instance in which she desperately wants him to adopt the manly and dominant role: she wants him to rescue her from the ruin caused by Krogstad's revelations. When he fails to provide the strength she needs, she realizes that she no longer loves him, as he is not the man she thought him. It is almost inevitable that she is forced to find that strength within herself. Her realization that she wants to pursue her independence is not so much a transformation as an awakening to a strength she has possessed all along. In what way does A Doll's House explore social issues? A Doll's House shines a searchlight on Victorian society, drawing attention to its hypocrisy and use of public opinion to suppress individuality.


Her realization that she wants to pursue her independence is not so much a transformation as an awakening to a strength she has possessed all along. In what way does A Doll's House explore social issues? A Doll's House shines a searchlight on Victorian society, drawing attention to its hypocrisy and use of public opinion to suppress individuality. The critic Bjorn Hemmer, in an essay in The Cambridge Companion to Ibsen, wrote: "The people who live in such a society know the weight of 'public opinion' and of all those agencies which keep watch over society's 'law and order': the norms, the conventions and the traditions which in essence belong to the past but which continue into the present and there thwart individual liberty in a variety of ways. "Torvald lives by society's norms, and when faced with a choice of whether to support his wife or society, he sides with society. When he realizes that she has broken the law in forging her father's signature on the loan document, he never questions the morality of such a law: it is left to Nora to do that. His aim is to preserve the appearance of respectability and ensure his continued acceptance in society. He has become so shaped by society's conventions that he cannot see his wife's suffering. In The Cambridge Companion to Ibsen, Gail Finney writes that in Ibsen's own notes for this play, he notes that a mother in modern society is "like certain insects who go away and die when she has done her duty in the propagation of the race.". This view is confirmed by Torvald's rejection of Nora when he discovers her secret; he says she is not fit to bring up their children if her reputation is tarnished. For Torvald, public life has obscured and overtaken private self. In order to find out who she is and what she wants, Nora has to reject the life that society prescribes for her as a wife and mother, and strike out on her own. ". I am going to see," she tells Torvald in Act 3, "who is right, the world or I."But this is not simple. The nineteenth century saw a huge shift from the old social order of self-improvement within a stable rural society to a new social order founded on money. But women at the time could not control money without the authority of the man who 'owned' them, be it husband, brother or father.


"I am going to see," she tells Torvald in Act 3, "who is right, the world or I."But this is not simple. The nineteenth century saw a huge shift from the old social order of self-improvement within a stable rural society to a new social order founded on money. But women at the time could not control money without the authority of the man who 'owned' them, be it husband, brother or father. Single and lone women like Mrs Linde had more control over their lives and money than married women, who were discouraged from taking jobs and had to surrender money matters to their husbands. But as Mrs Linde's story shows, having no male 'provider' brought its own problems. In sum, women had little power. Power lay with people like Torvald, who is a banker and lawyer. Torvald is able to dictate the fate not only of his family but of Mrs Linde by giving her a job and Krogstad by giving away his job . He is gratified by the prospect of sacking Krogstad because he disapproves of his morality. In effect, the Torvalds of this world defined morality. As we have seen with regard to Nora's crime, they also defined the law, and therefore, who was a criminal. It is worth noting that Ibsen based the episode of Nora's forgery on a similar 'crime' committed by a female friend of his, which ended tragically for her, so he was drawing attention to what he saw as a genuine social problem. He supported economic reform that would protect women's property and befriended European feminists. Other social issues addressed in the play include how women should be educated, both for the responsibilities of family and for self-fulfillment; the right of women to define their role in the family and society; the degrading effects of poverty on self-fulfillment as with Mrs Linde and the Nurse ; and the scourge of venereal disease as suffered by Dr Rank . How do different characters use the words "free" and "freedom"? How does the use of these words change throughout the play? It is Torvald who introduces the concept of freedom in the play, claiming that "There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt.". He defines freedom in economic terms, as befits an age where power depended upon money.


How do different characters use the words "free" and "freedom"? How does the use of these words change throughout the play? It is Torvald who introduces the concept of freedom in the play, claiming that "There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt.". He defines freedom in economic terms, as befits an age where power depended upon money. He is also adopting society's values, as debt was disapproved of and considered a sign of moral degeneracy. The dramatic irony behind his words lies in the fact that Torvald would not have any life at all if his wife had not gone into debt, though he does not realize this. Like Torvald, Krogstad sees freedom as moral respectability in the eyes of society. His job at the bank is the means by which he will "cut himself free" from the stigma of his "indiscretion" of forgery. The problem with this approach is that his "freedom" depends upon the whim of his employer, who also sits in moral judgment on him and can withdraw his job if he finds that he falls short in that respect. Mrs Linde feels proud that by working hard, she was able to support her brothers and mother, and "I was privileged to make the end of my mother's life almost free from care.". Like Torvald, she is defining freedom in economic terms. But she is operating at a lower economic level than he is. She is talking of being able to provide the necessities of life, whereas he is talking of the relative luxury of being free from debt. In Act 1, Nora is delighted that soon she will have paid off her debt to Krogstad and will be "free from care, quite free from care; to be able to play and romp with the children; to be able to keep the house beautifully and have everything just as Torvald likes it!". At this point, she defines her freedom in terms of the very things that as she later realizes restrict her: her role as a submissive wife and mother. By the end of Act 2, Krogstad's letter revealing Nora's debt and forgery of her father's signature is sitting in Torvald's letterbox. Nora, who fears yet hopes that Torvald will shield her by taking the entire blame upon himself, means to disappear or commit suicide, thereby saving him from disgrace.


In Act 1, Nora is delighted that soon she will have paid off her debt to Krogstad and will be "free from care, quite free from care; to be able to play and romp with the children; to be able to keep the house beautifully and have everything just as Torvald likes it!". At this point, she defines her freedom in terms of the very things that as she later realizes restrict her: her role as a submissive wife and mother. By the end of Act 2, Krogstad's letter revealing Nora's debt and forgery of her father's signature is sitting in Torvald's letterbox. Nora, who fears yet hopes that Torvald will shield her by taking the entire blame upon himself, means to disappear or commit suicide, thereby saving him from disgrace. She tells him: "Then you will be free.". Thus Torvald will maintain his respectability by means of Nora's obliterating herself from his world. At the end of the play, Nora has been awakened to Torvald's narrow-mindedness and no longer sees freedom in terms of bondage to him or obliteration of herself. On the contrary, she defines freedom for herself and Torvald as complete independence from each other, as she leaves the marriage to forge a new life for herself: "I set you free from all your obligations. You are not to feel yourself bound in the slightest way, any more than I shall. There must be perfect freedom on both sides. "Compare Torvald s and Nora s attitudes toward money. Torvald and Nora s first conversation establishes Torvald as the member of the household who makes and controls the money and Nora as the one who spends it. Torvald repeatedly teases Nora about her spending, and at one point Mrs. Linde points out that Nora was a big spender in her younger days. These initial comments paint Nora as a shallow woman who is overly concerned with -material delights. Yet Nora s generous tip to the porter in the play s opening scene shows that she is not a selfish woman. More important, once the secret of Nora s loan is made known to the audience, we see that Nora s interest in money stems more from her concern for her family s welfare than from petty desires. We realize that the excitement she has expressed over Torvald s new, well-paying job results from the fact that more spending money means she can finally pay off her debt to Krogstad.


Yet Nora s generous tip to the porter in the play s opening scene shows that she is not a selfish woman. More important, once the secret of Nora s loan is made known to the audience, we see that Nora s interest in money stems more from her concern for her family s welfare than from petty desires. We realize that the excitement she has expressed over Torvald s new, well-paying job results from the fact that more spending money means she can finally pay off her debt to Krogstad. While Torvald seems less enthralled by money because he doesn t talk about it except to chastise Nora for her spending, he is obsessed with having a beautiful home, including a beautiful wife. He considers these things important to his reputation, and keeping up this reputation requires money. Although Torvald accuses Nora of wasting money, Nora spends her money mostly on worthy causes, whereas Torvald uses his for selfish, shallow purposes. Why does Torvald constantly reprimand Nora for her wastefulness and foolishness while simultaneously supporting her behavior? What insight does this contradiction give us into Torvald and Nora s relationship? Torvald perceives Nora as a foolish woman who is ignorant of the way society works, but he likes Nora s foolishness and ignorance because they render her helpless and therefore dependent on him. It soon becomes clear to us that Nora s dependence, not Torvald s love for Nora as a person, forms the foundation of Torvald s affection for her. In Act One, Torvald teases Nora about wasting money but then tries to please her by graciously giving her more. Similarly, he points out her faults but then says he doesn t want her to change a bit. He clearly enjoys keeping Nora in a position where she cannot function in the world without him, even if it means that she remains foolish. In general, Torvald disapproves of any kind of change in Nora s constant, obedient demeanor because he needs to control her behavior. When Nora begins to dance the tarantella wildly in Act Two, he is unsettled. In Act One, Nora says that it would humiliate Torvald if he knew he was secretly in debt to her for his life, indicating that Torvald wants the power in his marriage to be one-sided rather than mutual. Compare and contrast Mrs. Linde and Nora at the end of the play. By the end of Act Three, both Nora and Mrs. Linde have entered new phases in their lives.


Linde and Nora at the end of the play. By the end of Act Three, both Nora and Mrs. Linde have entered new phases in their lives. Nora has chosen to abandon her children and her husband because she wants independence from her roles as mother and wife. In contrast, Mrs. Linde has chosen to abandon her independence to marry Krogstad and take care of his family. She likes having people depend on her, and independence does not seem to fulfill her. Despite their apparent opposition, both Nora s and Mrs. Linde s decisions allow them to fulfill their respective personal desires. They have both chosen their own fates, freely and without male influence. Ibsen seems to feel that the nature of their choices is not as important as the fact that both women make the choices themselves. Using specific examples, discuss how Ibsen's "progress from one work to the other" is due to a "perpetual scrutiny of the same general questions regarded from different points of view. "Do you feel that Ibsen's drama is "dated"? To defend your view, cite dramatic themes in these plays which you consider to be universal, or limited in scope. Show how the first act forewarns the audience of almost all the forthcoming events in the rest of the drama. Point out some instances where Ibsen is able to "externalize" inner problems by using effective symbols. At least one character in each play prefers an imaginary view of life to a realistic viewpoint. With this in mind, discuss the life-view of Torvald Helmer. In what ways does the vocation of Torvald Helmer provide additional insight into his character? Devise an alternative ending for A Doll's House, trying not to violate Ibsen's dramatic thesis. Defend either your new conclusion or the inviolability of Ibsen's original ending. Explain the symbolic significance of hereditary disease in A Doll's House. Do today's women face the same sort of barriers that women did in Nora's time? In what ways is Torvald caged by societal expectations? What about the other men in the play? Krogstad? Dr. Rank? What is important about the title? Who is the "doll" Ibsen refers to? Who is the more significant female character in terms of plot development, Nora or Kristine? Explain your answer. Do you think Kristine's decision not to prevent Krogstad from revealing the truth to Torvald is a betrayal of Nora?


Who is the more significant female character in terms of plot development, Nora or Kristine?Explain your answer. Do you think Kristine's decision not to prevent Krogstad from revealing the truth to Torvald is a betrayal of Nora?Does this act ultimately hurt or benefit Nora?How does Henrik Ibsen reveal character in A Doll's House?Is Nora a sympathetic character?Did your opinion of Nora change from the beginning of the play to its conclusionDoes the play end the way you expected?Do you think this was a happy ending?A Doll's House is generally considered a feminist work. Do you agree with this characterization?Why or why not?How essential is the setting, both in terms of time period and location?Could the play have taken place anywhere else?Would the final outcome have had the same impact if A Doll's House had been set in the present day?Why or why not?Knowing that the plot is based on a series of events that happened to a female friend of Ibsen's, did it bother you that he used Laura Kieler's story without it benefiting her?Which actress would you cast as Nora if you were to stage a production of A Doll's House?Who would play Torvald?Why is the choice of actor important to the role?Explain your choices.


The Pearl GuideThe Pearl by John SteinbeckBelow are the Essential Questions, Theme Topics Motifs , Thematic Questions, and Key Literary Terms that we will use for our analysis of The Pearl. These questions, theme topics, and terms will guide our discussion and analysis during this unit, so it is important for you to be familiar with them as you read. Use this overview to help guide your annotations and read through the background information before you read the novel. Essential Questions How does parable transcend time and place to employ a universal theme? What makes a theme universal? Why are symbols useful to writers and their audience? How can writing be used to effect change in society? Theme Topics Motifs from The PearlDuring your reading and annotating of The Pearl look for and mark passages that make a point or statement about these possible theme topics: Money, Possessions, Greed: Look for passages quotes dealing with the quest formoney and the desire for things of the material world, as well as references to the stepswhich people will take to attain those things. Also, look for passages quotes that implythat money can buy happiness. Social Oppression: Look for passages quotes dealing with the oppression of theMexican Indians in the portrayal of the doctor, the priest, the pearl buyers, and thetrackers. Watch for details which show how Kino and his people are treateddisrespectfully, taken advantage of, and discriminated against. Man as a part of nature: Look for passages quotes which illustrate similaritiesbetween humans and other species through comparisons. NOTICE the frequent imagesSteinbeck uses and think of how these passages reflect or foreshadow give hints aboutfuture events HUMAN events. Kino s songs: Look for passages quotes with references to the music Kino hears the three types of songs he hears and their significance. Pay particular attention toWHEN and UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES he hears a particular song. Good vs. Evil: Look for passages quotes that reflect images and ideas of darknesslight,good- evil, brightness- dimness, day- night, black- white, etc. Appearance vs. Reality: Look for passages quotes that refer to things not beingwhat they seem.


Evil: Look for passages quotes that reflect images and ideas of darknesslight,good- evil, brightness- dimness, day- night, black- white, etc. Appearance vs. Reality: Look for passages quotes that refer to things not beingwhat they seem. Consider looking for passages quotes about visions, haze, mirages,dreams, vagueness, ghostly gleams, illusions, etc. Thematic Questions How does oppression manifest in both the community and individual? How can society s wrongs be righted? How much control does an individual have over his her success in life? How can we determine if something or someone is what or who they appear to be? Can money or desire change an individual? Is money necessary to be successful in life? What is the difference between good and evil? Are there any shades of gray? Honors English IThe Pearl Remember that a Literary Theme is the controlling idea of a story an arguable comment or statement an author makes about the nature of humankind orsociety a truth that can be taken from the specifics of the story and applied to society in general some human truth that the author wants the reader to understand about life, the human experience, or human natureKey Literary Terms: theme, motif, characterization, conflict, symbolism, parable, allegory, setting, metaphor, simile, personification, figurative language, imagery, Freytag s Plot PyramidThe Pearl Background InformationAuthor: John Steinbeck 1902-1968 was born in Salinas,California the son of poor parents. Although he was educated at Stanford University and became a celebrated writer, he never forgot his origins. Growing up in working class towns, he became an excellent observer of human nature and later wrote about the people he lived around workers including Mexican-American and migrant workers. He discovered the harsh reality that these people were often treated poorly and without respect and had little means of defending themselves. As a result, many of the characters he wrote about were down and out, isolated and oppressed.


Growing up in working class towns, he became an excellent observer of human nature and later wrote about the people he lived around workers including Mexican-American and migrant workers. He discovered the harsh reality that these people were often treated poorly and without respect and had little means of defending themselves. As a result, many of the characters he wrote about were down and out, isolated and oppressed. They represent the struggle theme of his novels principally the struggle between the poor andthe wealthy, the weak and the strong, good and evil, and between cultures or civilizations. These themes are all evident in The Pearl. Origins: In 1940, Steinbeck set out on a sailing expedition to study marine life in the Gulf of California, hoping to find universal patterns in marine species that would help him understand life in general. During this trip, Steinbeck heard about the legend of a Mexican fisher boy who had found an enormous pearl that had brought him much misery. Steinbeck developed this legend into the novel The Pearl. As you read The Pearl, watch for details about the plant and animal life in the Gulf and the many metaphors comparisons , images and themes Steinbeck uses which are connected to these details. Setting: The events of The Pearl take place sometime around the 1900 on an estuary mouth of the river somewhere on the coast of Mexico in the town of La Paz. On a map the long peninsula which descends from California is called BAJA CALIFORNIA. It is part of Mexico and is separated from the rest of Mexico by the Gulf of California, also known as the Sea of Cortez. Honors English I The PearlHistorical Background and Social Culture: At the time the story takes place, the Indians of Mexico had already been under the domination of people of Spanish descent for 300 years. The governing class was primarily made up of those of Spanish descent and the Roman Catholic Church who, together, kept the Mexican Indians at the bottom of the social hierarchy or social ladder. In most cases, the Indians were not allowed to attend school or own land. Keeping people uneducated and dependent keeps them oppressed . Although Spanish culture and Catholic rituals were forced upon the Indians, they fiercely held onto many of their spiritual beliefs, cultures, and customs of their various tribes. WATCH FOR EVIDENCE OF THIS IN THE NOVEL!


Keeping people uneducated and dependent keeps them oppressed . Although Spanish culture and Catholic rituals were forced upon the Indians, they fiercely held onto many of their spiritual beliefs, cultures, and customs of their various tribes. WATCH FOR EVIDENCE OF THIS IN THE NOVEL! Style: The Pearl is a short novel or novella which is told in the form of an allegory or PARABLE a short, simple work with little dialogue illustrating a lesson or a larger truth often on the subject of good and evil. In a PARABLE, good and evil are clearly defined everything is black and white, there are no shades of gray. For instance, the good characters have names, and the bad characters have no names. The characters andaction symbolize certain universal ideas or concepts and the readers attach their ownmeaning to these symbols. Point of View: The Pearl is told by an all knowing OMNISCIENT third-person narratorwho is observing the characters and their actions from outside the story. Comment: The reader is told in the preface, In the town they tell the story of the great pearl how it was found and how it was lost again If this story is a parable, perhaps everyone takes his own meaning from it and reads his own life into it. Thus begins Steinbeck s novel of good and evil, The Pearl. It is the timeless tale of the Mexican-Indian fisherman Kino, his wife Juana, and their infant son, Coyotito. It tells of how Kino finds the Pearl of the World and dreams of breaking out of the trap of poverty and ignorance that oppresses him and his family. The violence that follows his dreams, but brings him a greater understanding of himself and the realities of the world in which he lives. As you read, consider what meaning you take from Kino s story. Other Well-Known Novels By Steinbeck:Tortilla Flat 1935 The Red Pony 1937 Of Mice and Men 1937 The Grapes of Wrath 1939 Cannery Row 1945 East of Eden 1952 The Winter of Our Discontent 1961 Travels With Charley 1962 Honors English IThe PearlThe Pearl Literature GuideAs you read The Pearl, complete the following questions. These questions will help you remember and reflect onimportant plot and literary elements techniques from the reading, so that your analysis is more in-depth.


As you read, consider what meaning you take from Kino s story. Other Well-Known Novels By Steinbeck:Tortilla Flat 1935 The Red Pony 1937 Of Mice and Men 1937 The Grapes of Wrath 1939 Cannery Row 1945 East of Eden 1952 The Winter of Our Discontent 1961 Travels With Charley 1962 Honors English IThe PearlThe Pearl Literature GuideAs you read The Pearl, complete the following questions. These questions will help you remember and reflect onimportant plot and literary elements techniques from the reading, so that your analysis is more in-depth. Thestory is simple, but because it is an allegory, there is deeper meaning at every turn. Read between the lines andanalyze characters, setting, imagery, symbols, etc. The Pearl is a short novella and reading it several times beforethe start of the school year will offer you a more in-depth understanding. Chapter 1 pg. 3-13 1. Where does the story open? The story opens in Kino s hut, located on the beach. The beach is on the Gulf of Mexico, but this information is not revealed until Chapter 2. 2. Who are the main characters introduced at the beginning of this chapter? Kino, his wife, Juana, and his infant son, Coyotito3. Where does Coyotito sleep? In a hanging box4. What did Kino s people do? They were makers of great songs. Everything they saw, thought, did, heard or experienced became a song. 5. What is the Song of the Family? The sounds of the family waking Juana talking to Coyotito, Juana fanning the fire into flames, and the rhythm of the grinding stone that Juana used to work the corn for morning cakes. 6. What kind of morning did Kino think it was? It was a morning like other mornings and yet perfect among mornings. 7. What is the Whole? It is the safety and warmth provided by the familiar routines of Kino s family. 8. How is Kino described? Kino was young and strong and his black hair hung over his brown forehead. His eyes were warm and fierce and bright and his mustache was thin and coarse. 9. What draws Kino s attention to Coyotito s hanging box?


Kino was young and strong and his black hair hung over his brown forehead. His eyes were warm and fierce and bright and his mustache was thin and coarse. 9. What draws Kino s attention to Coyotito s hanging box? A tiny movement a scorpion was climbing down the rope that suspended the box. 10. What is the Song of Evil? What brings the Song of Evil? The Song of Evil is the music of the enemy, of any foe of the family, a savage, secret dangerous melody . The scorpion brings the Song of Evil. 11. What contradiction does Juana display when the scorpion appears? She repeats an ancient magic to guard against evil, while muttering a Hail Mary between clenched teeth. It is the contradiction between pagan and Christian religious rituals. 12. What harm comes to Coyotito? Why is Kino unable to stop it? Kino reaches for the scorpion and when it poses to sting, Coyotito shakes the rope to the box, and the scorpion falls on the baby and stings him. 13. What does Kino do to the scorpion? He beats and stamps it until it is only a moist place in the dirt. 14. How does Juana react to Coyotito s injury? She immediately begins to suck the poison from the puncture wound. 15. What is the danger of the scorpion s sting? The poison from the sting may make an adult gravely ill, but it could cause death in a baby. 16. What surprising thing did Juana request after Coyotito was stung? Why was it surprising? She asked Kino to go get the doctor. It was surprising because To get him would be a remarkable thing. The doctor never came to the cluster of brush houses. 17. What does Kino do about Juana s request? How does Juana respond? Kino tells Juana, The doctor would not come. Juana tells Kino they will go to the doctor. 18. What skill did the beggars have? They were experts in financial analysis. That is, they were able to determine people s status of wealth or poverty by observing them. 19. What did the beggars decide about Kino and Juana? They decided that they were too poor, and the doctor would not see them. 20. What did the beggars know about the doctor?


They decided that they were too poor, and the doctor would not see them. 20. What did the beggars know about the doctor? They knew his ignorance, his cruelty, his avarice, his appetites, his sins. 21. Why does Kino hesitate when they reach the doctor s residence? Because the doctor was of a race which for nearly four hundred years had beaten and starved and robbed and despised Kino s race; all of the doctor s race spoke to all of Kino s race as though they were simple animals. 22. What are some indications that the doctor leads a wealthy lifestyle? He wears a dressing gown of silk from Paris. The gown is tight, which means he s eating well and gaining weight. He has a silver tray with delicate china on it. The d cor of the room indicates a wealthy lifestyle as well. 23. When the doctor learns of Coyotito s injury, what is his reaction? What does this indicate about his attitude toward Kino s race? He reacts with anger, then he reacts with greed. He says, Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for little Indians ? I am a doctor, not a veterinary. Then he demands, Has he any money? See if he has any money! The doctor believes Kino s people are animals, and they are worthless unless they can pay for his services. 24. When Kino offers pearls as payments for the doctor s service, what happens? The doctor s servant is gone for a short moment, and then he returns to tell Kino, The doctor has gone out. He was called to a serious case. 25. What is ironic about the servant s comments to Kino? The doctor has not really gone out, and the servant s choice of words is ironic. What could be a more serious case than a poisoned child? 26. How does Kino react to the doctor s behavior toward his family? He strikes the gate with his fist. Chapter 21. What do people of the Gulf trust? Things of the spirit and things of the imagination, but they do not trust their eyes to show them distance or clear outline or any optical exactness. 2. What is the one thing of value Kino owns? Why is it so valuable? His canoe; it is the bulwark against starvation. It is his means of income and keeping his family fed and sheltered. 3.


Why is it so valuable? His canoe; it is the bulwark against starvation. It is his means of income and keeping his family fed and sheltered. 3. How does Juana treat Coyotito s scorpion sting? She makes a poultice out of brown seaweed and presses it to the baby s swollen shoulder. 4. Does her remedy work? The remedy is as good a remedy as any and probably better than the doctor could have done. But the remedy lacked his authority because it was simple and didn t cost anything. The remedy might work, but Juana is skeptical because a doctor didn t apply it. As yet, Coyotito hadn t experienced the stomach cramps typical for scorpion poisoning, so her remedy might be working. 5. For what does Juana pray? She didn t pray directly for Coyotito s recovery. She prays for Kino to find a pearl large enough to pay the doctor for his services to cure the baby. 6. What is the accident that happens to oysters? A small grain of sand gets in the folds of muscle and irritates the flesh until in self-protection the flesh coats the grain of sand. The coated grain of sand becomes a pearl. 7. About what had Kino s people made songs? Everything that happened or existed; they made songs to the fishes, to the sea in anger or in calm, to the light and dark, to the sun and moon. 8. What song was in Kino as he held his breath underwater? The Song of the Pearl That Might Be, part of the Song of the Undersea9. How long can Kino hold his breath underwater? Over two minutes10. What attracts Kino s attention to the ancient oyster that lying by itself? A ghostly gleam11. Why is Kino reluctant to open the oyster until he s opened all the other oysters? He doesn t dare to hope that the oyster contains a pearl. The ghostly gleam he saw could have been an illusion, or a reflection of the shell. His people, the people of the Gulf are used to disappointment, and this pearl offers hope. 12. What does Juana tell Kino to do with the oyster? She tells him to open it. 13. What has Kino found in the oyster? He has found the greatest pearl in the world. 14.


13. What has Kino found in the oyster? He has found the greatest pearl in the world. 14. What do Kino and Juana discover right after they discover the pearl? They find that the seaweed poultice has taken the swelling out of Coyotito s shoulder, and the poison was receding from his body. Chapter 31. Throughout the novel, there are various types of animal imagery. What is characterized as an animal at the beginning of this chapter? When is this imagery first used in the novel? The town is a thing like a colonial animal. The image the author gives demonstrates how the townspeople digest the news of Kino s discovery. The animal imagery is first used when Kino s people are characterized as animals by the doctor in Chapter 1. 2. As the news of Kino s prize travels through the village, who learns of the Pearl of the World ? The priest, the shopkeepers, the doctor, and the beggars in front of the church3. What is the doctor s reaction to the news of Kino s pearl? He says that Kino is a client of his, and he is treating Coyotito for a scorpion sting. 4. What does the doctor s reaction to Kino s good fortune reveal about his character? It emphasizes his greediness. He wouldn t have anything to do with Kino or his family when they came to him for help when Coyotito was injured, because he knew they couldn t pay for his services. Now that he knows about Kino s pearl, he s willing to treat Coyotito. 5. How do people react to the news of Kino s pearl? What does the news of the pearl stir up in the town? Every man suddenly became related to Kino s pearl, and Kino s pearl went into the dreams, the speculations, the schemes, the plans, the futures, the wishes, the needs, the lusts, the hungers, of everyone, and only one person stood in the way and that was Kino, so that he became curiously every man s enemy. The pearl stirs up something black and evil in the town the poison sacs of the town began to fill with venom. People became immediately envious of Kino s good fortune, and tried to figure out a way to get the pearl for themselves. 6. What comment on human nature does the author make with the villagers response?


People became immediately envious of Kino s good fortune, and tried to figure out a way to get the pearl for themselves. 6. What comment on human nature does the author make with the villagers response? People are basically greedy. Even people who are used to having nothing and are happy can be changed by the possibility of wealth. 7. What do Kino and Juana assume about the villager s response to Kino s prize? They assume that everyone would be happy for their good fortune. 8. What music does Kino experience after finding the pearl? The music of the pearl had merged with the music of the family so that one beautified the other. The pearl is something good for the family. 9. What does Juan Tomas ask Kino about his discovery? What is Kino s response? Juan Tomas asks, What will you do now that you have become a rich man? Kino tells Juan Tomas that he and Juana will be married in the church, they will have new clothes, he might buy a rifle, and Coyotito will go to school. 10. Why does the idea of Kino s son attending school cause such a stir among the villagers? Kino says, these things will make us free because he will know and through him we will know. Kino s people had been oppressed for hundreds of years, and one reason that this oppression continued is because they are illiterate and uneducated. The possibility of Coyotito becoming educated creates hope. 11. What happens to time as a result of the pearl? Time will be measured based on the pearl. Everything will be in terms of happening before or since the discovery of the pearl. 12. Who comes to visit Kino? Why? The priest comes to visit Kino. He reminds him to be generous to the church with his newfound fortune. 13. How is the priest like the rest of the village in his request? He wants to benefit from Kino s discovery of the pearl. 14. What faint song does Kino hear when the priest visits? What does this mean? Kino begins to hear the song of evil, of the enemy. Kino knows, perhaps only on a subconscious level, that people want to get the pearl away from him. 15. What animal imagery is used for the Song of the Family in this chapter? Why do you think the author uses this image? The Song of the Family is characterized as like the purring of a kitten.