3mks Lower epidermis. 3mks 2 You are provided with photographs of: Specimen SI mango fruit Specimen T1 Garden pen pod U S1 TI a Specimen SI was cut longitudinally. The photograph below shows one half S1 b c d v w XBIOLOGY PAPER 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com i Name the parts labelled a,b,c,d and e 5mks Study the photographs of specimen T1 and name the parts labelled u,v,w,x ,y and z labeled 4mks iii Identify the type of presentation in each fruit. S1, T1 2mks b Using observable features identify the method of dispersal for each fruit and in each care give reasons for your answer. S1 Method of dispersal 1mk Reasons 3mks T1 Method of dispersal 1mk Reasons 2mks c Name the type of fruits represented by S1 1mk T1 1mk d What is the importance of fruit and seed dispersal. 3mks Q3 You are provided with solution S a Using the reagents provided to carry out the appropriate food tests and complete the table below. 8mks Food substance Procedure Observation Conclusion BIOLOGY PAPER 3 231 3 FORM 4 CONFIDENTIAL Each student should have Specimen J young kales leaf sukuma wiki Solution S - solution S is dilute milk Benedicts solution 10 sodium hydroxide 1 copper sulphate solution 0.1 DCPIP.


THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCILKenya Certificate of Secondary Education101 11 ENGLISH Paper 1 Functional Skills Nov. 2019 - 2 hours Name Index Number ... aCandidate's Signature .. DateInstructions to candidates a Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above. B Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above. C Answer all the questions in this paper. D All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in the question paper. 0 This paper consists of 8 printed pages. F Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed asindicated and that no questions are missing. A Candidates must answer the questions in English. For Examiner's Use OnlyMaximum Candidate's Score ScoreLos 30 Total Score 2019 The Kenya National Examinations Counciltov"919237 Turn over21. Imagine you have recently transferred to another school. Write letter to your best friend in yourformer school persuading him or her to transfer to your new school. In your letter, give atleastthree reasons why this school is better than your former school. 20 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919237 rotKenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919237 tov Turn overKenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919237 tov52. Read the passage below and ill in each blank space with the most appropriate word, 10 marks Regardless of your intelligence and the way you lear, knowing how to concentrate is critical to a . Developed through self-disciplineIt is a habit that time and effort to develop for student's success. Concentration is a consistent success. Athletes havi Surgeons have it; and successful students d .. have it, Concentration can be defined as the process of paying attention or e attention of the tk P onsen hand. The mark of a genius is the g ..the task is fun and exciting. To concentrate on one thing at a time. This is h Wu it becomes more difficult when one is required to read j that is boring or complicated. Adapted from: Bridging the Gap by Brenda D. Smith, Pearson Education Inc. 2008 3.


This is h Wu it becomes more difficult when one is required to read j that is boring or complicated. Adapted from: Bridging the Gap by Brenda D. Smith, Pearson Education Inc. 2008 3. A Study the Poem below, and then answer the questions that follow. A stooped old man and a young manChanced to meet one day. The young one said tothe elderInhis usual braggart way, Why don't you walk up straight like me?That's no way to grow old;sal a form of habit;At least that s what I'm told The old man gave him a knowit And said, My dear young friend,Have you ever examined your wheat field, And noticed the heads that bend?Tfnot, just look them over As harvest time draws nigh;You'll find that the heads that are emptyAre standing tall and high, But the heads that count in the harvestAre filled and bending low, Awaiting the reaper s sickle; Their time is short, they know. And as the young man passed on by,He slowly bowed his head, No doubt he pondered many a day On the things that the old man said,From How to Teach Poetry by Amy Z. Davis and Florence StrattonHeinemann Edu Books, 1984 aKenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919237 tov Turn over 919237 Identify two features of oral songs in this poem, 4 marks Gi Identify any two words that you would stress in the second line ofthe ast stanza. Explain your answer. G marks ii How would you perform the fifth line ofthe first stanza? 2 marks dentify the intonation in the following sentences: marks Didyou do your homework? Gi What a beautiful gist! Gil Get out of sight now. For each of the following words, provide another that is pronounced in the same way. 6 marks Whale i Need Seem Quewe Rain vi PairKenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019TOW 919237 Assume that you attended a youth conference on drug abuse. Your principal has asked youto give an oral report during the assembly.


For each of the following words, provide another that is pronounced in the same way. 6 marks Whale i Need Seem Quewe Rain vi PairKenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019TOW 919237 Assume that you attended a youth conference on drug abuse. Your principal has asked youto give an oral report during the assembly. How would you use your voice effectively? 6 marks For each ofthe situations below, write what you would say. 9 Would you like to join us for tea? 1 mark ii Thank you for the wonderful gift 1 mark Gi During a group discussion you are not quite sure what someone has just sai. You want to seek clarification. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019101 Turn over8 iv You did not complete your homework because you were not feeling well lastnight You go to your class teacher to explain, 2 marks THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.3 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919237 1011.


NameIndex NumberCandidate s Signature Date.............................121 1MATHEMATICS ALT A Paper 1 Nov. 20162 hoursTHE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Kenya Certificate of Secondary EducationMATHEMATICS ALT A Paper 12Vi hoursInstructions to candidates a Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above. B Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above. C This paper consists of two sections; Section I and Section II. D Answer all the questions in Section I and only five questions from Section II. E Show all the steps in your calculations, giving your answers at each stage in the spaces provided below each question. F Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong. G Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables may be used, except where stated otherwise. H This paper consists of 18 printed pages. I Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing. J Candidates should answer the questions in English. For Examiner s Use Only Section I16TotalSection II2324TotalGrand Total 2016 The Kenya National Examinations Council 121 1916016Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com2SECTION I 50 marks 1.Answer all the questions from this section in the spaces provided. Without using a calculator evaluate, -2 5 3 - 9 3 5 -3 x -5 - 2 x 4 3 marks 2.Simplifyp 2 2pq q21 2 T 2 3-p q p q - q 4 marks 3. The external length, width and height of an open rectangular container are 41 cm, 21cm and 15.5 cm respectively. The thickness of the materials making the container is 5 mm. If the container has 8 litres of water, calculate the internal height above the water level. 4 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com34. The figure below shows a net of a solid measurements are in centimetres .Below is a part of the sketch of the solid whose net is shown above.


If the container has 8 litres of water, calculate the internal height above the water level. 4 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com34. The figure below shows a net of a solid measurements are in centimetres .Below is a part of the sketch of the solid whose net is shown above. Complete the sketch of the solid, showing the hidden edges with broken lines. 3 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com45. Given that OA 2i 3j and OB 3i 2j, find the magnitude of AB to one decimal place. 3 marks 6. A bus travelling at an average speed of 63 km h left a station at 8:15 a.m. A car later left thesame station at 9:00 a.m. and caught up with the bus at 10:45 a.m. Find the average speed of the car. 3 marks 7.Given that x is an acute angle and cos x - V5 find, without using mathematical tables or a calculator, tan 90 x . 2 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com8. 3 marks Without using mathematical tables or a calculator, evaluate 273 X281 416 9.A minor arc of a circle subtends an angle of 105 at the centre of the circle. If the radius of the circle is 8.4 cm, find the length of the major arc. Take it . 3 marks 10.The gradient of the tangent to the curve y ax3 bx at the point 1,1 is 5. Calculate the values of a and b. 4 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com611. A line with gradient of 3 passes through the points 3, k and k, 8 .


Calculate the values of a and b. 4 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com611. A line with gradient of 3 passes through the points 3, k and k, 8 . Find the value of k and hence express the equation of the line in the form ax by c, where a, b and c are constants. 3 marks 12. Points L and M are equidistant from another point K. The bearing of L from K is 330 . The bearing of M from K is 220 .Calculate the bearing of M from L. 3 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com713. In this question, mathematical tables should not be used. A Kenyan bank buys and sells foreign currencies as shown below:Buying Selling In Kenya Shillings In Kenya Shillings 1 Hong Kong Dollar 9.74 9.771 South African Rand 12.03 12.11A tourist arrived in Kenya with 105 000 Hong Kong Dollars and changed the whole amount to Kenya Shillings. While in Kenya, she spent Sh 403 879 and changed the balance to South African Rands before leaving for South Africa. Calculate the amount in South African Rand, that she received. 3 marks 114.A small cone of height 8 cm is cut off from a bigger cone to leave a frustum of height 16 cm. If the volume of the smaller cone is 160 cm3, find the volume of the frustum. 3 marks w 15. The production of milk, in litres, of 14 cows on a certain day was recorded as follows:22. 26. 15. 19. 20. 16. 27, 15, 19, 22, 21, 20, 22 and 28.Determine: a the mode: 1 mark b the median. 2 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com816.


16. 27, 15, 19, 22, 21, 20, 22 and 28.Determine: a the mode: 1 mark b the median. 2 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com816. Given that Log 4 0.6021 and Log 6 0.7782, without using mathematical tables or acalculator, evaluate log 0.096. 3 marks r "3Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1016016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com9SECTION II 50 marks Answer any five questions from this section in the spaces provided. X 3 117. A Solve the equation------ ------24 x 2 4 marks b The length of a floor of a rectangular hall is 9 m more than its width. The area of the floor is 136 m2. I Calculate the perimeter of the floor. 4 marks ii A rectangular carpet is placed on the floor of the wall leaving an area of 64 m2. If the length of the carpet is twice its width, determine the width of the carpet. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1916016Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com1018. Three business partners: Asha, Nangila and Cherop contributed Ksh 6 000, Ksh 85 000 and Ksh 105 000 respectively. They agreed to put 25 of the profit back into business each year. They also agreed to put aside 40 of the remaining profit to cater for taxes and insurance. The rest of the profit would then be shared among the partners in the ratio of their contributions. At the end of the first year, the business realised a gross profit of Ksh 225 000. A Calculate the amount of money Cherop received more than Asha at the end of the firstyear. 5 marks b Nangila further invested Ksh 25 000 into the business at the beginning of the secondyear.


The rest of the profit would then be shared among the partners in the ratio of their contributions. At the end of the first year, the business realised a gross profit of Ksh 225 000. A Calculate the amount of money Cherop received more than Asha at the end of the firstyear. 5 marks b Nangila further invested Ksh 25 000 into the business at the beginning of the secondyear. Given that the gross profit at the end of the second year increased in the ratio 10:9, calculate Nangila s share of the profit at the end of the second year. 5 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1916016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com1119. The frequency table below shows the daily wages paid to casual workers by a certain company. Wages in Shillings100-150150-200200-300300 100400-600No. Of workers240100 a In the grid provided, draw a histogram to represent the above information. 5 marks b i State the class in which the median wage lies. 1 mark ii Draw1 a vertical line, in the histogram, showing where the median wage lies. 1 mark c Using the histogram, determine the number of workers who earn Sh 450 or less per day. 3 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com1220. In the diagram below, the coordinates of points A and B are 1, 6 and 15, 6 respectively. Point N is on OB and that 30N 20B.


6 marks b Juma and Akinyi contributed all the new earnings to buy maize at Ksh 1175 per bag. The maize was then sold at Ksh 1762.50 per bag. The two shared all the money from the sales of the maize in the ratio of their contributions. Calculate the amount that Akinyi got. 4 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com1522. Using a pair of compasses and ruler only, construct: a i triangle ABC in which AB 5 cm, ABAC 30 and AABC 105 . 3 marks ii a circle that passes through the vertices of the triangle ABC. Measure the radius. 3 marks iii the height of triangle ABC with AB as the base. Measure the height. 2 marks b Determine the area of circle that lies outside the triangle correct to 2 decimal places. 2 marks 916016Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com1623. The equation of a curve is y 2x3 3x2. A Find: i the x-intercept of the curve: ii the y-intercept of the curve. B i Determine the stationary points of the curve. Ii For each point in b i above, determine whether it is a maximum or a minimum. C Sketch the curve. Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1 2 marks 1 mark 3 marks 2 marks 2 marks 916016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com17Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016171 1916016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com b Calculate the mid-ordinates for five strips between x 1 and x 6, and hence use the mid-ordinate rule to approximate the area under the curve between x 1, x 6 and the x - axis. 3 marks c Assuming that the area determined by integration to be the actual area, calculate the percentage error in using the mid-ordinate rule.


The equation of a curve is y 2x3 3x2. A Find: i the x-intercept of the curve: ii the y-intercept of the curve. B i Determine the stationary points of the curve. Ii For each point in b i above, determine whether it is a maximum or a minimum. C Sketch the curve. Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016121 1 2 marks 1 mark 3 marks 2 marks 2 marks 916016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com17Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016171 1916016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com b Calculate the mid-ordinates for five strips between x 1 and x 6, and hence use the mid-ordinate rule to approximate the area under the curve between x 1, x 6 and the x - axis. 3 marks c Assuming that the area determined by integration to be the actual area, calculate the percentage error in using the mid-ordinate rule. 4 marks THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


K.C.S.E YEAR 2010 PAPER 2SECTION A 30 marks Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided1Name the causal agent of anaplasmosis disease in cattle, 1 2 mark 2 List four materials that can be used in constructing a Kenya Top Bar Hive. 2 marks 3 a Name two breeds of dairy cattle that originated from the Channel Islands. 1 mark b Give the distinguishing colour for each of the following breeds of livestock: i chinchilla rabbit; 1 2 mark ii toggenburg goat. 1 2mark 4 State four reasons for castration in pig production. 2 marks 5State four characteristics of roughage livestock feeds. 2 marks 6State two functions of the crop in poultry digestive system. I mark 7State four roles of worker bees in a colony. 2 marks 8Give four reasons for controlling livestock diseases. 2 marks 9 State two control measures for fowl pox disease in poultry.10State one function for each of the following: a shovel; 2. Mark b strip cup. 11 2mark 11Give three reasons for carrying out maintenance practices on a mower 11 2 marks 12 Give three limitations of using solar power on the farm. 1 2 marks 13Why is it important to have a thermostat on a cooling system of a tractor engine? 1 mark 14Give two advantages of using a disc plough over a mouldboard plough in primary cultivation. 1 mark 15Name four tools that are used when laying concrete blocks during construction of a wall. 2 marks 16Why is it necessary to have guard rails in a farrowing pen? 1 mark 17 Give two reasons for having a footbath in a cattle dip. 1 mark 18 Distinguish between the following practices as used in livestock production; a crutching and ringing in sheep management; 2 marks b cropping and harvesting in fish farming. 2 marks 19 Give three ways in which infectious diseases can spread from one livestock to another within a farm. 1Vimarks SECTION B 20 marks Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided,20The following illustrations show the behaviour of chicks in a brooder.


11 2mark 11Give three reasons for carrying out maintenance practices on a mower 11 2 marks 12 Give three limitations of using solar power on the farm. 1 2 marks 13Why is it important to have a thermostat on a cooling system of a tractor engine? 1 mark 14Give two advantages of using a disc plough over a mouldboard plough in primary cultivation. 1 mark 15Name four tools that are used when laying concrete blocks during construction of a wall. 2 marks 16Why is it necessary to have guard rails in a farrowing pen? 1 mark 17 Give two reasons for having a footbath in a cattle dip. 1 mark 18 Distinguish between the following practices as used in livestock production; a crutching and ringing in sheep management; 2 marks b cropping and harvesting in fish farming. 2 marks 19 Give three ways in which infectious diseases can spread from one livestock to another within a farm. 1Vimarks SECTION B 20 marks Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided,20The following illustrations show the behaviour of chicks in a brooder. Study them carefully andanswer the questions that follow. A Explain the cause of behaviour observed in chiefs for each of the illustrations labeled A, B and C. 3 marks b Give a reason for making the brooder wail round in shape. 1 mark 21 The diagram below shows the reproductive system of a cow. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow. A Name the parts labelled F and H, b Give two functions of the part labelled G 2 marks . C Give the role of the part labelled J. 2 marks Below are diagrams of internal parasites. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow. ASource ofSource ofheatLRiC ! CSourceof heatChicks a Identify the parasites labelled K and L. b Name the developmental stage of the parasite labelled K in cattle muscles. 1 2 mark c Outline the procedure of handling a heifer when administering a liquid deworming drug to control theparasites illustrated above. 2 1 2marks 23 Below is a diagram of a farm structure for storing grains.


C Give the role of the part labelled J. 2 marks Below are diagrams of internal parasites. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow. ASource ofSource ofheatLRiC ! CSourceof heatChicks a Identify the parasites labelled K and L. b Name the developmental stage of the parasite labelled K in cattle muscles. 1 2 mark c Outline the procedure of handling a heifer when administering a liquid deworming drug to control theparasites illustrated above. 2 1 2marks 23 Below is a diagram of a farm structure for storing grains. Study it carefully and answer thequestions thatfollow. A Identify the farm structure illustrated above. B State the function of the part labelled M. 1 2 mark c State two maintenance practices that should be carried out on the farm structure illustrated above inreadiness for grain storage. 1 mark 23. Below is a diagram of a knapsack sprayer. Study it carefully and answer the questionsthat follow. A Name the parts labelled N, P, Q and R. 2 marks b State one function of the part labelled S 1 mark 25. The diagram below illustrates the general shape of a cattle breed. Study it carefullyand answer the questions that follow. A Identify the type of breed illustrated by the above shape 1 2 mark b Give an example of a breed in a above. 1 2 mark c State four physical characteristics of the type of breed identified in a above. 2 marks SECTION C 40 marks Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided after question 28.26 a Outline five advantages of artificial insemination in cattle management. 5 marks b Describe ten signs of trypanosomiasis Nagana disease in livestock.


A Name the parts labelled N, P, Q and R. 2 marks b State one function of the part labelled S 1 mark 25.The diagram below illustrates the general shape of a cattle breed. Study it carefullyand answer the questions that follow. A Identify the type of breed illustrated by the above shape 1 2 mark b Give an example of a breed in a above. 1 2 mark c State four physical characteristics of the type of breed identified in a above. 2 marks SECTION C 40 marks Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided after question 28.26 a Outline five advantages of artificial insemination in cattle management. 5 marks b Describe ten signs of trypanosomiasis Nagana disease in livestock. 10marks c Explain five functions of water in nutrition. 5marks 27 a State the function of any six parts of a zero grazing unit in dairy farming. 6marks b Explain how the power transmitted from a tractor engine is made available for use on thefarm under the following subheadings: i propeller shaft; 2marks ii power take off P.T.O shaft; 2marks iii hydraulic system. 2marks Head c Explain eight ways in which ticks can be controlled on a livestock farm. 8marks 28 a Describe ten physical characteristics a poultry farmer would use to identify poor layers from aflock of hens. 10marks b i Outline three characteristics of clean milk. 3 marks ii Explain seven factors that affect milk composition in dairy fanning. 7 marks.


They kept animals cattle goats sheep which provided meat milk for food v. They practiced fishing in the Indian Ocean rivers in order to enrich their diet vi. They traded with their neighbours Arabs Akamba in order to obtain what they did not produce vii. They mined salt which was used for domestic purposes viii. They practiced iron working black smithing making weapons tools which they used for defense other purposes ix. They gathered wild fruits honey to supplement their food Any 5 x 2 10 marks Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.com19. A Give five levels of colonial administration in Kenya. FORM 3 TOPIC 2 ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIAL RULE IN KENYA i. Village ii. Sub-location iii. Division iv. District v. Province vi. Colony Any 5 x 1 5 marks b Discuss five problems faced by workers during the construction of the Uganda Railway. FORM 3 TOPIC 4 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN KENYA DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD i. Rugged expansive terrain along the highlands mountains made the construction take long to complete ii. Delay in the delivery of materials equipment slowed down construction work iii. Harsh adverse climatic conditions across the coastal plains caused many deaths to workers iv. Scarcity of essential supplies food water medicine caused suffering among workers v. Attack by tropical diseases small pox malaria jiggers weakened the workers vi. Attack by wild animals of Tsavo created fear among the workers vii. Hostilities by some African Communities who were against alienation of their land for railway construction viii. Strained huge shortage of labourers Any 5 x 2 10 marks 20. A Give five achievements of the early political associations in Kenya up to 1939. FORM 3 TOPIC 5 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE IN KENYA i. They aired African grievances to the colonial government ii. They created awareness awakened Africans on their rights iii. They publicized the plight of Africans under British imperialism to the international community iv. They promoted nationalism national unity among African communities v. They fought for the welfare of African workers better wages working conditions vi.


FORM 3 TOPIC 2 ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIAL RULE IN KENYA i. The British enlisted services of the Wanga agents to administer Western Kenya ii. The Wanga allowed Imperial British East African Company IBEAC to establish a base at Mumias which served as its headquarters iii. The Wanga lost their independence as colonial rule was established iv. Enmity between the Wanga and other Abaluhya sub-tribes as they felt the Wanga were betraying their course Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comv. Mumia was declared the paramount chief of the Wanga allowing his influence to extend to Bunyala Gem Ugenya Alego vi. The Wanga warriors became agents of the British colonialism used to subdue the other resisting communities mercenaries vii. The Wanga received material wealth for their collaboration through trade viii. It led to the expansion of the Wanga kingdom as it acquired more territories Samia Busoga Bunyala ix. Acquisition of firearms other exotic commodities which raised the status of King Mumia x. It led to the introduction of Western education religion from the British Any 5 x 2 10 marks SECTION C 30 marks Answer any two questions from this section in the space provided 22. A Five elective positions in a general election in Kenya. FORM 3 TOPIC 8 FORMATION, STRUCTURE AND THE FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF KENYA i. President ii. Constituency Representative Member of National Assembly iii. Senator iv. Governor v. County Woman Representative vi. Member of County Assembly Any 5 x 1 5 marks b Limitations of parliamentary supremacy in Kenya. FORM 3 TOPIC 8 FORMATION, STRUCTURE AND THE FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF KENYA i. It may be side stepped when the president declares a state of emergency ii. Its legislative function is bound by international laws treaties conventions agreements ratification of international treaties laws iii. Its legislative authority oversight role may be undermined by a strong Cabinet iv. Legislation by county government may also undermine parliamentary supremacy v. Effectiveness of passing some legislation may be undermined by social cultural practices beliefs of the people vi.


Its legislative authority oversight role may be undermined by a strong Cabinet iv. Legislation by county government may also undermine parliamentary supremacy v. Effectiveness of passing some legislation may be undermined by social cultural practices beliefs of the people vi. It cannot pass laws legislation which contravenes the Constitution of Kenya Any 5 x 2 10 marks Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.com23. A State three circumstances which may cause the office of the County Governor to become vacant in Kenya. FORM 4 TOPIC 7 DEVOLVED GOVERNMENT i. If the governor dies ii. If the governor is impeached iii. If the governor resigns iv. If the governor is mentally incapacitated becomes insane v. If the County Government is dissolved by the president vi. If he she is convicted of an offence which attracts an imprisonment of at least 12 months vii. Due to gross violation of the constitution viii. If he she ceases to be eligible to be elected a County Governor Bankrupt Any 3 x 1 3 marks b Six functions of the President of the Republic of Kenya. FORM 3 TOPIC 8 FORMATION, STRUCTURE AND THE FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF KENYA i. He she presides over public national days labour day Madaraka Day Jamhuri Day: where the country s achievements are celebrated ii. He she chairs cabinet meetings where government policies are formulated directs and coordinates he functions of ministers iii. He she addresses opening of each newly elected parliament where he she outlines the government agenda iv. He she participates in law making legislation by signing assenting bills into law v. He she is the head of state government hence represents the country at local international level vi. He she nominates appoints with approval of parliament, senior public officers who assist in governing the country such as Cabinet secretaries Attorney General ambassadors vii. He she confers honors medals to persons who have given distinguishes service to the nation viii. He she exercises the Power of Mercy through pardoning persons convicted of various minor offences ix. He she defends the constitution by ensuring adherence to the rule of law x. He she, once a year gives report address to the nation on the progress state of the nation on achievements in realization of national values xi. He she ensures fulfillment of international obligations treaties by relevant government departments xii.


He she defends the constitution by ensuring adherence to the rule of law x.He she, once a year gives report address to the nation on the progress state of the nation on achievements in realization of national values xi. He she ensures fulfillment of international obligations treaties by relevant government departments xii. He she receives foreign diplomats accredited to the country Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comxiii. He she can declare a state of emergency and with the approval of parliament can declare war Any 6 x 2 12 marks 24.a Identify three funds into which the Government of Kenya deposits its revenue. FORM 4 TOPIC 8 PUBLIC REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN KENYA i.Consolidated fund ii. Revenue fund iii. Contingencies fund iv. Equalization fund Any 3 x 1 3 marks b Discuss six taxes levied by the National Government of Kenya. FORM 4 TOPIC 8 PUBLIC REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN KENYA i.Excise duty which is charged on goods that are locally produced sold within the country ii. Value added tax VAT which is paid to specific goods such as petroleum products sugar electronic equipment iii. Investment revenue which is generated by government bodies parastatals like KPLC Postal Corporation Kenya Railway iv. Trading licenses paid by traders wishing to operate businesses those operating businesses v.Land rates paid by citizens companies as stamp duty rent standing premium on plots land adjudication court case fees vi. Loan interest receipts from government bodies agencies that pay interest on money advanced to them by the exchequer vii. Court fines which are charged on persons found guilty by courts of law viii. Tourism fees which are paid by local foreign tourists as entrance fees into game reserves national parks other tourist attraction sites ix. Domestic borrowing where the government raises revenue through sale of treasury bills bonds x.House rates rent paid for the use hire of government buildings facilities xi. Customs duty which is tax levied on goods imported into the country export xii. Traffic revenue tax levied on traffic related services like driving licenses airport tax road maintenance levy Any 6 x 2 12 marks Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


1 mark 4 Name one early Christian missionary who worked in Kenya. 1 mark 5 State two characteristics of independent churches in Kenya during the colonial period. 2 marks 6 Identify the constitutional change that increased the number of African members tothe legislative council in Kenya in 1957. 1 mark 7 Identify one Asian who took part in the struggle for independence in Kenya. 1 mark 8 Name one African political party whose leaders attended the 2nd Lancaster HouseConference in 1962. 1 mark 9 Identify two Educational Commissions appointed by the government of independentKenya to review the education system. 2 marks 10 Give the main reason why the government of Kenya introduced the ConstituencyDevelopment Fund CDF . 1 mark 11 State two ways in which the government has promoted the culture of the people ofKenya since independence. 2 marks 12Identify two conditions that one must fulfil in order to register as a voter in Kenya. 2 marks 13Give two special courts in Kenya. 2 marks 14State two duties of the leader of Government Business in parliament in Kenya. 2 marks 15Identify two symbols of national unity in Kenya. 2 marks 16Give two reasons' that can make a registered person to lose citizenship in Kenya, 2 marks 17Give one type of human rights. 1 mark For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comSECTION B 45 marks Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.18 a Give five reasons which influenced the migration of the Plains Nilotes to Kenyaduring the pre-colonial period. 5 marks b Explain five results of the migration and settlement of the Maasai inKenyaduring the pre-colonial period. 10 marks 19 a Give three reasons why the early visitors came to the Kenyan-coast before 1500 A.D. 3 marks b Explain six factors that contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyancoast and the outside world by 1900. 12 marks 20 a State three socio-economic reasons why Britain colonized Kenya in the 19thCentury. 3 marks b Explain six factors that contributed to the formation of political associations in Kenyabefore 1939. 12 marks 21 a State three ways in which the government of Kenya facilitated the acquisitionof land for Africans after 1963. 3 marks b Explain six challenges facing the agricultural sector in Kenya. 12 marks SECTION C 30 marks Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.22 a Give the structure of the provincial administration in Kenya. 5 marks b Describe five functions of the president of the Republic of Kenya. 10 marks 23 a Give three reasons why the constitution is important in Kenya.,. 3 marks b Explain six factors that may undermine the administration of justice inKenya. 12 marks 24 a Identify five stages in the preparation of the national budget. 5 marks b Explain why it is important for the Government to prepare the nationalbudget annually 10 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


A Name the parts labelled A, 5 marks Recon at esoF b State the function ofthe structures labelled E and F. mark F Inthe photograph label the structure where vitamin K is prosuced 1 mark Name the sex of the mammal in the photograph. 1 mark i Givea reason for your answer in 4 i above. U mark The actual length of the dissecting scissors i the photograph is 15 em. Calculate the magnification of the photograph. Marks Gi Calculate the actual length of the mammal from the tip of the nose 10point X on the tail 2 marks 2 You are provided with substances labelled , T, U, X and . ,. T and U are Foodsubstances, while X is 10 sodium hydroxide solution and Y is 1 copper sulphatesolution. Carry out tests to determine the food substance s in ,T and U, 9 marks Foodsubstancebeing testedfor lSubstance Procedure Observations ConclusionobBelow are photographs. SEE SPECIMEN L a SPECIMEN N SPECIMEN Mw SPECIMEN P SPECIMEN QFor more great stuff click or visit:www.changeyourT.comwww.arimifoods.com.


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2213.23COMPUTER STUDIES 451 3.23.1 Computer Studies Paper 1 451 1 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com222For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com223For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com224For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com225For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com2263.23.2 Computer Studies Paper 2 451 2 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com227For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com228For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com229For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com230For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCILKenya Certificate of Secondary Education233 1 CHEMISTRY Paper 1 THEORY Nov. 2019 - 2 hoursName Index Number ... Candidate's Signature Date Instructions to candidates a Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above. Sign and write the dote of examination in the spaces provided above. C Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in the question paper. D KNEC mathematical tables and silent non-programmable electronic caleulators may be used. E All working must be clearly shown where necessary. 9. This paper consists of 16 printed pages. G Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed asindicated and that no questions are missing. H Candidates should answer the questions in English. For Examiner's Use Only ifil2 slals e 7 s " 13 14 15 16 a7 ae 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Gana Foe Total 2019 The Kenya National Examinations Council2a919234 Turn over21, Anatom of element A has mass number 39 and 19 protons. 2 Write the electron arrangement ofthe atom. State the period and group to which element A belongs. Group 4 markPeriod mark State whether the element is a metal or a non-metal 0 mark,2. Describe how an increase in concentration increases the rate ofa reaction. Marks 3. The flow chart in Figure 1 represents some stages in the extraction of copper metal Study it andanswer the questions that follow. Crush Fine copper Process Concentratedore powder copper oreRoast in airSolid Cus, Feo Silicon tVv and SO; oxide SlagFigure 1Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919234 23 1 a Tent: the copper ore. 0 mark i process B .. so . 4 matk i solid mark Write an equation for the reaction that forms the slag. 0 mark 4.


B Explain six challenges facing local authorities in Kenya. 12marks HISTORY PAPER 2QUESTIONSSECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.1Give two archaeological sources of information on History and Government. 2 marks 2Give two reasons that made early human beings to live in groups during theStones Age period. 2 marks 3Identify two ways through which early agriculture spread in Africa.


B Explain six challenges facing local authorities in Kenya. 12marks HISTORY PAPER 2QUESTIONSSECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.1Give two archaeological sources of information on History and Government. 2 marks 2Give two reasons that made early human beings to live in groups during theStones Age period. 2 marks 3Identify two ways through which early agriculture spread in Africa. 2 marks 4State two limitations of using animal transport. 2 marks 5Why was silent trade practiced by Trans-Sahara traders? 1 mark 6Identify the main factor that led to the growth of the Ancient town of Meroe. 1mark 7What was the main function of the Council of elders among African societiesduring the pre-colonial period? 1mark 8State two social factors that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa byEuropean powers. 2marks 9Name one African country that was not colonized by the European powers 1mark 10 State two roles played by the African chiefs in British Colonial Administration inNigeria. 2 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com11 Name the Chartered company that administered Zimbabwe during the process ofcolonization. 1 marks 12 Give the main reason for the formation of the League of Nations in 1919. 1mark 13 Give two economic reasons for the growth of African Nationalism in Ghana. 2 marks 14 Outline two factors that enabled Tanzania to maintain national unity sinceindependence. 2 marks 15 What is veto power as used by the United Nations? 1 mark 16 Name one major political party in the United States on America. 1 mark 17 Name one type of election held for the House of Commons in Britain 1mark SECTION B 45 marks Answer any THREE questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.18 a Give three physical characteristics of the Homo erectus 3marks b Explain six cultural practices of Homo sapiens during the New Stone Age. 3 marks 19 a State three disadvantages of coal as a source of energy 3marks b Explain six effects of the Scientific inventions on industry. 12marks 20 a State three factors that contributed to the development of the TransAtlanticTrade. 3 marks b Explain six negative effects on Trans-Atlancic trade on AfricaCommunities. 12 marks 21 a State three factors that enabled European power to colonize Africa in thelate19th Century. 3 marks b Explain six effects of the partition of Africa on the Africans.


B Explain six challenges facing local authorities in Kenya. 12marks HISTORY PAPER 2QUESTIONSSECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.1Give two archaeological sources of information on History and Government. 2 marks 2Give two reasons that made early human beings to live in groups during theStones Age period. 2 marks 3Identify two ways through which early agriculture spread in Africa. 2 marks 4State two limitations of using animal transport. 2 marks 5Why was silent trade practiced by Trans-Sahara traders? 1 mark 6Identify the main factor that led to the growth of the Ancient town of Meroe. 1mark 7What was the main function of the Council of elders among African societiesduring the pre-colonial period? 1mark 8State two social factors that led to the scramble for colonies in Africa byEuropean powers. 2marks 9Name one African country that was not colonized by the European powers 1mark 10 State two roles played by the African chiefs in British Colonial Administration inNigeria. 2 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com11 Name the Chartered company that administered Zimbabwe during the process ofcolonization. 1 marks 12 Give the main reason for the formation of the League of Nations in 1919. 1mark 13 Give two economic reasons for the growth of African Nationalism in Ghana. 2 marks 14 Outline two factors that enabled Tanzania to maintain national unity sinceindependence. 2 marks 15 What is veto power as used by the United Nations? 1 mark 16 Name one major political party in the United States on America. 1 mark 17 Name one type of election held for the House of Commons in Britain 1mark SECTION B 45 marks Answer any THREE questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.18 a Give three physical characteristics of the Homo erectus 3marks b Explain six cultural practices of Homo sapiens during the New Stone Age. 3 marks 19 a State three disadvantages of coal as a source of energy 3marks b Explain six effects of the Scientific inventions on industry. 12marks 20 a State three factors that contributed to the development of the TransAtlanticTrade. 3 marks b Explain six negative effects on Trans-Atlancic trade on AfricaCommunities. 12 marks 21 a State three factors that enabled European power to colonize Africa in thelate19th Century. 3 marks b Explain six effects of the partition of Africa on the Africans. 12 marks SECTION C 30 marks Answer TWO questions from these from this section in the answer booklet provided.22 a Give three functions of the Kabaka of Buganda Kingdom during the precolonialPeriod. 3 marks b Describe the political organization of the Shona during the pre-colonialperiod. 12 marks 23 b Identify five ways through which the United Nations UN promotesGood governance in the world. 5 marks b Explain five achievements of the Non-Aligned Movement NAM since itsFor More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.comFormation . 10 marks 24 a State three objectives for the formation of Common Market for Easter and Southern Africa COMESA . 3 marks b Explain six Challenges facing the Common Market for Eastern andSouthernAfrica COMESA . 12 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCILKenya Certificate of Secondary Education231 1 BIOLOGY Paper 1Nov. 2019 - 2 hours Candidate's Signature Instructions to candidates a Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above. 6 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above, c Answer all the questions in this question paper. A All answers must be writen in the spaces provided. E This paper consists of 11 printed pages. F Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed asindicated and that no questions are missing. G Candidates should answer the questions in English. A 2 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 40 11 42 23 44 45 16 47 18 19 20 21 22 Grand Total 2019 The Kenya National Examinations Councilaan919291 Turn over2Answer all the questions n the spaces provided,1, Name the characteristic of living organisms illustrated by each of the activities described below: a Dressing heavily 1 mark b Bursting of the sporangium in the Rhizopus sp 1 mark Besides venation, state two other external characteristics of leaves that can be used toclassify plants 2 marks b Explain why the bat is classified as a mammal yeti flies. 2 marks 3. The diagram below illustrates a specialised cell obtained from a certain tissue. Name the cel 1 mark b State two ways in which the cell i structurally adapted to its function. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919291 BUI34. In investigating certain physiological process, students set up the apparatus as shown belowand made the observations after 30 minutes as illustrated. Solution F Solution FSoliton E G Sotdtion E GBeginning End Name the physiological process being investigated. 1 mark Account forthe observation made at the end ofthe experiment, B marks State the likely identity of G. 1 mark 5. Explain why significantly increasing the blood pH slows down the rate of selective reabsorption of materials in the kidney tubules G marks 6. A Name the respiratory structure in the amoebe.


Explain each of the following physiological observations: a sportsmen release little, concentrated urine atthe end of a strenuous exercise 3 marks b rabbit has higher oxygen demand than a camel marks 12, While investigating a certain metabotic process in plant, students set up the apparatus as shown below in a classroom and monitored it for 48 hours. Test ube Lime water a Identify the metabotic process under investigation, 0 mark b Account for the observations made in the test tube atthe end of the investigation. 2 marks Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019919291 BUI713. A female human being was found to have an extra sex chromosome in her cells. Give the total number of chromosomes in the female individuals cells mark Explain the possible cause ofthis condition. 2 marks State two physical characteristics observed in the female individual with such acondition. 2 marks 14, Explain why fossil records as evidence of organic evolution are usually incomplete. Marks b Name the:moleculesidence of organic evolution exhibited by occurrence of similar amino acid a range of organisms. Mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919291 211 Turn over15, a Distinguish between guttation and transpiration. Mark b State the significance of transpiration to a plant. 2 marks 16, State two benefits of mutation in living organisms. 2 marks 17. Below are photographs of two dogs. Explain the possible reason forthe difference inthe length oftheir fur. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919291 Bu9 "Name the type of tooth in carnivores mainly used for piercing and killing of preys. 1 mark 19. Below isa diagram of the human digestive system, a Label with on the diagram where enzyme amylase is produced. 2 marks b Besides the digestive role, explain one other function of the part labelled H, 2 marks aTurn overKenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919291 23 11020, State how each of the following features enhance efficient movement of fish in water: a Seale mark b body shape mark 21, Make a diagram ofa simple, bilobed leaf witha serrated margin.


1 mark 19.Below isa diagram of the human digestive system, a Label with on the diagram where enzyme amylase is produced. 2 marks b Besides the digestive role, explain one other function of the part labelled H, 2 marks aTurn overKenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919291 23 11020, State how each of the following features enhance efficient movement of fish in water: a Seale mark b body shape mark 21, Make a diagram ofa simple, bilobed leaf witha serrated margin. Marks 22, The chart below illustrates how respiratory gases ae transported in the human blood. Haemoglobin Gas P Oxyhaemoglobin GasQL Carboxyhaemoglobin Identify gas Q. mark Explain the advantage oxyhaemoglobin has over carboxyhaemoglobin. Marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919291 23 1 3 marks 24, a Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale are transmitted by a mosquito. State with areason whether the two organisms can interbreed. Marks Explain the evolutionary basis forthe ever changing drugs for malaria treatment. 2 marks 25, State one characteristic of muscles responsible for each of the following: peristaltic movement 0 mark b movement of limbs 1 mark THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919291 2301.


THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL,Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education233 2 CHEMISTRY Paper 2 THEORY Nov. 2019 - 2 hoursName .. Index Number Candidate's Signati Date Instructions to candidates a Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above. 0 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above, c . Answer allthe questions in the spaces provided. A KNEC mathematical tables and silent non-programmable electronic calculators may be used. 6 All working must be clearly shown where necessary. 0 This paper consists of 15 printed pages. G Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed asindicated and that no questions are missing. H Candidates should answer the questions in English For Examiner's Use Only Maximum Candidate'sScore Sore 22nLC nTotal Score 80 Question slolalale nla 2019 The Kenya National Examinations Council23372919252 Turn over 9192822Allkanes are said to be saturated hydrocarbons. What is meant by saturated hydrocarbons. 1 mark Gi Draw the structure ofthe third member of the alkane homologous series andname it. Marks When the alkane, hexane, is heated to high temperature, one of the products is ethene. Write the equation for the reaction. 0 mark Gi Name the process described in b . I mark Study the flow chart in Figure 1 and answer the questions that follow. FDilute sodiumhydroxideDehydration Oxidationee Ethanoic acidPate Warmethanol Figure 1Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 20192393 2 9 Weatfy A. i mark State one physical property of B. 0 mark Gi Draw the structure of D. mark Give a reason why D polfutes the environment. 1 marke 0 Write an equation for the formation of F. mark Describe an experiment which can be used to distinguish butene from butanol. 2 marks Kenya Certficare of Secondary Education, 201923 2919252 Turn over42 Zinc occurs mainly as zinc blende. Name one other ore from which zine can beextracted.


Mark Describe an experiment which can be used to distinguish butene from butanol. 2 marks Kenya Certficare of Secondary Education, 201923 2919252 Turn over42 Zinc occurs mainly as zinc blende. Name one other ore from which zine can beextracted. Mary b The flow chart in Figure 2 shows the various stages in the extraction of zine metal, Study it and answer the questions that follow. Zine blende Coke Limestone Motos tea 200 ZnRoasting Bast 1S! Condenser DistillerChamber Fumace tt Slag Molten lead Pure ZineFigure 2 Write an equation forthe reaction which occurs in the roasting chamber. 1 mark ii Describe the process that takes place in the blast furnace. Marks iii Explain why molten lead is added to the condenser. 0 mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919282 2332 iv State two uses of zine. Q mark Give one reason why the extraction of zinc causes pollution to the environment. 1 mark Explain the observations made when zine metal is added to hot sodium hydroxide. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019233 2919252 Turn over63. Figure 3 is flow chart that shows the process that occurs in the manufacture ofnitrie V acid,Pr Q air s t airLie seid Figure3 Name substance P,Q, R and S. Pr . 1 mark Q mark R on mark s ses mark b To obtain substance R, ammonia is heated at 900 C in the presence of air and a catalyst The product is then cooled in air. Name the catalyst forthe reaction, 1 mark ii Write the equations forthe two reactions described in b . 2 marks Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019919252 2392 9192827 Gi Other than nitre V acid, name another product that is formed. Q mark When ammonia is reacted with ntrie V acid, it produces a nitrogenous fertiliser. Explain why fertilisers play a major role in food production.


Pr . 1 mark Q mark R on mark s ses mark b To obtain substance R, ammonia is heated at 900 C in the presence of air and a catalyst The product is then cooled in air. Name the catalyst forthe reaction, 1 mark ii Write the equations forthe two reactions described in b . 2 marks Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019919252 2392 9192827 Gi Other than nitre V acid, name another product that is formed. Q mark When ammonia is reacted with ntrie V acid, it produces a nitrogenous fertiliser. Explain why fertilisers play a major role in food production. 2 marks i State two problems associated with the use of nitrogenous fertilisers. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 201923372 Turn over4. Explain the following observations:0 The colour of aqueous copper II sulphate fades when a piece of magnesium metal is dropped into the solution. 2 marks Apiece of iron bar is coated with a brown substance when left in the open on arainy day. 2 marks A sample of water is suspected to contain aluminium ions AF . Describe a laboratoryexperiment that can be carried out to show that AD ions are present in the water sample 3 marks 919252 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019233 729 Inan experiment to determine the number of moles of water of erystallisation of ahydrated compound, Na,SO, X HO, 5g of the compound were heated strongly to aconstant mass. Explain how a constant mass was obtained marks i During the experiment, the mass ofthe residue was found to be 2.205 8,Determine the number of moles of water of crystallisation in the compound. Na 23.0; 0 160; 32.0; H 1.0 G marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919282 23972 Turn over105. A What is meant by molar heat of neutralisation? 0 mark b Iman experiment to determine the molar heat of neutralisation, SOcm?


Describe a laboratoryexperiment that can be carried out to show that AD ions are present in the water sample 3 marks 919252 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019233 729 Inan experiment to determine the number of moles of water of erystallisation of ahydrated compound, Na,SO, X HO, 5g of the compound were heated strongly to aconstant mass. Explain how a constant mass was obtained marks i During the experiment, the mass ofthe residue was found to be 2.205 8,Determine the number of moles of water of crystallisation in the compound. Na 23.0; 0 160; 32.0; H 1.0 G marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919282 23972 Turn over105. A What is meant by molar heat of neutralisation? 0 mark b Iman experiment to determine the molar heat of neutralisation, SOcm? Of IMhhydrochloric acid was neutralised by adding 10cm portions of dilute sodium hydroxide. During the experiment, the data in Table 1 was obtained. Tablet Volume of Sodium o 1 2 3 4 50hydroxide em Temperature of 250 270 290 s10 310 300 290mixture C Write the equation for the reaction inthis experiment, 1 mark Gi On the grid provided, plot a graph of temperature Y-axis against volume ofsodium hydroxide X-axis added. 3 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919252 2332Determine from the graph the:1. Volume of sodium hydroxide which completely neutralises 0 cm of IMhydrochloric acid 1 mark IL. Change in temperature, AT, when complete neutralisation occurred. 1 mark iv Caleulate:1. The heat change, AH when complete neutralisation occurred. Specific heat capacity 4.2 Jy" K", density of solution 1.0 gem 2 marks Il.


Volume of sodium hydroxide which completely neutralises 0 cm of IMhydrochloric acid 1 mark IL. Change in temperature, AT, when complete neutralisation occurred. 1 mark iv Caleulate:1. The heat change, AH when complete neutralisation occurred. Specific heat capacity 4.2 Jy" K", density of solution 1.0 gem 2 marks Il. Molar heat of neutralisation of hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide. 1 mark 8 How would the value of molar heat differ if 0 em of IM ethanoic acid was usedinstead of IM hydrochloric acid? Give a reason, 2 marks Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019s192s2 23372 Turn overCO o 9192522 What is meant by standard electrode potential of an element? 1 mark Use the standard electrode potentials given below to answer the questions that follow. Reactions BO MnO; aq 8H" ag Se Min aq 411,00 149Me aq e M aq 077N aq 26 NG 034Prag 26 PIs 023Qe 2e 20-18 287Rg 2e 2R- g 136 State whether acidified MnO can oxidise M , Give reason, marks i Select two half-cells which when combined will give the highest em.f. 1 mark Gil Write the cell representation forthe cell formed in b i , 1 mark iv Calculate the E value forthe cell formed in b Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 20192332B Amass of 124g ofa divalent metal was deposited when a current of 6A was passed through a solution of the metal sulphate for 12 minutes. Determine the relative atomic mass of the metal. 1 Faraday 96,500 C mol" G marks 4 State two applications of electrolysis, 1 mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 201923372919282 Turn over47.


1 mark Gil Write the cell representation forthe cell formed in b i , 1 mark iv Calculate the E value forthe cell formed in b Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 20192332B Amass of 124g ofa divalent metal was deposited when a current of 6A was passed through a solution of the metal sulphate for 12 minutes. Determine the relative atomic mass of the metal. 1 Faraday 96,500 C mol" G marks 4 State two applications of electrolysis, 1 mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 201923372919282 Turn over47. What is meant by rate of reaction, 0 mark Inthe space provided, sketch the diagram of a set-up that can be used to determine therate of reaction between manganese IV oxide and hydrogen peroxide. G marks A student placed a small amount of liquid bromias shown in Figure 4, atthe bottom ofa sealed gas jar of air AirLiquid bromine Figure 4 i Describe what will be observed 1 mark after two minutes IL after 30 minutes Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919252 23321sUse the Kinetic theory to explain the observations: 2 marks Lafter 2 minutes UL after 30 minutes ... Some plants have seeds that contain vegetable oil. Describe how the oil can be obtained from the seeds. 3 marks Gi Explain how it could be confirmed that the liquid obtained from the seeds is oil. 1 mark THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919252 7233 2.


THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL.Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education121 11 MATHEMATICS Paper1ALTANov. 2019 - 2 hours Index Number .. Candidate's Signature Date .. Instructions to candidates a . Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above. Sign and write the dato of examination in the spaces provided above, c . This paper consists of two sections; Section and Section I a Answer all the questions in Section land any five questions from Section I e Show all the steps in your caleulations, giving your answers at each stage in the spacesprovided below each question. 0. Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong. 9 Nonprogrammable silent electronic calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables may be used,except where stated otherwise. H This paper consists of 18 printed pages. I Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that al the pages are printed asindicated and that no questions are missing. Candidates should answer the questions in English. For Examiner's Use OnlySection ti2lalalsfe 7 els rola 13 14 15 16 tora CTT r Section Il 17 18 19 20 21 22 Grand Total 2019 The Kenya National Examinations Couneilran919228 Turn overSECTION I 50 marks Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.1, Without using mathematical tables or a calculator, evaluate:540025x3.6 G marks 2, Express 1728 and 2025 in terms of their prime factors. Hence evaluate:aims Vo02s 4 marks 3. Juma left his home at 8.30am. He drove a distance of 140km and arrived at his aunt s home at10.15am. Determine the average speed, in km h, for Juma s joumey. Marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 pit4. Expand and simplify:4 6 7q-3 . Marks 'S.


3 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 wut Turn overSECTION It 50 marks Answer any five questions from this section inthe spaces provided.17, Arectangular water tank measures 2.4m long, 2m wide and 1.5m high. The tank contained some water up toa height of 0.45m, Calculate the amount of water, in lites, needed to fill up the tank. G marks An inlet pipe was opened and water let to flow into the tank at arate of 10 lites per minute, After one hour, a drain pipe was opened and water allowed to flow out of the tankat arate of 4 litres per minuteCalculate: the height of water inthe tank after 3 hours; 4 marks Gi the total time taken to fil up the tank, 3 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 12918. Aline, L, passes through the points 3,3 and 5,7 . Find the equation of L, in the form y me , where m and care constants G marks b Another line L, is perpendicular to L, and passes through 2,3 . Find: i the equation of L; G marks Gi the xintercept of L, 0 mark Determine the point of intersection of L, and L,, marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 ma Turn over1019. A triangle ABC with vertices A by a reflection in the line y x 1. 2 , B 1,4 and C 1,4 is mapped onto triangle A B C On the grid provided draw: triangle ABC; mari i theliney x41; marks Gi triangle A'B' 2 marks b Triangle A B'C" is the image of triangle A B'C under a negative quarter turn about 0,0 . On the same grid, draw triangle "BC".


Find: i the equation of L; G marks Gi the xintercept of L, 0 mark Determine the point of intersection of L, and L,, marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 ma Turn over1019. A triangle ABC with vertices A by a reflection in the line y x 1. 2 , B 1,4 and C 1,4 is mapped onto triangle A B C On the grid provided draw: triangle ABC; mari i theliney x41; marks Gi triangle A'B' 2 marks b Triangle A B'C" is the image of triangle A B'C under a negative quarter turn about 0,0 . On the same grid, draw triangle "BC". 3 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 BV State the type of congruence between triangles: ABCanda B A 1 mark AIBC and ABC 1 mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 Dut Turn over220. The figure below is aright pyramid VEFGH witha square base of 8m and a slant edge of 20 em. Points A, B,C and D lie on the slant edges of the pyramid such that VA VB VC VD 10cm and plane ABCD is parallel to the base EFGH. Find the length of AB. 2 marks b Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places: the length of AC; 2 marks Gi the perpendicular height of the pyramid VABCD. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 WA1B The pyramid VABCD was cut off Find the volume ofthe frustum ABCDEFGH correct to2 decimal places.


Find the length of AB. 2 marks b Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places: the length of AC; 2 marks Gi the perpendicular height of the pyramid VABCD. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 WA1B The pyramid VABCD was cut off Find the volume ofthe frustum ABCDEFGH correct to2 decimal places. 4 marks g Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 1 Turn over 421, The heights of 40 athletes ina county athletics competition were as shown inthe table below: Height, om Frequency150 159 2160-169 170-179 10160 189 x190-199 6200-209 2 Find the value of x. b State the modal class. Jeulate: the mean height ofthe athletes; i the median height, correct to 1 decimal place, of the athletes. Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 ah mark 1 mark 4 marks 4 marks 1s22, The figure below represents a triangular flower garden ABC in which AB 4m, BC 5m andZBCA 30 , Point D lies on AC such that BD 4m and 2 BDC is obtuse. A anDtNB a cFind, comecto2 decimal places: 2c masts o 3 marks the length of De; maris the aren ofthe flower garden ABC 2 matts Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 nt Turn over1623, The shaded region on the graph below shows a piece of land ABCD earmarked for building asub-county hospital Write down the ordinates of curves AB and DC for x 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and.1200, 2 marks b Use trapezium rule, with 6 strips to estimate the area of the piece of and ABCD, inhectares, 4 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 11"7 Use mid-ordinate rule with 3 strips o estimate the area of the piece of land, in hectares, 4 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 a Turn over24, The equation of a curve is y 3 ?


2 marks b Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places: the length of AC; 2 marks Gi the perpendicular height of the pyramid VABCD. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 WA1B The pyramid VABCD was cut off Find the volume ofthe frustum ABCDEFGH correct to2 decimal places. 4 marks g Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 1 Turn over 421, The heights of 40 athletes ina county athletics competition were as shown inthe table below: Height, om Frequency150 159 2160-169 170-179 10160 189 x190-199 6200-209 2 Find the value of x. b State the modal class. Jeulate: the mean height ofthe athletes; i the median height, correct to 1 decimal place, of the athletes. Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 ah mark 1 mark 4 marks 4 marks 1s22, The figure below represents a triangular flower garden ABC in which AB 4m, BC 5m andZBCA 30 , Point D lies on AC such that BD 4m and 2 BDC is obtuse. A anDtNB a cFind, comecto2 decimal places: 2c masts o 3 marks the length of De; maris the aren ofthe flower garden ABC 2 matts Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 nt Turn over1623, The shaded region on the graph below shows a piece of land ABCD earmarked for building asub-county hospital Write down the ordinates of curves AB and DC for x 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and.1200, 2 marks b Use trapezium rule, with 6 strips to estimate the area of the piece of and ABCD, inhectares, 4 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 11"7 Use mid-ordinate rule with 3 strips o estimate the area of the piece of land, in hectares, 4 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 a Turn over24, The equation of a curve is y 3 ? Determine: the stationary points ofthe curve; G marks Gi the nature ofthe stationary points in a i above.


2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 WA1B The pyramid VABCD was cut off Find the volume ofthe frustum ABCDEFGH correct to2 decimal places. 4 marks g Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 1 Turn over 421, The heights of 40 athletes ina county athletics competition were as shown inthe table below: Height, om Frequency150 159 2160-169 170-179 10160 189 x190-199 6200-209 2 Find the value of x. b State the modal class. Jeulate: the mean height ofthe athletes; i the median height, correct to 1 decimal place, of the athletes. Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 ah mark 1 mark 4 marks 4 marks 1s22, The figure below represents a triangular flower garden ABC in which AB 4m, BC 5m andZBCA 30 , Point D lies on AC such that BD 4m and 2 BDC is obtuse. A anDtNB a cFind, comecto2 decimal places: 2c masts o 3 marks the length of De; maris the aren ofthe flower garden ABC 2 matts Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 nt Turn over1623, The shaded region on the graph below shows a piece of land ABCD earmarked for building asub-county hospital Write down the ordinates of curves AB and DC for x 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and.1200, 2 marks b Use trapezium rule, with 6 strips to estimate the area of the piece of and ABCD, inhectares, 4 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 11"7 Use mid-ordinate rule with 3 strips o estimate the area of the piece of land, in hectares, 4 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 a Turn over24, The equation of a curve is y 3 ? Determine: the stationary points ofthe curve; G marks Gi the nature ofthe stationary points in a i above. 2 marks b Determine: the equation of the tangent tothe curve at x 1; 3 marks Gi the equation of the normal to the curve atx 1 marks THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019919228 Riv.


After Helmer's entrance, the talk is very different in the original version. He remarks upon the painful interview he has just had with Krogstad, whom he is forced to dismiss from the bank; Nora, in a mild way, pleads for him; and the doctor, in the name of the survival of the fittest,1 denounces humanitarian sentimentality, and then goes off to do his best to save a patient who, he confesses, would be much better dead. This discussion of the Krogstad question before Nora has learnt how vital it is to her, manifestly discounts the effect of the scenes which are to follow: and Ibsen, on revision, did away with it entirely. Nora's romp with the children, interrupted by the entrance of Krogstad, stands very much as in the final version; and in the scene with Krogstad there is no essential change. One detail is worth noting, as an instance of the art of working up an effect. In the first version, when Krogstad says, "Mrs. Stenborg, you must see to it that I keep my place in the bank," Nora replies: "I? How can you think that I have any such influence with my husband?"- a natural but not specially effective remark. But in the final version she has begun the scene by boasting to Krogstad of her influence, and telling him that people in a subordinate position ought to be careful how they offend such influential persons as herself; so that her subsequent denial that he has any influence becomes a notable dramatic effect. The final scene of the act, between Nora and Helmer, is not materially altered in the final version; but the first version contains no hint of the business of decorating the Christmas-tree or of Nora's wheedling Helmer by pretending to need his aid in devising her costume for the fancy dress ball. Indeed, this ball has not yet entered Ibsen's mind. He thinks of it first as a children's party in the flat overhead, to which Helmer's family are invited. In the opening scene of the second act there are one of two traits that might perhaps have been preserved, such as Nora's prayer: "Oh, God! Oh, God! Do something to Torvald's mind to prevent him from enraging that terrible man! Oh, God! Oh, God! I have three little children!


Oh, God! Oh, God! I have three little children! Do it for my children's sake.". Very natural and touching, too, is her exclamation, "Oh, how glorious it would be if I could only wake up, and come to my senses, and cry, 'It was a dream! It was a dream!'". A week, by the way, has passed, instead of a single night, as in the finished play; and Nora has been wearing herself out by going to parties every evening. Helmer enters immediately on the nurse's exit; there is no scene with Mrs. Linden in which she remonstrates with Nora for having as she thinks borrowed money from Dr. Rank, and so suggests to her the idea of applying to him for aid. In the scene with Helmer, we miss, among many other characteristic traits, his confession that the ultimate reason why he cannot keep Krogstad in the bank is that Krogstad, an old schoolfellow, is so tactless as to tutoyer him. There is a curious little touch in the passage where Helmer draws a contrast between his own strict rectitude and the doubtful character of Nora's father. ". I can give you proof of it," he says. ". I never cared to mention it before- but the twelve hundred dollars he gave you when you were set on going to Italy he never entered in his books: we have been quite unable to discover where he got them from.". When Dr. Rank enters, he speaks to Helmer and Nora together of his failing health; it is an enormous improvement which transfers this passage, in a carefully polished form, to his scene with Nora alone. That scene, in the draft, is almost insignificant. It consists mainly of somewhat melodramatic forecasts of disaster on Nora's part, and the doctor's alarm as to her health. Of the famous silk-stocking scene- that invaluable sidelight on Nora's relation with Helmer there is not a trace. There is no hint of Nora's appeal to Rank for help, nipped in the bud by his declaration of love for her. All these elements we find in a second draft of the scene which has been preserved.


Nora rejects this view, claiming that Torvald and her marriage could not sustain the knowledge of this secret. Mrs. Linde questions Nora as to whether Nora ever plans to tell Torvald. Nora replies that she may some day, if her good looks and charm wear off and she is in need of some compelling way to keepPage 13 Torvald, but not for quite a while. She then launches into a description of how hard it has been to find the money she has needed to repay this loan and how happy she is that she will be free of its burden thanks to Torvald's promotion. The doorbell rings and the maid informs Nora that Krogstad desires to see Torvald. Nora, shocked and worried that Krogstad has come to inform Torvald of Nora's secret, questions Krogstad about his business. Krogstad assures her that it is mere bank business and so Nora assents. Mrs. Linde reveals that she once knew the man. When Krogstad goes into the study, Dr. Rank comes out to chat with Nora and Mrs. Linde. Discussing the human urge to sustain life, Dr. Rank grudgingly admits that he does want to preserve his own despite his physical pain resulting from a disease. He then begins to discourse on the pervasiveness of morally corrupt characters, including Krogstad. Nora feigns ignorance and inquires about Krogstad about whom Dr. Rank only has unflattering reports. Nora suddenly breaks out into laughter. Avoiding a direct reply to the questioning looks of Mrs. Linde and Dr. Rank, she asks if the employees of the bank will be under the power of Torvald after his promotion. She revels in the idea. Still happy, she offers a macaroon to Dr. Rank, falsely claiming that they were a gift from an unaware Mrs. Linde after Dr. Rank expresses surprise knowing that they are forbidden . Nora then impulsively shares with Mrs. Linde and Dr. Rank that there is something that she would very much like to say if Torvald was able to hear: "I'll be damned!". Her companions' reactions are cut short, though, by the emergence of Torvald from the study. Hiding the macaroons, Nora introduces Torvald to Mrs. Linde after he emerges from the study. After the initial introductions and explanation of Mrs.


Hiding the macaroons, Nora introduces Torvald to Mrs. Linde after he emerges from the study. After the initial introductions and explanation of Mrs. Linde's situation, Torvald agrees to secure a bookkeeping job for her at the bank. Torvald and Dr. Rank then exit followed by Mrs. Linde, who is going off to look for a room. As they are leaving, the nurse enters with the children. The maid leaves for a bit and Nora proceeds to play with her children. While they are engrossed in a game of hide-and-go-seek, Krogstad knocks and half enters the room. The game abruptly stops when his presence is recognized. Nora sends the kids to the Nurse and talks to Krogstad at his request. Krogstad inquires whether Mrs. Linde has been given an appointment at the bank. Nora confirms this and cautions Krogstad to be careful about offending those in power since he is in a subordinate position. Krogstad then asks Nora to use her influence to ensure that he will be able to keep his own position at the bank. Nora is confused and explains that she has no influence on such matters. After making a disparaging remark about Torvald, Krogstad reveals that he is prepared to fight for his position at the bank as if for his life, implying that he will not hesitate to reveal Nora's secret. Torvald explains that his reputation at the bank, sullied by an indiscretion of the distant past, is extremely important to him because it will influence the lot of his maturing sons. Nora again replies that she has no power to influence his status. Krogstad threatens again to reveal her secret to which Nora replies that she is not worried; she believes that Torvald's knowledge would not bring great harm to the family. As a last resort, Krogstad points out the fact that Nora had committed fraud by signing her father's name for him, to which Nora admits. Nora scoffs that surely her indiscretion was not important but Krogstad calls that into question by comparing it to his own problem of the past and the potential reaction of a court of law. Nora is in disbelief that what she sees as an act of love could ever be considered illegal or wrong but is perturbed nonetheless. Krogstad threatens her one last time with legal action and leaves. Page 14 When Krogstad leaves, Nora's children enter.


Nora is in disbelief that what she sees as an act of love could ever be considered illegal or wrong but is perturbed nonetheless. Krogstad threatens her one last time with legal action and leaves. Page 14 When Krogstad leaves, Nora's children enter. Nora tells them not to mention Krogstad's visit to Torvald and reneges on her earlier promise to play with them, shooing them away. She then busies herself with needlework and asks for the Christmas tree. While Nora is dressing the tree and talking the problem out aloud to herself, Torvald returns and questions whether Krogstad has visited. After first denying it, Nora admits to the meeting because Torvald tells her that he believes that she is acting out of pity for a man who has come begging her to put a good word in for him to Torvald. Torvald reprimands her for participating in a lie and dealing with a man of questionable character. He then dismisses the subject. Nora, still dressing the tree, weaves a conversation that alternates between discussing the approaching fancy-dress ball and asking for Torvald's help with it and Krogstad. Torvald finally takes the bait and reveals that he plans to dismiss Krogstad because he despises Krogstad's character. Divulging that Krogstad's past indiscretion had been a forgery, Torvald admits that he would have forgiven the man had Krogstad owned up to his lie. Instead, Torvald vigorously condemns the lie that Krogstad used to escape his problem, claiming that Krogstad's hypocrisy is treacherous because it even infects his family; Torvald even goes so far as to claim that each breath that Krogstad takes necessarily pollutes his home and children. Nora mildly questions this and Torvald replies that he has often seen this sort of thing. In fact, Torvald claims that all children who go bad do so as a result of bad mothering and perhaps fathering . Telling Nora never to pled Krogstad's case again, Torvald says that he would be unable to work with Krogstad because Torvald becomes physically ill in his presence. Nora is agitated and comments on how hot she is. Torvald, oblivious, goes off to his study to take care of business while Nora whispers to herself that the situation cannot be real.


Telling Nora never to pled Krogstad's case again, Torvald says that he would be unable to work with Krogstad because Torvald becomes physically ill in his presence. Nora is agitated and comments on how hot she is. Torvald, oblivious, goes off to his study to take care of business while Nora whispers to herself that the situation cannot be real. The Nurse asks if the children can come in and play, to which Nora strongly refuses. Left alone, Nora is pale with terror and wonders if she can really be depraving her children. As the act closes, Nora tosses her head and states that these fears cannot be true. Analysis: Act I, in the tradition of the well made play in which the first act serves as an exposition, the second an event, and the third an unraveling though Ibsen diverges from the traditional third act by presenting not an unraveling, but a discussion , establishes the tensions that explode later in the play. Ibsen sets up the Act by first introducing us to the central issue: Nora and her relation to the exterior world Nora entering with her packages . Nora serves as a symbol for women of the time; women who were thought to be content with the luxuries of modern society with no thought or care of the world in which they lived. Indeed, there is some truth in this the extent of this is debatable . As the play reveals, Nora does delight in material wealth, having been labeled a spendthrift from an early age. She projects the attitude that money is the key to happiness. By presenting this theme of the relationship between women and their surroundings at the beginning, Ibsen indicates to the reader that this is the most basic and important idea at work in the play. However, it is also clear that Nora's simplistic approach to the world is not entirely her fault. Torvald's treatment of Nora as a small helpless child only contributes to Nora's isolation from reality. Just as Nora relates to the exterior world primarily through material objects, Torvald relates to Nora as an object to be possessed. The question becomes who is more detached from reality? Though Torvald's attitude pervades every word he speaks to Nora, his objectification of her is most evident in his use of animal imagery. He refers to her as his little "lark" and "squirrel" small harmless animals.


The question becomes who is more detached from reality? Though Torvald's attitude pervades every word he speaks to Nora, his objectification of her is most evident in his use of animal imagery. He refers to her as his little "lark" and "squirrel" small harmless animals. Similarly, Torvald repeatedly calls Nora his "little one" or "little girl", maintaining the approach of a father rather than husband. Nora is fullyPage 15 dependent on Torvald, from money to diet the macaroons ; and, because she is so sheltered, her perception of the world is romanticized. Nora's skewed vision of the world is most evident in her interactions with Mrs. Linde. Whereas her old school friend is wizened and somber, Nora is impetuous. Her choice to tell Mrs. Linde about her secret seems to be more of a boast of a small child than a thoughtful adult; in fact, Nora only reveals her secret after being called a child by Mrs. Linde. Similarly, in her talk with Krogstad, Nora seems unable to accept that what she sees as acts of love could be seen as illegal and wrong. She refuses to believe that she is just as guilty as Krogstad. However, it is apparent that Nora is at least partly aware of the falseness of her life. When pressed as to whether she will ever tell Torvald about the loan, she replies that she would, but only in time. For now, she believes that it would upset the lies that have built her home: Torvald's "manly independence" and even the basis of their marriage. This suggests that Nora is at least vaguely aware that Torvald's position as the manly provider and lawgiver is just as fabricated as her role as the helpless child-wife and mother. Indeed, it is important to examine the language of the opening scene between Nora and Torvald and realize that Nora's words can be read as both sincere and insincere; the text suggests an ambiguity in Nora's awareness of her situation. However, though Nora is somewhat aware, she does not want to face the implications of this reality, believing that material wealth will render her "free from care", allowing her to play with her children, keep the house beautifully, and do everything the way that Torvald likes. The lie can be preserved.


Indeed, it is important to examine the language of the opening scene between Nora and Torvald and realize that Nora's words can be read as both sincere and insincere; the text suggests an ambiguity in Nora's awareness of her situation. However, though Nora is somewhat aware, she does not want to face the implications of this reality, believing that material wealth will render her "free from care", allowing her to play with her children, keep the house beautifully, and do everything the way that Torvald likes. The lie can be preserved. Moreover, it seems that it is her lie, her knowledge that she has done something for Torvald that keeps Nora happy. Mrs. Linde's complaint that she feels unspeakably empty without anyone to care for reinforces the importance of this role for women in general in the text. Consequently, Nora is content to continue to act as a child, romping with her children as if she is one of them. Indeed, it is clear that, just as she is not as much a wife as a child in her marriage, she is not a mother in any real sense either. It is the nurse who actually takes care of the children; Nora mostly plays with them and occasionally takes on more serious responsibilities but only because she views them as "great fun". When Nora realizes that all may not go to plan after her talk with Krogstad because she is unable to either influence Torvald or talk to him on a straight level about her predicament, she begins to feel helpless. In the last scene of the act, when Nora is trimming the tree and conversing with Torvald, the full falseness of her situation becomes clear. Acting helpless, Nora tells Torvald that she absolutely needs his help, even with such a trifling thing as picking a costume for the upcoming ball. Torvald is not surprised and is even delighted, promising to help her. When the subject turns to the more serious matter of Torvald's views on Krogstad, it becomes apparent that Torvald is perhaps hopelessly invested in a false and twisted image of the world in which women are charged with the moral purity of the world, claiming that if men turn out badly it is because of poor mothering.


Acting helpless, Nora tells Torvald that she absolutely needs his help, even with such a trifling thing as picking a costume for the upcoming ball. Torvald is not surprised and is even delighted, promising to help her. When the subject turns to the more serious matter of Torvald's views on Krogstad, it becomes apparent that Torvald is perhaps hopelessly invested in a false and twisted image of the world in which women are charged with the moral purity of the world, claiming that if men turn out badly it is because of poor mothering. As a result, at the end of the scene, when Nora reassures herself that "it must be impossible", she is worried both about the impossibility of her position in the immediate sense i.e., concerning the loan as well as the impossibility of her larger situation as a participant in a marriage and family built on lies. In fact, it is possible to view her last words of the act a defiance of Torvald's views on women as the beginning of her rejection of the marriage altogether. Act II: Summary: The second Act begins where the first left off--Nora still pacing the living room uneasily, worried that Krogstad will expose her. Still denying the possibility of negative repercussions, Nora is interrupted byPage 16 the Nurse who brings in Nora's ball dress. Nora asks if her children have been asking for her. The Nurse confirms that they have and Nora, continuing to hint at negative events yet to come, tells the Nurse that Nora will not be able to be with her children as much as before. When the Nurse comments that the children will be able to cope with such a loss, Nora wonders aloud if they would forget her altogether if she were to go away. The Nurse is shocked. Nora then asks her a question she claims to have had for a long time: how the Nurse could have felt comfortable leaving her own children among strangers while she came to work as Nora's nurse when Nora was little. The Nurse tells her that she was grateful for such a good position and, given her financially unstable situation and her dislike of her husband , something she could not pass up. Nora further probes if the Nurse's daughter, as a result of her absence, had forgotten the Nurse. Nurse says no. Nora throws her arms around the Nurse, telling the Nurse what a wonderful mother she had been for her.


Nora further probes if the Nurse's daughter, as a result of her absence, had forgotten the Nurse. Nurse says no. Nora throws her arms around the Nurse, telling the Nurse what a wonderful mother she had been for her. Nora also begins to say that she is sure that the Nurse would also be a wonderful mother to Nora's children if they were suddenly without a mother but dismisses her thought as silly and sends the Nurse back to the children, turning the conversation to the ball. While alone, Nora unsuccessfully tries to concentrate on the ball and forget the problem of the possibility of Krogstad revealing her secret. She is interrupted by Mrs. Linde's arrival. Happy to see her, Nora asks Mrs. Linde to help her repair her dress for the ball the next evening. While sewing, Mrs. Linde thanks Nora for her hospitality and begins to ask about Dr. Rank and whether he is usually as depressing as he had been the day before. Nora reports that, as Mrs. Linde expected, he had been particularly bad and explains to her friend that Dr. Rank suffers from a very dangerous consumption of the spine that he has had from childhood; Nora hints that Dr. Rank's problem is the result of his father's sexual indiscretions though it is unclear as to whether Nora is really hinting and aware of the fact that they were sexual in nature . Shocked by Nora's understanding of the matter, Mrs. Linde drops her sewing and asks Nora how it is that she knows of such things. Nora dismisses Mrs. Linde's inquiry by telling her that the married women friends that occasionally stop by have a good knowledge of medical problems. Resuming her sewing, Mrs. Linde quietly continues her probe of Nora's relationship with Dr. Rank, asking Nora if he is often at the house. Nora replies that Dr. Rank is a good friend of both she and Torvald and stops by the house daily. Curious about Dr. Rank's motives as well as his familiarity with Mrs. Linde's name and Torvald's lack of familiarity , Mrs. Linde asks Nora to describe her relationship with the Doctor. Nora confesses that, because of Torvald's own tastes, she does often tell Dr. Rank things that she does not share with Torvald. Suspicious of Dr. Rank, Mrs. Linde, citing her superior experience and knowledge of the world, counsels Nora to end her relationship with Dr.


Nora is relieved that Dr. Rank has actually been talking about himself and not her own situation and comments on the ugliness of the matter. Dr. Rank agrees and asks Nora to prevent Torvald from entering Rank's sickroom once Rank knows that he is about to enter the final stages of death because Rank does not want Torvald to witness the ugliness of the disease since he knows that Torvald's refined nature gives Torvald an unconquerable disgust of everything ugly. Nora, upset by his pessimistic and ugly tone, comments that she had hoped that he would be in good spirits today. Rank scoffs at the idea of being in good humor pun probably not intended when he knows that he is dying for the sins of his father. Besides, he says, such revenge for indiscretion is being exacted in every household. Unclear as to what Rank is talking about, Nora comments that Rank's father must have eaten a lot of unhealthy foods and alcohol when he was younger. The conversation it is unclear as to whether the two have really understood each other throughout the exchange peters out with Nora commenting that the biggest tragedy has been that Dr. Rank has not been able to enjoy these pleasures himself. Dr. Rank is intrigued by this nebulous statement and makes a small exclamation. The conversation becomes confused and degenerates into a comment on the silly moods that two are in. Nora, rising and placing her hands on Dr. Rank's shoulders, commentsPage 18 that she and Torvald would hate to lose Dr. Rank to death. Dr. Rank replies that those who are gone are easily forgotten, piquing Nora's interest. Dr. Rank, explaining the matter, observes that Mrs. Linde has already begun to replace him. Nora tells him to be quiet and promises that, if he is nice, she will dance the next day and he will be able to imagine that it is all for him and, as a quick qualifier, Torvald as well . Nora, continuing consciously or unconsciously to flirt with the Doctor, pulls out a pair of silk stockings to show him. They banter a bit about how much leg Nora will have to show him for him to form an opinion of the stockings. Dr. Rank comments on the great deal of intimacy and comfort he has enjoyed with the Helmers and how he would like to leave some token of appreciation for their generosity before he passes away.


They banter a bit about how much leg Nora will have to show him for him to form an opinion of the stockings. Dr. Rank comments on the great deal of intimacy and comfort he has enjoyed with the Helmers and how he would like to leave some token of appreciation for their generosity before he passes away. Nora, interested, begins to ask him about doing her a big favor when Dr. Rank reveals that he is in love with her and would give his life for her, saddening Nora and deterring her from pursuing the favor. Nora, chastising Dr. Rank for making such a comment, leaves the room to bring in a lamp. Steering the conversation back to safer territory, Nora explains why she loves Torvald but seems to enjoy her time with Dr. Rank more. While she is observing how similar her relationship with Torvald is with that of her deceased father, the maid enters with the news that Krogstad is in the house and refuses to leave until he sees Nora. Dr. Rank, unaware of the circumstances, retires to Torvald's study, buying Nora's explanation that she has just received a new dress about which she would prefer Torvald not know. Temporarily alone while the maid fetches Krogstad, Nora comments to herself that "this dreadful thing is going to happen! It will happen in spite of me! No, no, no it can't happen it shan't happen!". When Krogstad enters, Nora tells him to speak low, warning him that Torvald is home. Krogstad, unperturbed, asks her for an explanation of his dismissal. Nora replies that she did her best pleading his case, but could not sway her husband. Krogstad, assuming that Nora told him everything, comments that Torvald must love her very little to have made such a decision. Nora informs him that Torvald does not know anything about the matter, inspiring Krogstad to make a few derogatory remarks about Nora's husband. Settling down a bit, Krogstad asks Nora if she now has a clearer idea of what she has done than the day before. Nora replies that she does indeed. In fact, she says that she understands more than Krogstad could ever teach her and asks him what he wants of her. Krogstad replies that, despite the words exchanged in their last meeting, he has in fact been concerned about her and wants to know how she is doing.