A i Apart from an over thrust fold, name three other types of folds. 3 marks ii Describe the formation of an over thrust fold. 6 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 59 b i Name the young fold mountains found in the following continents Africa 1 mark Europe. 1 mark Asia 1 mark North America. 1 mark ii Apart from Fold Mountains, name four other features resulting from folding. 4 marks c Explain four effects of folding on physical environment 8 marks 9 a i Define an ocean. 2 marks ii Explain the three causes of variation in the amount of salt in ocean water. 6 marks b i Identify three processes involved with wave erosion. 3 marks ii With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe the process through which a wave cut platform is formed. 8 marks c You intend to carry out a field study on types of features resulting from wave deposition along the coast i Identify three methods you would use to record data 3 marks ii Give three depositional features you are likely to observe during field study 3 marks 10 a i What is soil structure ii Explain how the following factors influence soil formation. 2 marks Time 2 marks Parent rock b Describe the following properties of soil. 2 marks Soil texture. 2 marks Soil porosity 2 marks Soil colour. 2 marks c State four negative effects of soil erosion d You are planning to carry out field study on soil around your school. 4 marks i State four preparations that you will make for the study 4 marks ii Give three reasons why it is important to study soils through the field study 3 marks BOKAKE JOINT EVALUATION EXAM 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 1. State four characteristics of shifting cultivation 4mks 2. Give the difference between softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings. A Distribution of softwood forests: 2mks b Transportation of the logs: 2mks 3.


State four characteristics of shifting cultivation 4mks 2. Give the difference between softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings. A Distribution of softwood forests: 2mks b Transportation of the logs: 2mks 3. A Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation 2mks b State two ways in which each of the following problems experienced at the Mwea Irrigation Scheme can be solved. I Low prices of rice. 2mks ii Fluctuating water levels in the irrigation canals 2mks 4. Give five reasons why it is necessary to conserve wildlife in Kenya 5mks 5. I Name three main hydroelectric power stations along the river Tana 3mks ii Apart from providing electric power, state three other benefits of the dams along the River Tana 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 60 6. The table below shows the total number of dairy cattle reared in the Kenya Highlands in the years 2021 and 2022. Use it to answer to question a Types of dairy cattle 2021 2022 Friesian 942000 965000 Ayrshire 120000 154000 Jersey 97000 128000 Guernsey 94000 103000 Fleckvieh Simmental 19000 24000 Sahiwal 29000 41000 a i State the type of the dairy cattle with highest increase between 2021 and 2022 1mk ii Calculate the percentage increase of Friesian dairy cattle between 2021 and 2022 2mks iii Draw a divided rectangle 15 cm long to represent the data above for the year 2021 and show your calculations 10mks iv State two advantages of using divided rectangle to represent geographic data 2mks b Explain two human factors that favor dairy farming in the Kenya Highlands 4mks c Explain three ways in which dairy farming in Kenya is different from dairy farming in Denmark 6mks 7. A State three physical conditions that favor coffee growing in the Central Highlands of Kenya 3mks b Describe the stages involved in coffee production from picking to marketing.


The table below shows the total number of dairy cattle reared in the Kenya Highlands in the years 2021 and 2022. Use it to answer to question a Types of dairy cattle 2021 2022 Friesian 942000 965000 Ayrshire 120000 154000 Jersey 97000 128000 Guernsey 94000 103000 Fleckvieh Simmental 19000 24000 Sahiwal 29000 41000 a i State the type of the dairy cattle with highest increase between 2021 and 2022 1mk ii Calculate the percentage increase of Friesian dairy cattle between 2021 and 2022 2mks iii Draw a divided rectangle 15 cm long to represent the data above for the year 2021 and show your calculations 10mks iv State two advantages of using divided rectangle to represent geographic data 2mks b Explain two human factors that favor dairy farming in the Kenya Highlands 4mks c Explain three ways in which dairy farming in Kenya is different from dairy farming in Denmark 6mks 7. A State three physical conditions that favor coffee growing in the Central Highlands of Kenya 3mks b Describe the stages involved in coffee production from picking to marketing. 8mks c Explain four problems facing coffee farming in Brazil 8mks d Your geography class carried out a field study on a coffee farm i State four methods the class may have used to collect data 4mks ii During the field study the class collected data on quantities of coffee produced in the farm in the last five years. State two methods the class may have used to present the data. 2mks 8. A i What is visible trade? 2mks ii List three major imports to Kenya from Japan. 3mks b Explain four factors that influence internal trade in Kenya. 8mks c State four ways in which trade is of significance to Kenya. 4mks d Explain four benefits which the member states of ECOWAS have derived from the creation of the trading bloc 8mks 9.


2marks b Give the details of each of the following seasons; i Equinox 1mark ii Summer solstice 1mrks iii Winter solstice 1marks 4. A Explain how the presence of cold ocean current influences the climate of the adjacent coastlands. 4marks 5. A What is folding? 2marks b Name one fold mountain in; i North America 1mark ii Africa 1mark iii South America 1 mark SECTION B 75 MARKS 6. You have been provided with a map extract of Kisumu east sheet 116 2 1:5000, study the map and answer the following questions. A Apart from the map provided, name the other two types of maps. 2marks b Calculate the area of Kisumu municipality. Give your answer in kilometers. 3marks c Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. 4marks d What is the longitudinal extend of the area covered by the map. 2marks e Give the six figure grid reference of the trigonometric station near Muhoroni-Kisumu road. 2marks f Explain how relief has influenced settlement in the area covered by the map. 6 marks g i Draw a cross section between grid reference 070940 and 070000. Use the scale 1cm to represents 250m. Marks ii On the cross section mark and name the all-weather roads bound surface , Nyando escarpment and a hill. 6marks 7. A Describe the following characteristic of minerals. I Colour 2marks ii Clearage 2marks iii Hardness 2marks b i Give two types of igneous rocks 2marks ii Explain three conditions necessary for the growth of coral polyps 6marks c State four uses of rocks 4marks d You are planning to carry out a field study on the rocks within your school environment. I Give two secondary sources of information you could use to prepare the field study.


A Describe the following characteristic of minerals. I Colour 2marks ii Clearage 2marks iii Hardness 2marks b i Give two types of igneous rocks 2marks ii Explain three conditions necessary for the growth of coral polyps 6marks c State four uses of rocks 4marks d You are planning to carry out a field study on the rocks within your school environment. I Give two secondary sources of information you could use to prepare the field study. 2marks ii State why you would need the following items during the field study; A fork jembe 1 mark Carrier bag 1mark iii Suppose during the field study you collect marble, sandstone and granite, classify each of this samples according to its mode of formation. 3marks 8. A Give three processes that lead to formation of lakes. 2marks b i Describe how Lake Victoria was formed. 4marks ii Explain how Lake Victoria influences climate of the surrounding areas. 6marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 76 c i a part from Lake Magadi, name two other lakes within the rift valley in lakes that have high level of salinity. 2marks ii Explain three causes of salinity in Lake Magadi. 6marks d Give four economic uses of lakes other than mining. 4marks 9. A State three characteristics of desert soil. 3marks b Identify two factors that contribute to soil leaching. 2marks c Explain how each of the following factors influences the formation of soil; i Nature of the parent rocks 2marks ii Time 2marks iii Topography 2marks d i Define soil profile. 2marks ii The diagram below represent a well developed soil profile. State the characteristics of horizon A e Explain four ways in which human activities contribute to loss soil fertility. 4 marks . 10. A i Define underground water. 2 marks ii Explain how the following factors influence availability of Underground water. Slope of the land 2mks Vegetation cover 2mks b i State three conditions that are necessary for the formation of an Artesian well.


A i Define underground water. 2 marks ii Explain how the following factors influence availability of Underground water. Slope of the land 2mks Vegetation cover 2mks b i State three conditions that are necessary for the formation of an Artesian well. 3 mrks ii State three problems that are associated with an artesian well. 3 marks c i Differentiate between a Karst scenery and Karst region. 2 marks ii The diagram below shows the underground features in limestone areas. Identify the features marked X, Y and Z. 3 marks d Form four students of a school are planning to carry out a field study on a Karst landscape aroundwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 77 their school. I Name two surface features are likely to identify. 2 marks ii Give three reasons why they needed a working schedule. 3 marks iii Why was it necessary for them to divide into groups during their study? 3 marks LUGARI CONSTITUENCY EVALUATION 2023 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 SECTION A Answer all the questions in this section. 1 a Why is Geography a unique subject ? 2 marks b Give three branches of human Geography, 3 marks 2 a Differentiate between a forest and forestry. 2 marks b State three factors that have hindered exploitation of equatorial rainforest in Africa. 3 marks 3. A Define mining 2 marks b Name three exotic breed of dairy cattle reared in Kenya 3 marks 4. A Name two major imports from Europe to Kenya. 2 marks b State three problems facing developing countries in international trade. 3 marks 5. A State TWO factors which have led to the growth of Mombasa as a major sea port 2 mks b Name a town in Kenya where each of the following industries is located. 3 marks Oil refinery- Paper manufacturing- Motor vehicle assembly- SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section. 6. A The table below shows the area under the horticultural crops in Kenya between 2000 and 2002.


4 marks b Explain three problems that are likely to face a country experiencing a high population growth rate. 6 marks c Describe four ways in which the population of Kenya differs from that of Sweden. 8 marks 8. A i Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation 2 marks ii Identify three methods of land reclamation in Kenya 3 marks b i State four physical factors that influenced the location of Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme 4marks ii Explain four problems facing Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme 8 marks c i Name two major land reclamation projects that were undertaken in Netherlands 2 marks ii Give three differences between land reclamation in Kenya and the Netherlands. 6 marks 9 a i. what is flooding 2mks ii. Name THREE rivers that cause large scale flooding, 3mks iii. State FOUR ways in which people are affected by floods. 4mks b i. What is pollution. ? 2mks ii. Explain three ways in which farming activities contribute to water pollution. 6mks c i. Explain THREE measures taken by the government to manage and conserve the environment. 6mks ii Name two Non Governmental organization NGOs concern with environmental conservation. 2mkswww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 79 10 a Using the map below, name the following National parks and game reserves. A,B,C and D . 4mks b i List four problems facing wildlife conservation in Kenya. 4mks ii Give three reasons why there has been an increase in the tourist visiting Kenya 2003-2006 3mks c i State two characteristics of eco-tourism 2mks ii Explain the measures the Kenya government is undertaking to improve domestic tourism 6mks d Explain three physical factors favouring tourism in Switzerland 6mks LUGARI SUB-COUNTY GEOGRAPH PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME- 1.


A,B,C and D . 4mks b i List four problems facing wildlife conservation in Kenya. 4mks ii Give three reasons why there has been an increase in the tourist visiting Kenya 2003-2006 3mks c i State two characteristics of eco-tourism 2mks ii Explain the measures the Kenya government is undertaking to improve domestic tourism 6mks d Explain three physical factors favouring tourism in Switzerland 6mks LUGARI SUB-COUNTY GEOGRAPH PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME- 1. A What is atmosphere 2marks an envelope of gases held on the earth s surface by force of gravity b Name the three transition layers of the atmosphere 3marks Tropopause Stratopause Mesopause 2 a Explain two ways in which vegetation in the Nyika region of Kenya find adapted to the climatic condition experienced at the areas. 4marks Trees have long tap roots to tap water beneath Trees are umbrella shaped to provide shade that reduces the rate of evaporation around the stem Some plants have waxy needle like leaves to reduce loss of water through evaporation Some plants produce some seeds that are dormant for a long time and germinate when the rain falls. Some shed their leaves during dry season to reduce transpiration b Name two ways in which biological weathering takes place. 2 marks Through the action of plants Through the action of animals Through the action of people. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 92 NTIMARU SUB-COUNTY CLUSTER EXAMS 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 JULY AUGUST 2023 - 2 HOURS SECTION A Answer all the questions in this section 1. A State the effects of the following on the shape of the earth i Centripetal force 1mk ii Centrifugal force 1mk iii Force of gravity 1mk b Give two proofs that the interior of the earth is hot. 2mks 2. A What is temperature inversion? 2mks b Name three layers of the atmosphere 3mks 3. A The following is a diagram showing an earthquake hit area at a tectonic boundary.


A What is temperature inversion? 2mks b Name three layers of the atmosphere 3mks 3. A The following is a diagram showing an earthquake hit area at a tectonic boundary. Use it to answer the questions that follows Identify the parts labeled A,B,C 3mks b Identify two types of earthquake waves 2mks 4. The diagram below shows a section of a river. Use it to answer the questions that follow a Name the features marked S and T 2mks b State three conditions that are necessary for the formation of the feature marked S 3mks 5. A What is a lake? 2mks b Identify three reasons why most lakes in the rift valley are salty 3mkswww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 93 SECTION B Answer question 6 and two other questions from this section Use the map of NYERI 1:50,000 provided to answer the questions that follow 6. A i Calculate the latitudinal extent of the area covered by the map 2mks ii Give the magnetic declination when the map was taken. 1mk iii Calculate the area of Nyeri forest to the East of easting 69 and North of northing 56.Give your answer in km2 2mks b i Identify two human features in grid square 7353. 2mks ii Name three vegetation in the area covered by the map 3mks c i Citing evidence from the map, explain three economic activities in the area covered by the map. 6mks ii What is the direction of Tusha welfare centre from Nyeri Hill forest 1mk iii Identify two hydrographic features in the area covered by the map 2mks d i Describe the relief of the area covered by the map 4mks ii Identify two scales used on the map 2mks 7. A i What is a desert?


2mks ii Name three vegetation in the area covered by the map 3mks c i Citing evidence from the map, explain three economic activities in the area covered by the map. 6mks ii What is the direction of Tusha welfare centre from Nyeri Hill forest 1mk iii Identify two hydrographic features in the area covered by the map 2mks d i Describe the relief of the area covered by the map 4mks ii Identify two scales used on the map 2mks 7. A i What is a desert? 2mks ii Name two typoes of desert landscapes 2mks b Describe how wind transports materials on the desert surface using the following processes i Surface creep 2mks ii Saltation 2mks c Using well labelled diagrams,explain how Bacharn is formed 8mks d You intend to carry out a field study in an arid area near your school. I State two reasons for carrying out a pre visit 2mks ii Apart from Barchan, state three depositional features they are likely to have identified 3mks iii State four positive effects of desert features to man they are likely to identify4mks 8. A Define the term folding 2mks b Name three types of folds 3mks c Explain four ways in which fold mountains influence climate 8mks d i Name two folds mountains in Africa 2mks ii Apart from Fold Mountains name two features resulting from folding. 2mks e Explain four ways in which fold mountains influence human activities 8mks 9. A Apart from savannah vegetation, name three vegetations regions found in Kenya 3mks b Describe four characteristics of savanna vegetation 4mks c Name the temperate grassland found in the following countries. 3mks i Canada ii Russia iii Australia d Explain the causes of the decline of the areas under forests in Kenya 8mks e i You intend to carry out a study on vegetation around your school. Give three reasons why you may need a working schedule. 3mks ii Give four uses of vegetation you are likely to identify during the study. 4mks 10.


Give three reasons why you may need a working schedule. 3mks ii Give four uses of vegetation you are likely to identify during the study. 4mks 10. A Differentiate between an ocean and sea 2mks b Name three types of islands in the ocean 3mks c i State three factors influencing deposition by ocean waves 3mks ii List four features resulting from wave erosion 4mks d With the aid of well labeled diagram, describe the formation of a fringing reef 5mks e Explain four importance of oceans to human activities 8mkswww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 94 NTIMARU SUB-COUNTY CLUSTER EXAMS 312 2 GEOGRAPHY Paper 2 JULY AUGUST 2023 - 2 Hours SECTION A 25 MARKS Answer all questions in this section 1. A Define mining 2mks b State three roles of soda ash to the economy of Kenya 3mks 2. A Name two forest reserves in Kenya 2mks b State three characteristics of equatorial rainforest 3mks 3. A Name any two exotic breeds of beef cattle reared in Kenya 2mks b Give three physical conditions that favour beef farming in Argentina 3mks 4. A List two types of non-renewable sources of energy 2mks b State three causes of energy crisis in the world 3mks 5. A Name three types of industries based on the level of production 2mks b State two problems of industrialization 3mks SECTION B 75 MARKS Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section. 6. The table below shows the number of tourists who visited Kenya from European countries for a period of four years. No. Of tourists 2011 2012 2013 2014 Germany France Italy Spain 600 430 330 180 820 620 440 200 700 410 350 230 850 730 600 420 a i Using a vertical scale of 1cm represent 200 tourists, present the above data using a compound bar graph.


The table below shows the number of tourists who visited Kenya from European countries for a period of four years. No. Of tourists 2011 2012 2013 2014 Germany France Italy Spain 600 430 330 180 820 620 440 200 700 410 350 230 850 730 600 420 a i Using a vertical scale of 1cm represent 200 tourists, present the above data using a compound bar graph. 9mks ii State three advantages of using compound bar graph as a method of data presentation. 3mks b Explain how the following factors influence tourism in Kenya i Climate 2mks ii Transport 2mks c Identify two major national parks in Kenya 2mks d Explain the significance of tourism industry in Switzerland 8mks 7. A i Distinguish between land reclamation and land rehabilitation 2mks ii Name any three methods used to rehabilitate land in Kenya 3mks b Explain three physical factors which influenced the location of Mwea Irrigation Scheme 6mks c Name two projects that were used to reclaim land in the Netherlands 2mks d Describe how land was reclaimed from the sea in the Netherlands 8mks e State four the differences between land reclamation in Kenya and the Netherlands 4mks 8. A i Name two counties in Kenya where sugarcane is grown in large scale. 2mks ii State four physical requirements that favour sugarcane growing. 4mks b Describe how sugarcane is processed. 8mks c State four uses of sugar. 4mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 95 d Students of Manyatta High School are planning to conduct a field study of Sony Sugar factory at Awendo. I State any two objectives of their study. 2mks ii Give three reasons why the reconaissance is necessary. 3mks iii Identify any two possible problems they are likely to encounter during the study. 2mks 9.


2mks ii Give three reasons why the reconaissance is necessary. 3mks iii Identify any two possible problems they are likely to encounter during the study. 2mks 9. A i Define trade 1mk ii Name three types of monetary trade. 3mks b i What do you understand by adverse balance of trade. 2mks ii Identify three visible exports from Kenya 3mks c Name any two regional trade blocs in Africa. 2mks d Explain four roles played by trade in Kenya 8mks e Explain three challenges facing trade in Kenya. 6mks 10. A Distinguish between settlement and urbanization. 2mks b State four factors that influence settlement. 4mks c Study the diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow. I Identify the type of settlement pattern shown above. 1mk ii State four factors that can lead to the development of the above settlement pattern 4mks d Explain four factors that contributed to the growth of Kisumu as a lake port. 8mks e Explain three effects of urbanization. 6mks NTIMARU SUB COUNTY EXAMINATION-2023 312 1 GEOGRAPHY MARKING SCHEME SECTION A 1. State the effects of the following on the shape of the earth a Centripetal force 1mk The force pulls the north pole and south pole towards each other thus causing the flattening of the poles b Centrifugal force Causes bulging of the earth at equator due to variation in rotation towards the equator c Force of gravity 1mk Pulls materials to the Centre of the earth thus causing the rounding effect to the shape of the earth b Give two proofs that the interior of the earth is hot. 2mks Materials from volcanic eruption are very hotwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 108 MUMIAS SUB-COUNTY MOCK EXAMINATION 2023 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 SECTION A: Answer all the questions in this section 1. The diagram below shows the internal structure of the earth.


State the effects of the following on the shape of the earth a Centripetal force 1mk The force pulls the north pole and south pole towards each other thus causing the flattening of the poles b Centrifugal force Causes bulging of the earth at equator due to variation in rotation towards the equator c Force of gravity 1mk Pulls materials to the Centre of the earth thus causing the rounding effect to the shape of the earth b Give two proofs that the interior of the earth is hot. 2mks Materials from volcanic eruption are very hotwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 108 MUMIAS SUB-COUNTY MOCK EXAMINATION 2023 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 SECTION A: Answer all the questions in this section 1. The diagram below shows the internal structure of the earth. A Name the parts labelled P, Q and R. 3marks b State three characteristics of the inner core. 3marks 2. A Give two local winds that are found in Kenya. 3 marks b State three conditions that are necessary for formation of dew. 3 marks 3. Explain how the following factors influence climate. Oceans currents 2marks Forests 2marks 4. A Define a lake 2marks b State two reasons why some rift valley lakes are fresh water. 2marks 5. A Apart from desertification, name two other environmental hazards experienced in Kenya. 3 marks b State two causes of desertification. 2 marks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions in this section 6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50000 provided and answer the following questions. I What is the bearing of the trigonometrical station at Grid reference 081980 from the rock out crop at grid reference 071992. 1 mark ii Measure the length of the all weather road bound surface B25 3 from the junction at grid reference 968884 all the way to the edge of the area covered by the map in the east at GR 100816. Give your answer in kilometers .


I What is the bearing of the trigonometrical station at Grid reference 081980 from the rock out crop at grid reference 071992. 1 mark ii Measure the length of the all weather road bound surface B25 3 from the junction at grid reference 968884 all the way to the edge of the area covered by the map in the east at GR 100816. Give your answer in kilometers . 2 marks iii Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 100metres, draw a Cross-section between GR:040940 and 040990. 4 marks On it mark and name; - the escarpment. 1 mark - Power transmission line. 1 mark - Plantation. 1 mark b i Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. 4 marks ii Explain how relief has influenced settlement in the area covered by the map. 2 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 109 c Citing evidence from the map, give three economic activities carried out in the area covered by the map other than crop growing. 3 marks d Students from the school at Mosongo Grid square 0681 carried Out a field study of the course of the river Ombeyi. I State three findings they are likely to have come up with. 3 marks ii Give three advantages of studying rivers through fieldwork. 3 marks 7. A i Define the solar system. 2 marks ii The local time at Manaul 600W 1130 Hours. What is the time in Nairobi, 370 E? 3 marks b i State five characteristics of the mantle in the interior of the earth. 5 marks ii Outline the evidence which supports the theory of continental drift 4 marks 8. A i Distinguish between minerals and rocks. 2 marks ii Describe the following characteristics of minerals: Colour. 2 marks Tenacity. 2 marks Hardness. 2 marks b i What are sedimentary rocks? 2 marks ii State three characteristics of sedimentary rocks. 3 marks iii Explain two reasons why sedimentary rocks are widespread in the coastal plain of Kenya.


6 marks ii State five ways of conserving soils 3 marks MUMIAS SUB-COUNTY MOCK EXAMINATION 2023 312 2 GEOGRAPHY Paper 2 . SECTION A 25MKS 1. A What is human geography? 2mks b List three areas covered in practical geography 3mks 2. A State three physical conditions that favour large scale sugarcane growing in Kenya 3mks b Name two areas where sugarcane is grown in large scale in Kenya. 2mks 3.. a What do you understand by: i Fisheries 1mk ii Fish farming 1mk b State three human factors influencing fishing 3mks 4 a Name two international airports in Kenya. 2mks b Give three reasons why there is limited use of river transport in Africa 3mks 5 a Define the term urbanization. 2mks b Suggest three problems experienced by rapidly growing urban centres. 3mks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section. 6. The photograph below shows an activity in Kenya. Use it to answer question a and b a i Identify the type of photograph shown above 1mk ii State any two evidence in the photograph supporting a i above 2mks iii Draw a rectangle measuring 15cm by 10cm to represent the area covered by the photograph. On it sketch and label four main features shown on the photograph 6mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 112 b i Identify two features from the photograph that shows the area is dry 2mks ii Name two counties in Kenya where the photograph might have been taken 2mks c i Explain four problems facing pastoralism in Kenya 8mks d You intent to carry out a field study in the area shown by the photograph i State two problems you are likely to encounter 2mks ii List any two follow-up activities you would carry out after the field study 2mks 7.


The photograph below shows an activity in Kenya. Use it to answer question a and b a i Identify the type of photograph shown above 1mk ii State any two evidence in the photograph supporting a i above 2mks iii Draw a rectangle measuring 15cm by 10cm to represent the area covered by the photograph. On it sketch and label four main features shown on the photograph 6mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 112 b i Identify two features from the photograph that shows the area is dry 2mks ii Name two counties in Kenya where the photograph might have been taken 2mks c i Explain four problems facing pastoralism in Kenya 8mks d You intent to carry out a field study in the area shown by the photograph i State two problems you are likely to encounter 2mks ii List any two follow-up activities you would carry out after the field study 2mks 7. A i A part from shaft mining list two other types of underground mining 2mks ii Give three by-products obtained when crude oil is refined 3mks b i Explain four ways in which the mining of soda ash contributes to the economy of Kenya 8mks ii Explain three negative effects of mining on the environment. 6mks c Explain how the following factors influence the occurrence of minerals i Evaporation 2mks ii Vulcanicity. 2mks iii Metamorphism 2mks 8. A i Define re-afforestation 2 marks ii State four reasons why afforestation should be encouraged in Kenya 4 marks iii Name three provinces in Canada where forestry in practiced on large scale. 3 marks b Explain three problems that hinder the Kenya government efforts to manage and conserve forest. 6 marks c Explain three factors that favour the growth of natural forest on the slopes of Mount Kenya 6 marks d Identify four factors that favour exploitation of forest in Canada. 4 marks 9. A i What is a polder? 1mk ii Name two methods used in land rehabilitation in Kenya.


4 marks 9. A i What is a polder? 1mk ii Name two methods used in land rehabilitation in Kenya. 2mks iii State three measures used to control tsetse flies in Lambwe Valley 3mks b i Name two Rivers which are sources of water to Mwea Irrigation Scheme. 2mks ii Name two subsistence crops grown in Mwea Irrigation scheme. 2mks iii Explain three human factors, which influenced the location of Mwea Irrigation Settlement. 6mks c i State three benefits of the Delta Plan Project. 3mks ii Outline three similarities of land reclamation in Kenya and the Netherlands. 6mks 10. A i Define eco-tourism 1mk ii Name two Game Reserves found in the Rift valley of Kenya 2mks iii Give the differences between National Parks and Game Reserves 4mks b i State three factors that hinder domestic tourism in Kenya 3mks ii Give two negative effects of tourism in Kenya 2mks c i Give two differences between tourist attractions in Kenya and those of Switzerland 2mks ii Give two reasons why domestic tourism is encouraged in Kenya 2mks iii Explain three physical factors favouring tourism in Switzerland 6mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 129 KASSU JET JOINT EXAMINATION 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 JUNE 2023 SECTION A Answer all the questions in this section. 1. A What is the relationship between Geography and Mathematics? 2 marks b Identify three branches of Geography. 3 marks 2. A Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow: i What type of Eclipse is represented by the diagram? 1 mark ii Explain how the eclipse above occurs. 2 marks b What is the time at Hola on 400E when the time at Tema on 00 longitude is 12:00 noon? 2 marks 3. A Apart from Fold Mountains, name three other features resulting from folding.


2 marks b What is the time at Hola on 400E when the time at Tema on 00 longitude is 12:00 noon? 2 marks 3. A Apart from Fold Mountains, name three other features resulting from folding. 3 marks b State two factors that determine the folding of crustal rocks. 2 marks 4. A Give three reasons why some Lakes of Kenya have saline water. 3 marks b Outline two economic uses of lakes. 2 marks 5. A What is natural vegetation? 2 marks b State three characteristics of the Mediterranean type of vegetation. 3 marks SECTION B 6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 Sheet 116 2 provided and answer the following questions. A i What is the vertical interval of the map extract? 1 mark ii Using the marginal information, give the magnetic variation of the area when the map extracts was drawn. 1 mark iii Measure the length of the regional boundary from the map edge at grid square 9999 to Northing 97. Give your answer in kilometres. 2 marks iv What is the approximate height of the seasonal swamp in the Kano plains? 2 marks b i Using a vertical scale of 1 centimetre to represent 50 metres draw a cross section from grid reference 080920 to grid reference 080980. 4 marks On it, mark and label the following: I. Sugarcane plantation 1 mark II. Steep slope 1 mark III. All weather road bound surface C543 1. 1 mark ii Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. 2 marks c Describe the characteristics of the big profile of river Luando 6 marks d Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors that favour trade in the area covered by the map. 4 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 130 7. A i What is a rock?


2 marks c Describe the characteristics of the big profile of river Luando 6 marks d Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors that favour trade in the area covered by the map. 4 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 130 7. A i What is a rock? 2 marks ii Describe the following characteristics of mineral: Tenacity 2 marks Lusture 2 marks Cleavage 2 marks b i Name two examples of intrusive igneous rocks. 2 marks ii Describe the formation of Plutonic rocks. 4 marks c Explain three significance of rocks to the economy of Kenya. 6 marks d Your class is planning to carry out a fieldwork on rocks around your school. I Outline three activities you would engage in before the study. 3 marks ii State two challenges you are likely to face during the field study. 2 marks 8. A Outline two ways in which river water flows within the channel. 2 marks b i State three factors that influence river erosion. 3 marks ii Describe how the river erodes through the following processes; Hydraulic action 4 marks Solution 2 marks c Using a well labeled diagram, describe how the following feature are formed: Interlocking spurs 4 marks Natural levees 4 marks d Explain three negative effects of rivers. 6 marks 9. A i Differentiate between Vulcanicity and volcanicity. 2 marks ii Describe how lava plateau is formed. 4 marks iii The diagram below shows some intrusive features formed by vulcanicity. Use it to answer questions below. I. Name the features marked E, F and G. 3 marks II. Explain how feature marked E is formed. 4 marks b Students carried out a field study on volcanic rocks. I Give four reasons why it is necessary to collect rock samples during such a field study. 4 marks ii State two problems they are likely to have experienced during the field study. 2 marks iii Outline two follow-up activities.


I Give four reasons why it is necessary to collect rock samples during such a field study. 4 marks ii State two problems they are likely to have experienced during the field study. 2 marks iii Outline two follow-up activities. 2 marks c i Give three causes of Earthquakes. 3 marks ii Name three natural major earthquake zones of the world. 3 marks 10. A i What is soil contena? 2 marks ii Give three factors that determine the colour of soil. 3 marks iii State three ways in which mulching helps in soil conservation. 3 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 131 b Explain how the following forming practices cases soil erosion. I Burning 4 marks ii Over cultivation 4 marks iii Give two economic uses of soil. 2 marks c You are supposed to carry out a field study of an eroded area: i State three methods you would use to control soil erosion. 3 marks ii What would be disadvantages of using secondary methods of collecting data in this kind of study? 2 marks iii Identify the methods you would use to record the observations. 2 marks KASSU-JET JOINT EXAMINATION 312 2 GEOGRAPHY Paper 2 JUNE 2023 SECTION A Answer all the questions in this section. 1 a What is Practical Geography? 2 marks b State three skills learned in Practical Geography. 3 marks 2. A Name two underground methods of mining. 2 marks b Give three ways in which derelict land can be rehabilitated. 3 marks 3. A Name two cereal crops grown in Mwea Tebere. 2 marks b State three ways in which salinity of the polders is reduced in the Netherlands. 3 marks 4. A Give two deep sea methods of fishing. 2 marks b State three problems experienced in the marketing of fish in Kenya. 3 marks 5. A Name two towns in Kenya where motor vehicle assembling plants are located. 2 marks b Give three characteristics of the cottage industry in India.


3 marks 5. A Name two towns in Kenya where motor vehicle assembling plants are located. 2 marks b Give three characteristics of the cottage industry in India. 3 marks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section. 6. The table below shows four principal crops produced in Kenya in 2000 and 2001. Use it to answer question a and b. a i Which crop had the highest change in production between 2000 and 2001? 2 marks ii Calculate the percentage increase in crop production in Kenya between 2000 and 2001. 2 marks b Using a scale of 1cm to represent 100,000 metric tonnes, draw a compound bar graph to represent the data on the table above. 7 marks c i What is dairy farming? 2 marks ii Name two exotic dairy breeds of cattle reared in Kenya. 2 marks Crop Amount in metric tons 2000 2001 Wheat 70,000 130,000 Maize 200,000 370,000 Coffee 98,000 55,000 Tea 240,000 295,000 TOTAL 608,000 850,000www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 132 iii Explain the problems facing dairy cattle farming in Kenya. 4 marks d i Explain why dairy farming is highly developed in Denmark than Kenya. 4 marks ii Give two significance of dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark. 2 marks 7. A i What is forestry? 2 marks ii State three significance of agro-forestry. 3 marks b i Name three indigenous hard wood tree species found in Kenyan forests. 3 marks ii Explain four problems facing natural forests in Kenya today. 8 marks c i Name two areas under large scale softwood forests in Canada. 2 marks ii Compare forestry in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings. Period of tree harvesting. 2 marks Tree harvesting 2 marks Transportation of logs. 2 marks 8. A i What is visible trade?


2 marks Tree harvesting 2 marks Transportation of logs. 2 marks 8. A i What is visible trade? 2 marks ii Suppose you were an international business man, list three industrial goods you would import from Japan. 3 marks b Explain four factors that influence internal trade in Kenya. 8 marks c Why do you think trade is important in Kenya? 4 marks d Explain two benefits which member states of ECOWAS derive from the formation of the trading bloc. 4 marks e Your class intends to carry out a field study on the Nairobi Internation Trade Fair. I State two methods you would use to collect data. 2 marks ii State two reasons why a pre-visit will be necessary. 2 marks 9. A Distinguish between population distribution and population density. 2 marks b The table below shows the population of a country in Western Europe in 1000. Use it to answer part i iii . Age group Male Female 0 4 450 455 5 9 447 449 10 14 448 450 15 19 454 458 20 24 480 472 25 29 630 632 30 34 635 639 35 39 642 671 40 44 670 638 45 49 636 568 50 54 562 641 54 - 59 633 639 60 64 631 634 65 69 451 452 70 74 470 468 75 79 460 459 80 451 453 i Using a scale of 1cm to 100,000 people, draw a population pyramid from the above data. 7 marks ii State five characteristics of the above population structure as shown by the pyramid. 5 marks iii Explain four problems likely to be experienced due to the population trend in the abovewww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 133 country. 4 marks c i What is mortality rate?


7 marks ii State five characteristics of the above population structure as shown by the pyramid. 5 marks iii Explain four problems likely to be experienced due to the population trend in the abovewww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 133 country. 4 marks c i What is mortality rate? 2 marks ii State five measures that have been taken in Kenya to reduce infant mortality. 5 marks 10. A Differentiate between environmental conservation and environmental management. 2 marks i State five ways in which the government of Kenya promotes environmental conservation. 5 marks ii Give four reasons why it is necessary to conserve the environment. 4 marks b i Apart from floods, name three other environmental climatic hazards. 3 marks ii Name three areas prone to flooding in Kenya. 3 marks iii Explain four measures that can be used to control floods in Kenya today. 8 marks KASSU JET JOINT EXAMINATION 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME SECTION A Answer all the questions in this section. 1. A What is the relationship between Geography and Mathematics? 2 marks Geographical concepts are applied in calculating direction bearing in mathematics. While in mathematical formulae and principles are used in Geography to calculate area, distance, eman, bearing, percentage, density, etc. B Identify three branches of Geography. 3 marks Human and economic geography Physical geography 2. A Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow: i What type of Eclipse is represented by the diagram? 1 mark Solar eclipse ii Explain how the eclipse above occurs. 2 marks b What is the time at Hola on 400E when the time at Tema on 00 longitude is 12:00 noon? 2 marks Difference in degrees 400 10 4 min 400 x 4 160 minutes 16060 2 hr 40 min 12:00 2:40 mins 14:40 hrs or 2:40 pm 3. A Apart from Fold Mountains, name three other features resulting from folding.


2 marks b What is the time at Hola on 400E when the time at Tema on 00 longitude is 12:00 noon? 2 marks Difference in degrees 400 10 4 min 400 x 4 160 minutes 16060 2 hr 40 min 12:00 2:40 mins 14:40 hrs or 2:40 pm 3. A Apart from Fold Mountains, name three other features resulting from folding. 3 marks Rolling plans Ridge and valley landscape Inter-montane plateaus Inter-montane basins Synclinal valleys depressions b State two factors that determine the folding of crustal rocks. 2 marks Strength of intensity of the compressional force Temperature within rocks The age of sedimentary rockswww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 134 4. A Give three reasons why some Lakes of Kenya have saline water. 3 marks High temperature in the locality of the lakes which leads to high evaporation rates resulting in the accumulation of salts in the lakes Some lakes are fed by underground streams or underground water containing large amount of dissolved salts. Some lakes have salty bed rocks which get dissolved water in the lakes Some rivers and run-off water draining into the lakes bring in large amounts of dissolved salts. B Outline two economic uses of lakes. 2 marks Fresh water lakes provide fresh water for domestic and industrial use Fresh water lakes provide irrigation water thus promoting agriculture Man-made lakes are used to generate HEP for domestic and industrial uses Some lakes provide a cheap means of transport thus promoting trade Some lakes have valuable minerals that are exploited for income and as industrial raw-materials Some lakes are sources of fish which promotes the fishing industry some lakes are sources of fish which promotes the fishing industry many lakes attract tourists for recreation thus bringing in foreign exchange 5. A What is natural vegetation? 2 marks Natural vegetation is the plant cover growing in an area without interference by man or animals. B State three characteristics of the Mediterranean type of vegetation.


A What is natural vegetation? 2 marks Natural vegetation is the plant cover growing in an area without interference by man or animals. B State three characteristics of the Mediterranean type of vegetation. 3 marks Waterlogged areas support swamp vegetation Most forests have thick forests Some plants are evergreen Most trees are of moderate height with few branches Dry areas have woody and scrub vegetation Some areas have shrubs, thickets and thorn bush SECTION B 6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 Sheet 116 2 provided and answer the following questions. A i What is the vertical interval of the map extract? 1 mark 20 meters ii Using the marginal information, give the magnetic variation of the area when the map extracts was drawn. 1 mark 2032 iii Measure the length of the regional boundary from the map edge at grid square 9999 to Northing 97. Give your answer in kilometres. 2 marks km 0.1 6.0 6.2 km iv What is the approximate height of the seasonal swamp in the Kano plains? 2 marks Above 1140m and below 1160 metres above the seasonal b i Using a vertical scale of 1 centimetre to represent 50 metres draw a cross section from grid reference 080920 to grid reference 080980. 4 marks On it, mark and label the following: I. Sugarcane plantation 1 mark II. Steep slope 1 mark III. All weather road bound surface C543 1. 1 mark www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 135 ii Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. 2 marks V.E. . . . .


1 mark www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 135 ii Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section. 2 marks V.E. . . . . . X 10 meters 2 x 1 2 marks c Describe the characteristics of the big profile of river Luando 6 marks The river has many meanders The river has many tributes that form a dentritic pattern The river is permanent The river has distributaries delta Some parts of the long profile have several swamps River Luando flows from the North Eastern direction The river flows on a wide valley. 6 x 1 6 marks d Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors that favour trade in the area covered by the map. 4 marks There is presence of many roads which enable easy movement of goods and services in the area. Presence of many market centres town which provide opportunities for trade to take place. Availability of track commodities due to presence of cotton ginnery flour mill sugarcane plantation which are necessary for trade. 2 x 2 4 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 136 7. A i What is a rock? 2 marks It is a combination of mineral particles cemented together to make the solid part of the earth s crust. Ii Describe the following characteristics of mineral: Tenacity 2 marks Tenacity is the ability of a mineral to withstand the tearing, crushing or breaking.


A i What is a rock? 2 marks It is a combination of mineral particles cemented together to make the solid part of the earth s crust. Ii Describe the following characteristics of mineral: Tenacity 2 marks Tenacity is the ability of a mineral to withstand the tearing, crushing or breaking. Lusture 2 marks Lustre is the ability of a mineral to reflect light. Cleavage 2 marks Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break into some given patterns. B i Name two examples of intrusive igneous rocks. 2 marks Granite Perioditite Diorite Syenite Gabbro ii Describe the formation of Plutonic rocks. 4 marks Earth movements form cracks in the earth s crust. Due to intense heat and pressure, magma in the earth s interior is forced to intrude the earth s crust. The intruding magma may get trapped in the earth s crust. The magma cools and solidify to form coarse grained rocks due to slow cooling. C Explain three significance of rocks to the economy of Kenya. 6 marks Some rocks weather to form deep soils which are used for agriculture thus generates income for many people. Some rocks weather to form unique features that create a beautiful sceneries that attract tourists thus generates income for the country when tourists visit to see them. Some rocks provide building and construction materials thus promoting the building industry. Soap stones are curved into artifacts which are sold to generate income. Rock salts are sources of food for people and animals which improves their diet. Some rocks are source of gemstones for ornamental value which are sold for income. Some rocks are used to make fertilizers which are important for agriculture. Some rocks reserve underground water which is exploited for domestic, agricultural and industrial use. Some sedimentary rocks reserve fossil fuels which are exploited to produce energy for domestic and industrial use. Some rocks have valuable mineral which are exploited and sold to generate income for the country. D Your class is planning to carry out a fieldwork on rocks around your school. I Outline two activities you would engage in before the study. 2 marks Seeking permission from the relevant authorities. Setting the objectives and hypotheses. Reading more about the topic of study. Holding discussions on the topic of study. Carrying out a pre-visit reconnaissance.


As the water retreats, pressure in the cracks is released suddenly. Repeated compression and widening of the cracks causes the rocks to break shatter. The retreating water carries away loose rock particles. The force of moving water and eddying currents sweep away the loose materials in the channels. Iii Solution 2 marks This is the corrosive effect of river water on the rocks over which the river flows. Soluble minerals in the river channel are dissolved by river water or presence of organic acids. The dissolved load is then carried downstream in solution form. C Using a well labeled diagram, describe how the following feature are formed: Interlocking spurs 4 marks Highlight projections into the river valley which appear as they fit each other. Formation A river flows swiftly in its youthful stage. When it meets a resistant rock, the river flows swiftly around it instead of cutting through, so it forms a winding course. The river erodes the outer banks of the winding channel than the inner banks because of strong water currents. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 138 This causes the bends to be more pronounced hence the formation of interlocking spurs. The outer bank are undercut becomes river cliff bluff while materials are deposited the inner bank forming gentle sloping banks called slip off slope. Natural levees 4 marks Raised river banks embankments which are made of alluvial materials. Formation During heavy rains, river floods and spills over its banks. Due to this, the speed of the water suddenly reduces. Coarser materials are deposited immediately near the river banks and fine materials are carried further on to the flood plain. Coarse materials also accumulate on the river bed. After the flood, the volume of water subsides and the river returns to the river channel, so deposited occur on the river bed. With time repeated deposition causes the river bed and the river banks to be raised. The raised river banks are then referred to as natural levees. D Explain three negative effects of rivers. 6 marks Rivers flood causing loss of life, displacement of people and destruction of property. River water can be a medium of spreading waterborne diseases such as bilharzia and malaria. Some rivers are wide and deep acting as barriers to transport and communication and also make it difficult an expensive.


6 marks Rivers flood causing loss of life, displacement of people and destruction of property. River water can be a medium of spreading waterborne diseases such as bilharzia and malaria. Some rivers are wide and deep acting as barriers to transport and communication and also make it difficult an expensive. Some rivers harbor dangerous wild animals which can kill human being e.g. crocodiles, hippos and snakes. 9. A i Differentiate between Vulcanicity and volcanicity. 2 marks Vulcanicity is the process through which liquid gaseous and solid materials are forced out of the earth s interior into the rocks of the crust or ejected to the surface. While volcanicity is the process where molten rock from the earth s interior called magma reaches from earth s surface to form extrusive volcanic features. Ii Describe how lava plateau is formed. 4 marks Earth movements form many fissures or vents in the rocks or he crust. Ultra-basic magma reaches the ground surface through the fissures or vents in a quiet eruption. The highly fluid hot lava flows and spreads out on the earth s surface to cover long distance and wide areas. The lava fills and cover valleys and depressions on the earth s surface. The lava cools and solidifies to cover an extensive fairly flat lowland area called a lava plain. Successive eruptions leads to accumulation of thick layers of lava forming a solid layers of lava of extensive and fairly flat upland are called a lava plateau. Iii The diagram below shows some intrusive features formed by vulcanicity. Use it to answer questions below. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 139 I. Name the features marked E, F and G. 3 marks E Dyke F Batholith G Laccolith II. Explain how feature marked E is formed. 4 marks Earth movements form a vertical or an inclined vent across the crustal rock layers. Magma is forced upwards through the vents magma cools and solidifies slowly inside the vent forming a wall-like mass of intrusive igneous rocks called a dyke. B Students carried out a field study on volcanic rocks.


4 marks Earth movements form a vertical or an inclined vent across the crustal rock layers. Magma is forced upwards through the vents magma cools and solidifies slowly inside the vent forming a wall-like mass of intrusive igneous rocks called a dyke. B Students carried out a field study on volcanic rocks. I Give four reasons why it is necessary to collect rock samples during such a field study. 4 marks There is no field laboratory where the rock samples can be analyzed There is no adequate time in the field To enable them build a collection of rock samples It would expose more students to their findings through display of their findings To create interest ii State two problems they are likely to have experienced during the field study. 2 marks Some students may be injured by the rocks Inability to collect the right samples Inaccessibility of some sample sites The heavy weight of the rock samples hence difficult to carry. Iii Outline two follow-up activities. 2 marks Discussing the findings in class in groups Writing reports in essay form Calculation of percentages, means, medians Laboratory testing of samples Presentation of data using methods such as graphs c i Give three causes of Earthquakes. 3 marks Movement of tectonic plates Gravitative pressure Movement of magma within the rocks Folding and faulting of rocks of the crust Isostatic adjustment Energy release from the mantle ii Name three natural major earthquake zones of the world. 3 marks Circum Pacific belt Mediterranean East Indies belt Mid-Atlantic ocean belt Great Rift valley belt 10. A i What is soil catena? 2 marks Soil catena is the sequence of difficult soils from the same parent rock on a slope. Ii Give three factors that determine the colour of soil. 3 marks The type of parent rock The amount of organic matter humus The chemical composition minerals The amount of water in the soil iii State three ways in which mulching helps in soil conservation. 3 marks Plant materials used decompose increasing soil humus It protects the soil against wind erosion It protects the helps to increase infiltration rate of water in the soil. It helps reduce water loss from the soil retain soil moisture.


3 marks The type of parent rock The amount of organic matter humus The chemical composition minerals The amount of water in the soil iii State three ways in which mulching helps in soil conservation. 3 marks Plant materials used decompose increasing soil humus It protects the soil against wind erosion It protects the helps to increase infiltration rate of water in the soil. It helps reduce water loss from the soil retain soil moisture. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 140 b Explain how the following forming practices cases soil erosion. I Burning 4 marks Burning destroys micro-organisms which are essential for the formation of humus which binds soil particles together Burning destroys vegetable matter that protects the soil against erosion Burning destroys the nitrogen fixing bacteria making the soil less fertile and therefore few plants and less protection of the soil. Burning loosens the soil making it susceptible to erosion. Ii Over cultivation 4 marks Over cultivation leads to exhaustion of certain minerals from the soil making it infertile and bore leading to its erosion. Over cultivation leads to loosening of soils particles there by encouraging soil erosion. Iii Give two economic uses of soil. 2 marks It is used as row material in industry pottery glass making brick making Soils supports agriculture Some soils contain valuable minerals Some soils have medicinal value food It is used in building and construction c You are supposed to carry out a field study of an eroded area: i State three methods you would use to control soil erosion. 3 marks Construction of gabions Afforestation reaforestation Construction of drainage trenches Construction of check dams Filling in the gullies ii What would be disadvantages of using secondary methods of collecting data in this kind of study? 2 marks Recorded data could be out of date Conditions under which such data was collected may be changed Obtaining records on the particular soil area may be difficult. Iii Identify the methods you would use to record the observations.


3 marks Construction of gabions Afforestation reaforestation Construction of drainage trenches Construction of check dams Filling in the gullies ii What would be disadvantages of using secondary methods of collecting data in this kind of study? 2 marks Recorded data could be out of date Conditions under which such data was collected may be changed Obtaining records on the particular soil area may be difficult. Iii Identify the methods you would use to record the observations. 2 marks Photographing Motor taking Video recording Field sketchingwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 141 KASSU-JET JOINT EXAMINATION 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 MARKING SCHEME JUNE 2023 SECTION A Answer all the questions in this section. 1 a What is practical geography? 2 marks Practical geography is the study of practical skills which enhances interpretation and understanding of geographical phenomena. B State three practical skills learned in practical Geography. 3 marks Map reading Photograph interpretation Data analysis Methods of data connection Methods of data recording Methods of data presentation. Time management 2. A Name two methods of underground mining. 2 marks Shaft method Drilling method Solution method Adit method b Give three ways in which derelict land can be reclaimed. 3 marks Planting trees Creating a park to attract tourist Introducing agriculture Landscaping for settlement farming Refilling the holes 3. A Name two cereals grown in Mwea Tebere. 2 marks Rice Maize popcorns Green grams Beans b State three ways in which salinity of the folders is reduced in the Netherlands. 3 marks Chemicals are applied to lower salts in the soils. Fresh water is flashed to the soils to remove excess salts. Reeds are planted to use up the excess salt. Continuous pumping of water from the polders. 4. A Give two methods used in deep sea fishing. 2 marks Trawling Drifting Line fishing b State three problems experienced in the marketing of fish in Kenya. 3 marks Some fishing areas are far from the markets and roads are in poor condition thus fish goes bad enroute.


A Give two methods used in deep sea fishing. 2 marks Trawling Drifting Line fishing b State three problems experienced in the marketing of fish in Kenya. 3 marks Some fishing areas are far from the markets and roads are in poor condition thus fish goes bad enroute. Fishermen lack appropriate storage and preservation facilities. There are limited local markets due to cultural beliefs. The external markets are limited by tight restrictions competition from other producers. The limited number of fish species limits the market. 5. A Name two towns in Kenya where motor vehicle assembling plants are located. 2 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 142 Nairobi Mombasa Thika b Give three characteristics of the cottage industry in India. 3 marks They rely on simple machines They are labor intensive They are owned by families They use locally available materials. They produce . For local markets They are widespread in the country. SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section. 6. The table below shows four principal crops produced in Kenya in 2000 and 2001. Use it to answer question a and b. a i Which crop had the highest change in production between 2000 and 2001? 2 marks ii Calculate the percentage increase in crop production in Kenya between 2000 and 2001. 2 marks b Using a scale of 1cm to represent 100,000 metric tons, draw compound bar graphs to represent data on the table above. 7 marks c i What is dairy farming? 2 marks This is the practice of keeping cattle for milk the rearing of cattle for the purpose of milk production. Ii Name two exotic dairy breeds of cattle reared in Kenya. 2 marks Fresian Holstein Ayshire Guernsey Jersey Alderney Swiss brown iii Explain the problems facing dairy cattle farming in Kenya. 4 marks Stiff competition from imported milk and milk products makes the industry unstable. Poor management of dairy co-operatives result to misappropriation for funds hence delayed payment to farmers. Inadequate capital to buy the necessary farm inputs hence minimizing mechanization of the farming makes it difficult to plan ahead.


4 marks Stiff competition from imported milk and milk products makes the industry unstable. Poor management of dairy co-operatives result to misappropriation for funds hence delayed payment to farmers. Inadequate capital to buy the necessary farm inputs hence minimizing mechanization of the farming makes it difficult to plan ahead. Prolonged drought unreliable rainfall leads to shortage of pasture leading to poor quality breeds. Outbreak of diseases weaken and even kill the cattle which is a loss to farmers. Expensive farm inputs leads to reduced quality hence reducing profit margin. Inadequate feeds water during the dry seasons leads to undernourishment of cattle and thus low yields. Crop Amount in metric tons 2000 2001 Wheat 70,000 130,000 Maize 200,000 370,000 Coffee 98,000 55,000 Tea 240,000 295,000 TOTAL 608,000 850,000www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 143 Stiff competition from alternative land uses e.g. horticulture, tea and coffee lowers the quantity of milk products. Low prices make farmers unable to plan ahead. Poor storage facilities cooling centres cause the milk to go bad leading to heavy losses to farmers. Exploitation by middlemen leads to low prices. Poor feeder roads in the production areas makes the milk perish before reaching the markets creating loss to farmers. D i Explain why dairy farming is highly developed in Denmark than Kenya. 4 marks Denmark s dairy farming is highly mechanized since capital is available that leads to high production while in Kenya, there is limited mechanization due to inadequate capital Dairy farming in Denmark is highly specialized while in Kenya most farmers practice mixed farming. Dairy farming in Denmark is least affected by climatic variations. In Denmark artificial Insemination AI or extension services are widely used unlike in Kenya artificial insemination or extension services are limited to few farms. Research is widely extensive while research in Kenya is limited. In Denmark co-operative movement is highly developed while in Kenya dairy co-operative movement is less developed. Ii Give two significance of dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark. 4 marks Export of some milk and milk products earns the country foreign exchange. Milk is a raw material for milk processing industries hence promote industrialization.


Ii Give two significance of dairy farming in Kenya and Denmark. 4 marks Export of some milk and milk products earns the country foreign exchange. Milk is a raw material for milk processing industries hence promote industrialization. Many people are employed in dairy farms in may parts of the country. Commercial dairy farming is a source of income to the farmers. Dairy farming has contributed to the development of roads in areas where it is practiced. Milk and milk products are a source of nutrious nutritious food especially in vitamins and proteins. The government collects revenue through taxation on sale of dairy products. 7. A i What is forestry? 2 marks It is the science of planting and managing and exploitation of forest resources. Ii State three significance of agro-forestry. 3 marks It maximizes land use as both crops and trees are a source of income. It provides raw materials for the industries It promotes high water retention on the land The trees supply wood fuel needs. The leaf litter decomposes thus adding humus to the soil. Livestock waste is used as manure. Some trees provide fodder for the animals. Some trees have medicinal value. Trees provide aesthetic beauty. It helps to conserve soil by minimizing soil erosion. Trees act as wind breakers to the young crops. Trees creates a micro-climate b i Name three indigenous hard wood tree species in Kenyan forests. 3 marks Meru oak Camphor Elgon teak Mangrove Mvuli East Africa Olivewww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 144 ii Explain four problems facing natural forests in Kenya today. 8 marks Increased human population leading to illegal encroachment for settlement and agriculture thus destroying large forested areas. Increased population of wildlife animals that debark or uproot trees thus destroying large forested areas. Eg. Elephants. Forest fires destroy large areas of forests which take long time to recover. Prolonged drought that dry and degenerate forest trees which take long time to recover. Plant diseases and pests which attack trees e.g. the white aphid which attack and destroy some valuable planted trees species reducing land under forest. Over exploitation of some tree species which take long to mature.


Plant diseases and pests which attack trees e.g. the white aphid which attack and destroy some valuable planted trees species reducing land under forest. Over exploitation of some tree species which take long to mature. Government policy of de-gazetting some forests has led to clearing of many forested areas. Illegal logging thereby reducing the indigenous tree species. C i Name two areas under large scale softwood forests in Canada. 2 marks New found land Nova scotia British Columbia New Brunswick Prince Edward Island ii Compare forestry in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings. Period of tree harvesting. 2 marks In Canada logging is done in winter and early spring while in Kenya cutting is done throughout the year Tree harvesting 2 marks In Canada, it is done through clear cutting while in Kenya it is done through selective cutting Transportation of logs. 2 marks In Canada logs are transported using melt water in rivers while in Kenya transportation is by roads. In Kenya transportation is expensive while in Canada it is cheaper. 8. A i What is visible trade? 2 marks Visible trade involves exchange of goods between countries Visible trade involves import and export of goods ii Suppose you were an international business man, list three industrial goods you would import from Japan. 3 marks Automobiles Motor vehicles parts Textiles Machinery electronic appliances radios TVs Watches precision instruments b Explain four factors that influence internal trade in Kenya. 8 marks The demand for a variety of domestically produced goods, leads to expansion of trade. The cultural differences lead to distinctive specialization in production of goods for exchange. The production of similar goods products by different regions limits the market potential. Different goods enhance trade among different regions. The low purchasing power by a majority of Kenyans limits the market for goods produced. The level of development of transport network limit enhances trade as certain commodities may not may be carried over long distances the market potential is restricted expanded. Security encourages expansion of trade. NB: Explanation alone cannot score but factor alone can score. C Why do you think trade is important in Kenya? 4 marks Trade generates revenue through taxation of the goods and services. Trade creates employment opportunities in the industries that are established creates self employment.


C Why do you think trade is important in Kenya? 4 marks Trade generates revenue through taxation of the goods and services. Trade creates employment opportunities in the industries that are established creates self employment. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 145 The demand for goods stimulates industrial growth agric growth. The exports of goods enable the country to earn foreign exchange. The need to reach far off markets leads to expansion of transport facilities. Trade stimulates specialization in the production of goods. Trade enhances cooperation between Kenya and the trading partners. D Explain two benefits which member states of ECOWAS derive from the formation of the trading bloc. 4 marks The volume of trade has been boosted as a result of an expanded market in the region. More transport facilities have been constructed to link the member states of the Cooperation. The removal of trade barriers has extended the market for the finished products secured the market for the member states. The transfer of technology capital within the trading area has been enhanced. Cooperation in other fields such as education health and communication has been enhanced. The reduction in hostilities between member countries has enhances peace resulting in rapid economic development. E Your class intends to carry out a field study on the Nairobi Internation Trade Fair. I State two methods you would use to collect data. 2 marks Administering questionnaires Interviewing respondents Sampling ii State two reasons why a pre-visit will be necessary. 2 marks To seek permission from relevant authorities to get relevant documents from officials. To determine the appropriate route to be used. To identify the appropriate methods of data collection. To estimate the cost the study 9. C i What is mortality rate? 2 marks Mortality rate is the total number of deaths in a population of a given sex and or age. Ii State five measures that have been taken in Kenya to reduce infant mortality. 5 marks Free drugs for infants Adequate pre-natal and emotional support Improvement in use of skilled care to the new born Medical covers that cater for safe child delivery 10.


2 marks Mortality rate is the total number of deaths in a population of a given sex and or age. Ii State five measures that have been taken in Kenya to reduce infant mortality. 5 marks Free drugs for infants Adequate pre-natal and emotional support Improvement in use of skilled care to the new born Medical covers that cater for safe child delivery 10. A Differentiate between environmental conservation and environmental management. 2 marks Environmental Management refers to the effective planning and controls used for sustainable exploitation and improvement of the environment while Environmental Conservation refers to the preservation and protection of natural environment from destruction by careful use and improvement of the environment. I State five ways in which the government of Kenya promotes environmental conservation. 5 marks Creating public awareness and education on the importance of a clean environment. The government has passed legislations to enforce proper use of the environment Recycling factories and centres have been set-up to recycle garbage and waste. Government is a signatory to Kyoto protocol on global warming and it is in the forefront in criticizing those countries that are less supportive to the process of combating global warming. Non-governmental organizations such as greenbelt have been given the mandate to protect the environment by planting trees. The government have formed the national environmental management authority NEMA which is a body charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the environment is properly conserved and managed. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 146 ii Give four reasons why it is necessary to conserve the environment. 4 marks It helps to maintain soil fertility for sustainable food production. It helps to preserve genetic resources for future generation. It helps to preserve aesthetic value and provide recreational facilities which promotes tourism. It helps to sustain raw materials for some manufacturing industries that produce goods for trade. It helps reduce the pollution that cause diseases to animals and plants to ensure good health. It helps to maintain natural habitats for both plants and wild animals. It helps in protecting the water catchment areas and sustain the hydrological cycle. It helps to prevent desertification which destroys environmental resources. It helps to ensure proper utilization of available natural resources without destruction. It helps to sustain human life with required resources and by preventing pollution. B i Apart from floods, name three other environmental climatic hazards.


It helps to ensure proper utilization of available natural resources without destruction. It helps to sustain human life with required resources and by preventing pollution. B i Apart from floods, name three other environmental climatic hazards. 3 marks Floods Desertification Landslides Hailstorms Heat waves Lightning and thunderstorms Dust storms and windstorms ii Name three areas prone to flooding in Kenya. 3 marks River Nyando River Nzoia River Yala River Tana River Nyamasaria River Ewasonyiro iii Explain four measures that can be used to control floods in Kenya today. 8 marks Construction of check dams across the rivers to hold the excess water in order to reduce river volume. Construction of artificial levees dykes long the river banks to increase their height and prevent water from overflowing into the flood plain. Construction of drainage channels to make them hold excess water from the land. Dredging and widening the river channels to make them hold excess water. Planting trees in the catchment areas to increase water infiltration and reduce surface run off. Redirecting some river tributaries to other rivers to reduce the water volume of the main river. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 147 MECS MOCK 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 JULY AUGUST 2023 SECTION A: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. 25 MARKS 1 a Give two types of environments. 2marks b State three major branches of practical geography. 3marks 2. A Differentiate between weather and climate. 2marks b Give three benefits of humidity in the atmosphere. 3marks 3. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow. I Identify the process labeled 3 and 6. 2marks ii State the force that is responsible for process 5. 1mark iii Highlight two factors that influence process 4. 2marks 4. A Give two causes of river rejuvenation. 2marks b Identify three features that result from river rejuvenation. 3marks 5. The diagram below shows some features of wind deposition.


2marks b Identify three features that result from river rejuvenation. 3marks 5. The diagram below shows some features of wind deposition. Study it to answer questions that follows a Identify part marked K, L and M 3marks b State two factors that influence deposition of materials by wind in deserts. 2marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 148 SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section. 6. Study the map of KISUMU EAST 1: 50000 SHEET 116 2 provided to answer the following questions. A I Apart from the type of map you are using state any other two types of maps. 2marks II Identify two vegetation in the area covered by the map 2marks II Name two methods used to represent relief in the area covered by the map. 2marks b I In what hemisphere does Kisumu East lie? 1mark II Measure the distance of the section of railway line west of Easting 00 to Kisumu station, give your answer in kilometers. 2marks III Identify two forms of land transport in Kisumu east. 2marks c I Describe relief of the area covered by the map. 3marks II Describe the distribution of settlement in the area covered by the map 4marks d Using a vertical scale of 1cm represent 20m draw a cross section along northing 98 from Easting 96 to Easting 02. 4marks On it mark and label the following. 3marks River Nyangori Dry weather road Steep slope. 7 a Define the karst scenery. 2mark I Explain three factors that influence the formation of features in limestone area. 6marks II Give three reasons why there are few settlements in the karst landscape. 3marks b Describe how the following features are formed. I Grikes and Clints. 4marks II Swallow holes. 4marks c You are supposed to carry out a field study of an area eroded by underground water. I Give three reasons why you would need a working schedule. 3marks II Name two erosional features you are likely to identify during the study.


4marks c You are supposed to carry out a field study of an area eroded by underground water. I Give three reasons why you would need a working schedule. 3marks II Name two erosional features you are likely to identify during the study. 2marks II State three recommendations that you could make from your study to assist the local community to rehabilitate the eroded area. 3marks 8 a I Define the term earthquakes. 1mark II State three types of earthquakes depending on the depth of focus. 3marks III Differentiate between the intensity and magnitude of an earthquake. 2marks b I Highlight three causes of vulcanicity. 3marks II State two types of magma. 2marrks III State three factors that influence the shape and type of volcanic features formed. 3marks c Describe how hot springs are formed. 5marks d Explain three ways in which volcanic features positively influence human activities. 6marks 9. A Different between derived and cultivated vegetation. 2marks b Explain how the following factors influence vegetation distribution in Kenya. I Living organism. 2marks ii Precipitation. 2marks c The map below shows the globe distribution of vegetation. Study and use it to answer the questions that follow. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 149 I Identify the vegetation labelled, W and Y 2marks II Describe the adaptive characteristics of the vegetation labelled E on the map. 6marks d Your class is planning to undertake a field study on vegetation in Mt. Kenya Forest , I State four preparations you would carry out. 4marks II Give three sampling techniques you would use. 3marks III Identify four problems you are likely to encounter during the actual field study. 4marks 10. A I what is continental shelf? 2marks ii State two characteristics of the continental shelf. 2marks B I State two types of islands. 2marks ii Give three sources of ocean salts. 3marks iii Give two reasons why water salinity is lower in areas around the equator seas than further away in the tropics.


2marks B I State two types of islands. 2marks ii Give three sources of ocean salts. 3marks iii Give two reasons why water salinity is lower in areas around the equator seas than further away in the tropics. 2marks C i Give two types of tides. 2marks ii Using a well labelled diagram, describe how a wave break. 4marks D. Use the diagram below to answer questions that follow. I identify the parts labeled. A, B and C. 3marks E Your class carried out a field study on the coastal landforms I State two features of lowland submerged coasts that you identified. 2marks II Give three reasons why you needed a route map. 3marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 150 MECS MOCK 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 JULY AUGUST 2023 SECTION A: Answer all questions in this section.25MKS 1. A State two formations in which mineral ores occurs. 2mks b Give three reasons why coal resource in the Mui basin Kitui County has not been commercially exploited. 3mks 2. A What is mixed farming? 2mks b Give three advantages of mixed farming. 3mks 3. A What is energy crisis. 2marks b Identify three causes of energy crisis. 3marks 4. A Name two forest reserves in Kenya. 2marks b State three characteristics of Equatorial rainforests. 3marks 5. A State three human factors favoring tourism in Switzerland. 3marks b Define eco-tourism. 2marks SECTION B 75MARKS Answer question SIX and any other TWO questions 6. The table below shows the various modes of transport used by tourists visiting Kenya between the years 2006 and 2009. Use it to answer the following questions. Mode of transport No. Of tourists.


Use it to answer the following questions. Mode of transport No. Of tourists. Road 2006 2007 2008 2009 100,000 50,000 150,000 200,000 Air 600,000 650,000 700,000 800,000 Water 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 a i state two reasons why tourists preferred air transport over the other modes of transport over the period. 2marks ii Calculate the percentage increase in the number of tourists between the year 2008 and 2009. 3marks iii Using a scale of 1cm to represent 100 000 tourists, draw a compound bar graph to represent the number of tourists who visited Kenya using the different mode of transport. 9marks b i Explain three roles played by transport in the economy of Kenya. 6marks ii Name one high way created in Africa to ease transport across the continent. 1mark c Form four students from Kibutha high school visited Kisumu airport for a field study. I Identify two methods they used to record their data. 2marks ii Give two follow up activities they engaged in. 2marks 7. A i What is land reclamation. 1mark ii State five benefits which Kenya derives from irrigation farming? 5marks b Explain three factors that led to the successful establishment of Perkerra irrigation scheme. 6marks c Give four problems facing the perkerra irrigation scheme. 4marks d Name three crops grown under irrigation in perkerra. 3marks e Explain three reasons why horticulture is more developed in the Netherlands than Kenya. 6marks 8. A i What is industrialization? 2 marks ii State three reasons why some industries consider regular supply of water as the main reasonwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 151 for their location. 3 marks b Outline four similarities between Jua Kali industry in Kenya and cottage industry in India. 4mks c Explain three factors that have influenced the location of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany in the 19th century.


2 marks ii State three reasons why some industries consider regular supply of water as the main reasonwww.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 151 for their location. 3 marks b Outline four similarities between Jua Kali industry in Kenya and cottage industry in India. 4mks c Explain three factors that have influenced the location of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany in the 19th century. 6 marks d You intend to carry out a field study of a heavy manufacturing industry; i State three effects of the industry on the environment you are likely to observe 3 marks ii Design a working schedule you would use during the day of study 4 marks iii State three reasons why it is important to prepare a working schedule for the study. 3 marks 9. A i What is unfavorable balance of trade. 2marks ii Outline five measures a country can adopt to reduce unfavorable balance of trade. 5marks b . Explain five benefits that Kenya derives from participating in international trade. 10marks c i State three non-agricultural exports from Kenya. 3marks ii State five problems facing developing countries in international trade. 5marks 10. A i What is an environmental hazard? 1mark ii Apart from floods list three other environmental hazard. 3marks b Explain four ways in which air pollution affects the environment. 8marks c Explain four incidents that may lead to noise pollution in urban areas. 8marks d Students from Kangema carried out a field study on floods at Kano plains. I State two objectives for their study. 2marks ii State three ways in which residents of Kano plains are affected by floods that students observed. 3marks M.E.C.S CLUSTER EXAMINATION GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 JULY AUGUST 2023 MARKING SCHEME 312 1, 2023. SECTION A: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. 25 MARKS 1. A Give two types of environment. . 2marks Physical environment. Human environment. B State three major branches of practical geography. 3marks Statistical methods Maps and map work Field work Photography interpretation 2.


1 mark b State three climatic conditions experienced in hot deserts. 3 marks SECTION B: 75 MARKS 6. Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 sheet 116 2 provided and answer the following questions a i Convert the scale of the map into a statement scale. 1 mark ii Give two methods used to show relief in the area. 2 marks iii Give the direction of the air photo principal point in square 0294 from Chiga market at grid square 0589 1 mark b i Name two physical features shown on grid square 0497. 2 marks ii Identify the characteristics of river Ombeyi 4 marks c i Using a vertical scale of 1cm to represent 50m, draw a cross section along Northing 98 from grid reference 950980 to grid reference 010980. 5 marks on it mark and label the following a Boundary 1 mark b Slope 1 mark c River 1 mark d Dry weather road 1 mark ii Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross section 2 marks d Give four social functions of Kisumu Municipality 4 marks 7. A i Apart from metamorphic rocks name two other categories of rocks. 3 marks ii Describe the following processes of formation of metamorphic rocks. A Dynamic metamorphism 4 marks b Thermal metamorphism. 4 marks b Explain three ways in which rocks are significance to human activities in Kenya 6 marks c You intend to carry out a field study on the types of rocks within the school locality. I Identify three items that you will carry during the study 3 marks ii State three activities that you will be involved in during the study 3 marks 8.


A Dynamic metamorphism 4 marks b Thermal metamorphism. 4 marks b Explain three ways in which rocks are significance to human activities in Kenya 6 marks c You intend to carry out a field study on the types of rocks within the school locality. I Identify three items that you will carry during the study 3 marks ii State three activities that you will be involved in during the study 3 marks 8. A Define the term vegetation 2 marks b i Explain how the following influences the distribution of vegetation soil 4 marks Relief 4 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 168 ii State five uses of vegetation 5 marks c Describe the characteristics of Savanna vegetation 5 marks d Name the grassland found in the following regions 4 marks REGION GRASS LAND i Canada ii Argentina iii South Africa iv Australia 9. A i Differentiate between ocean and sea 2 marks ii Explain three causes of variation in the amount of salt in ocean water 6 marks b i Identify three processes involved in wave erosion 3 marks ii With an aid of a well labeled diagram, describe the process through which a wave cut platform is formed. 8 marks c Explain the significance of oceans to human activities 6 marks 10. A i Define folding 2 marks ii Name four types of folds 4 marks iii State three factors that determine the folding of crustal rocks. 3 marks b i Name the young fold mountains found in the following continents Africa 1 mark Europe 1 mark Asia 1 mark North America 1 mark ii Describe the formation of Fold Mountains according to convectional current theory. 4 marks c Explain four effects of folding on physical environment 8 marks IGAMBANG OMBE JOINT EVALUATION TEST 2023 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 1. A Define the term environment 2 marks b Give three effects of water pollution on the environment. 3 marks 2.


4 marks c Explain four effects of folding on physical environment 8 marks IGAMBANG OMBE JOINT EVALUATION TEST 2023 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 1. A Define the term environment 2 marks b Give three effects of water pollution on the environment. 3 marks 2. A Name two exotic species of trees planted in Kenya 2 marks b State three reasons why it is necessary to carry out afforestation programme in Kenya 3 marks 3. A State three measures which the government of kenya has taken to reduce infant mortality 3 marks b Give three reasons why it is necessary for the government of Kenya to carry out national census. 3 marks 4. A Name two imports from Europe to Kenya 2 marks b Give three factors that limit trade among member states of the COMESA 3 marks 5. State four ways in which Kenya has benefited from the motor vehicle assembly industry 4 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 169 SECTION B 6. Use the table below to answer the following questions. Value of export earning of selected crops form Kenya Ksh Million CROP 2012 2013 2014 Tea 101441 104648 93996 Coffee 22271 16328 19913 Sisal 1184 1020 1325 Total 124896 121996 115234 a i Using a scale of 1cm to present 50,000 million, draw proportional circles to represent the total export earnings between 2012 and 201. Use the diameter method. 10 marks ii Calculate the percentage decline in export volume between 2012 and 2014. 2 marks b State four disadvantages of using proportional circles to represent the export values. 4 marks c Explain three physical conditions that favor coffee growing in Central highlands of Kenya 6 marks d State three problems facing coffee farming in Brazil 3 marks 7. A Explain each of the following methods of land rehabilitation i Mulching 4 marks ii Bunds and gabions 6 marks b Explain four physical factors which influenced the location of Mwea irrigation scheme.


2 marks b State four disadvantages of using proportional circles to represent the export values. 4 marks c Explain three physical conditions that favor coffee growing in Central highlands of Kenya 6 marks d State three problems facing coffee farming in Brazil 3 marks 7. A Explain each of the following methods of land rehabilitation i Mulching 4 marks ii Bunds and gabions 6 marks b Explain four physical factors which influenced the location of Mwea irrigation scheme. 8 marks c State how the government policy influenced the establishment of Mwea-Tebere irrigation scheme 3 marks d You intent to carry out a field study on irrigation farming in Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme. I Identify the two hypothesis you would develop for the study. 2marks ii State two reasons why you need to sample the area of study 2 marks 8. The map below shows the location of some urban centres in East Africa. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 170 a i Name the towns marked P,Q and R 3 marks ii Name the minerals that influenced the growth of the town marked X and Y 2 marks b Explain four factors that have led to the growth of Eldoret as major town in Kenya 8 marks c Compare the ports of Mombasa and Rotterdam under the following sub-heading i Site 2 marks ii Transport links to the interior 2 marks iii The hinterland 2 marks Iv Port facilities 2 marks d Explain two ways in which urbanization negatively effects the surrounding agricultural areas. 4 marks 9. A i Define mining 2 marks ii State three ways in which minerals occur 3 marks b i Explain how the following factors influence the occurrence of minerals Evaporation 2 marks Vulcanicity 2 marks Metamorphism 2 marks ii Explain shaft mining method. 4 marks c Explain the effects of mining to the environment 6 marks d Give four problems facing shaft mining 4 marks 10. A i Apart from uranium, give two other non-renewable sources of energy. 2 marks ii State two advantages of using uranium as a source of energy.


3mks e Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. 5mks f Draw a rectangle 12cm by 10cm to represent the area enclosed by Easting 03 and 09 and Northing 80 and 85. On the rectangle, mark and name the following features. 5mks i Trigonometrical station 1154. Ii All weather road B 25 3 iii Seasonal swamp. Iv Ombeyi river. G. Citing evidence from the map, explain three social factions of Ksumu town. 6mks 7. A i What is folding? 2mks ii State three factors that influence folding. 3mks b i Apart from over thrust fold, name four other types of folds. 4mks ii With the aid of well labelled diagrams, describe the formation of an over thrust fold. 8mks c Explain four significance of fold maintains to human activities. 8mks 8. The map below shows some vegetation regions of the world. Use it to answer questions a to c a. Name the temperate grass lands marked H ,J and K. 3mks b. Describe the characteristics of the natural vegetation found in the shaded area marked N. 5mks c. Explain four ways in which the vegetation found in the area marked M adapts to the environment conditions of the region. 8mks d. You are required to carry out a field study of the vegetation which the local environment. I Apart from identifying the different types of plants, state four other activities you will carry out during the field study. 4mks ii. How will you identify the different types of plants. 2mks iii. Give three reasons for visiting the area before study. 3mks www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 185 9. A i Differentiate between a waterfall and a gorge. 2mks ii. State two factors that influence the rate of erosion by a river in its upper course. 2mks b. i Describe the processes by which a river transport its load. 6mks ii Name three river depositional features.


2mks ii. State two factors that influence the rate of erosion by a river in its upper course. 2mks b. i Describe the processes by which a river transport its load. 6mks ii Name three river depositional features. 3mks c. Describe each of the following drainage pattern using diagrams. I Centripetal. 2mks ii Radial. 2mks iii Fault-guided. 2mks d Your class is planning to carry out a field study of a river in its mature stage i. Give three methods you would use to record the information collected. 3mks ii. State three characteristics of a river at the mature stage that you are likely to observe during the study. 3mks 10 a. i State three conditions necessary for the development of Karst scenery. 3mks ii. Give three sources of underground water. 3mks b i Differentiate between Artesian basin and Artesian well 2mks ii. A part from stalagmites, name three other underground features formed in limestone areas. 3mks iii With the aid of a diagram, describe how a stalagmite is formed. 8mks c. Explain three positive significance of resultant features in Karst scenery. 6mks CEKENAS END OF TERM ONE EXAM-2023 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 CONFIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS Provide students with KISUMU EAST 1:50,000 116 2 CEKENAS END OF TERM ONE EXAM-2023 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 SECTION A : 25 MARKS. COMPULSERY SECTION 1. A Name two minerals mined in South Africa. 2mks b Give three problems facing mining industries in South Africa. 3mks 2. A What is mixed farming. 2mks b State three physical conditions that favour coffee growing in Kenya Highlands. 3mks 3. A Name two Rivers that supply water to Mwea irrigation scheme. 2mks b State how the government policy influenced the establishment of Mwea irrigation scheme. 3mks 4. A Define the term fishing .


2mks b State how the government policy influenced the establishment of Mwea irrigation scheme. 3mks 4. A Define the term fishing . 2mks b List three countries in the North Eastern Atlantic that are important for marine fishing. 3mks 5. A Apart from oil name two other non renewable sources of Energy. 2mks b The Sketch map below shows hydro- electric power H.E.P Stations along River Tana. Use it to answer questions that follow. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 186 i Name the H.E.P Stations marked S and T. 2mks ii The proposed H. E.P Stations marked U. 1mk SECTION B: 75 MARKS Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section. 6. Study the photograph below and answer questions a www.freekcsepastpapers.com GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 187 a. i Identify the type of the photograph shown. 1mk ii Using evidence from the photograph identify two indicators which show that the area receives high rainfall. 2mks iii Draw a rectangle measuring 15cm by 10cm to represent the area covered by the photograph. On the rectangle, sketch and label four main features shown on the photograph. 5mks b. i State three reasons why zero grazing is more popular among dairy farmers in the Kenya Highlands 3mks ii Name three exotic dairy cattle reared in Kenya. 3mks c Explain four ways in which dairy farming in Kenya is different from dairy farming in Denmark. 8mks d State three challenges faced by dairy farmers in Kenya. 3mks 7. A i State three methods used in mining. 3mks ii Name the minerals found in the following areas 3mks a. Magadi b. Mwadui c. Kasese b. Explain how the following factors influence mining of minerals. I Technology. 2mks ii Quality of the ore 2mks iii Accessibility. 2mks c Describe how deep shaft mining method is used in extraction of minerals. 8mks d State two leading oil producing countries in the middle East.