SECTION A 25 marks Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided. Figure 1 shows three point sources of light with an opaque object placed between them andthe sereen,Opaquebigs aL 8Luishe SereencFigure t DExplain the nature of the shadow formed along B and C. 2 marks A leaf electroscope A is charged and placed on the bench, Another uncharged leatclectroscope B is placed on the same bench and moved close to A until the caps touch,State and explain what is observed on the leaves of A and B. 2 marks You are provided with the following: A cell and a cell holder, a switch, a cheostat, an ammeter, a voltmeter and connecting wires. Draw a diagram for a circuit that could be used to investigate the variation of the potentialdifference across the cell with the current drawn from the cell. 1 mark An unmagnetized steel rod is clamped facing North-South direction and then hammeredrepeatedly for some time, When tested, itis Found to be magnetized. Explain this observation. 2 marks 5 The diagram in figure 2 shows an object placed in front of a converging lens. F and F are the principal foci for the lens. The object is now moved slong the principal axis until a virtual image is produced On the same diagram: i draw the object O in the new position along the principal axis;Gi sketch rays to show formation of the virtual image. 1 mark igure 3 shows aft spring mae of ron clamped horizontally onthe bench over asolenoiG-clamp Figure3 When the switch is closed, the spring vibrates. Explain this observation, marks 7 Figure 4 shows a hack-saw blade clamped horizontally on a bench and the free end is madeto vibrate about the rest position. The movement 0 a o P o Ha Ho Fb, takes 0.7seconds. Determine the frequency of vibration ofthe blade. 2 marks 8 Figure S shows waveftonts approaching the boundary between two media Figures BoundaryLI WyThe speed of the waves in medium 2 higher than that in medium 1 .


Explain this observation, marks 7 Figure 4 shows a hack-saw blade clamped horizontally on a bench and the free end is madeto vibrate about the rest position. The movement 0 a o P o Ha Ho Fb, takes 0.7seconds. Determine the frequency of vibration ofthe blade. 2 marks 8 Figure S shows waveftonts approaching the boundary between two media Figures BoundaryLI WyThe speed of the waves in medium 2 higher than that in medium 1 . On the samediagram complete the figure to show the wavefronts after crossing the boundary 2 marks 9 Figure 6 shows a circuit in which a battery of negligible internal resistance, wo resistors, acapacitor, a voltmeter and a switch are connected c4US3Giving a reason for your answer in each ease, state the reading of the voltimeter, V, whenthe switch is 2 marks Gi ClosedReason, ,ated 100W, 240V. At what rate would it dissipate energy ifitisconnected toa 220V supply? B marks Figure 7 shows how rays from a distant and a near object are focused inside a human eyewith a certain defect. Rays frmdita est Rays tomear object,Figure 7 Name the defect and state the cause of this defect. 1 mark Defect. Cause of defect A narrow beam of electrons in a cathode ray oscilloscope CRO strike the sereenproducing a spot, State what is observed on the screen ifa Tow frequency a.c source is connected across the y-input of the CRO. 1 mark The accelerating potential ofa certain X-ray tube is increased. State the change observedoon the X-rays produced, 1 mark A radioactve isotope of eopper decays to form an isotope of Zine as shown below.ope of cope aSCu 2n Radiation Name the radiation ented aul give season for your answer. Radiation... Reason. SECTION B 55 marks Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided. A State one factor that affects the speed of sound in a solid. Mark b An observer stands half-way between two vertical cliffs that are L metres apart.


Reason. SECTION B 55 marks Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided. A State one factor that affects the speed of sound in a solid. Mark b An observer stands half-way between two vertical cliffs that are L metres apart. Hemoves directly towards one cliff and after a distance x 10m from the centre, hestrikes a gong and measures the time interval, t, between the echoes heard from thetwo cliffs. He moves a further 10m and again strikes the gong and measures thetime interval between the echoes, The process is repeated several times. The graphin Figure 8 shows the relation between the time interval and the distance, x, fromthe centre iyiii 6 From the graph, determine the value of x for which the time interval was0.555, mark 4Given that t ax where vis the speed of sound in air, determine the valueof v from the graph, 3 marks fhe maximum time measured by the observer was t 4.7s, determine thedistance L. between the cliffs G marks A search boat uses a signal of frequency 6.0 x 10 Hz to detect a sunken ship directlybelow, Two reflected signals are received; one afer 0.1 seconds from sunken boatand the other after 0.14 seconds from the sea bed. Ifthe sea bed is 98m below thehot, determine: i the speed of the signal in water G marks You may use the value of v trom ii above. Gi the depth ofthe sunken ship below the boat 2 marks State two conditions necessary for total internal reflection to occur. 2-marks Figure 9 shows ray of light incident on the boundary between two media 1 and 2 atan angle 8.


Between the cliffs G marks A search boat uses a signal of frequency 6.0 x 10 Hz to detect a sunken ship directlybelow, Two reflected signals are received; one afer 0.1 seconds from sunken boatand the other after 0.14 seconds from the sea bed. Ifthe sea bed is 98m below thehot, determine: i the speed of the signal in water G marks You may use the value of v trom ii above. Gi the depth ofthe sunken ship below the boat 2 marks State two conditions necessary for total internal reflection to occur. 2-marks Figure 9 shows ray of light incident on the boundary between two media 1 and 2 atan angle 8. FigureShow thatthe refractive index fora ray of light traveling from medium 1 10 medium 2is given by:m sind 2 marks v Figure 10 shows a ray of light incident on one face of a block of ive of reftactiveindex 1.31 and totally reflected at the adjacent face Figure 10Determine:Gi angle 2 marks Gi angle x markii angle 6, the greaiest angle for which the total intemal reflection is possible 2 marks Three resistors of resistance 2.00, 402 and 6.02 connected together in aDraw a circuit diagram to show the arrangement of the resistors which gives i effective resistance of 3.0. Mark Gi minimum resistance mark In figure 11 the voltmeter reads .1V when the switch is open, When the switeh isclosed, the voltmeter reads 1.8V and the ammeter reads 0.1A. , 4 FigureDetermine: theem,fof the cel; 1 mark i the internal resistance of the cell marks Oo ii the resistance of the lamp. 2 marks Figure 12 shows two circuits close to each other,iFigure 12When the switch is closed. The galvenometer shows a reading and then returns tozero. When the switch is then opened, the galvonometer shows a reading in the opposite direction and then returns to Zero. Explain these observations.


The galvenometer shows a reading and then returns tozero. When the switch is then opened, the galvonometer shows a reading in the opposite direction and then returns to Zero. Explain these observations. 3 marks Explain how energy losses ina transformer are reduced by having: a soft-iron cores 2 marks Gi alaminated core, 2 marks An ideal transformer has 2000 turns in the primary cireuit and 200 turns in thesecondary circuit. When the primary circuit is connected to a 400V ac.source, thepower delivered toa resistor in the Secondary eircuit is found to be 800W.Determine the current i the secondary cireuit; the primary circuit 6 marks X-rays are used for detecting cracks inside metal beams. State the type of the X-rays used mark Gi Give reason for your answer in i above. 1 markFor more great stuff click or visit:www.changeyourT.comwww.arimifoods.com.


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565 1 MS BUSINESS STUDIES Paper 1 MARKING SCHEME DECEMBER 2022 THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION BUSINESS STUDIES Paper 1 MARKING SCHEME CONFIDENTIAL THIS MARKING SCHEME IS THE PROPERTY OF THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL AND IT MUST BE RETURNED TO THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL AT THE END OF MARKING. This marking scheme consists of 10 printed pages. 02022 The Kenya National Examinations Council 56511 Tum over Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comAccess free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comAccess free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comAccess free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comAccess free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comAccess free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comAccess free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comAccess free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comAccess free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comAccess free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


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Ii fishing. Iii lumbering. Iv farming. Any 2 x 21 1 mark b Construction: i bridge making ii road construction. Iii ship building. Iv masonry. Any 2 x 21 1 mark c Direct services: i hairdressing. Ii teaching. Iii health care. Iv entertaining. Any 2 x 21 1 mark 3.Tasks that may be carried out by a receptionist in an office include: a Receiving visitors to the organization. B Receiving and routing telephone calls. C Taking and passing messages. D Dealing with simple petty cash for purchase of newspapers, tea etc. E Supervising messengers. F Keeping simple records. G Distributing publications by the organization. Any 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com6514.Circumstances in which a cheque may be used as a means of payment include: a When the amounts involved in the transaction are high. B When the seller insists on payment by cheque. C When evidence of payment is required. D When payment is to be directed into the payee s account. E When the terms of sale is cash with order. F When there is need to ensure safety of the money being transferred. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 5.Activities that may be carried out in a stock exchange market include: a Buying and selling of shares. B Mobilising savings for investment. C Listing of companies. F Issuing of new securities raising capital. E publication of statistical information. F Advising investors. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 6.Features of liners in sea transport include: a Ferry passengers or cargo. B Follow a regular time table schedule. C Call at ports at regular intervals. D Follow a regular route. E Form associations conferences to protect themselves against unfair competition. F Charge fixed freightage and fare regardless of demand. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 7.Types of information that a manager may pass to the juniors include: a Instructions and directions. B Explain policies of the organization. C Give procedures to be followed in carrying out duties. D Information on performance of juniors evaluation . E Invitation to meetings. F Allocation delegation of duties. G Motivating inspiring juniors. H Giving solutions to juniors issues. Any 5 x 1 5 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com6528.Meaning of terms: a Insured:Is an individual or business unit that signs an insurance contract to be covered against a risk of loss and can therefore be compensated in the event of the loss occurring. B Insurance:Is an arrangement contract in which the insured pays premiums to the insurer so as to be compensated in case of loss occurring as a result of an insured risk. 2 x 2 4 marks 9.Indicating whether factors cause movement along the demand curve or a shift of the demand curve: a Shift of the demand curve. B Movement along the demand curve. C Shift of the demand curve. 3 x 1 3 marks 10.Roles played by the broker in the chain of distribution include: a Linking the buyer and the seller. B Bargaining for the principal. C Passing information between the principal and the client. D Facilitating access to a variety of goods and services to the buyer. E Providing an avenue for the seller to access many buyers. F Giving advice to buyers and sellers on market trends. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 11.Factors represented by the arrows labelled a and b are: a i Payment for goods and services. Ii Factor services inputs factors of production. 2 x 1 2 marks b i Payment for factor inputs. Ii Goods and services. 2 x 1 2 marks Total 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65312.Missing figures: a CA 155,000 b C 73,600 c FA 138,600 d L 335,620 4 x 1 4 marks 13.Mheshimiwa sTrial Balance as at 31st May 2010DetailsDrShsCrShsPurchases3,880Sales3,350Returns outwards150Returns inwards160D Simila Debtor 2,550P Mwende Creditor 3,100WagesCapital1,7508,3508,350 10 x 21 5 marks 14.The columns:V is FolioW is Discount allowedX is CashY is Bank 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65415.Functions of the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development include: a Provision of finance to member countries to foster economic development. B Issuance of loans to developing countries at concessionary rates for project development. C Provision of personnel manpower to facilitate project appraisal. D Provision of experts to implement and manage identified projects. E Training of local personnel in project appraisal and implementation. F Supervise member countries management of public finance. G Aproving development plans from member countries for funding. H Advising and recommending economic policies to be adopted by member countries. I Promotes long term growth in international trade. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 16.Disadvantages of barter trade include: a Lack of double coincidence of wants. B Indivisibility of some goods. C Perishability of some goods. D Difficult to measure value. E Problems of portability of some goods. F Lack of a standard for making deferred payments. G Lack of unit of accounts. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 17.Recording transactions into the general journal. DateParticularsFolioDrCr2010ShsShsOct. 10K Likia Stationery sale of stationery on credit 3,0003,000Oct. 23Motor vehicle Onjwaria Motors purchase of motor vehicle on credit 700,000700,000 4 x 1 4 marks 18.Levels of inflation are: a Hyper inflation runaway. B Galloping inflation rapid.


10K Likia Stationery sale of stationery on credit 3,0003,000Oct. 23Motor vehicle Onjwaria Motors purchase of motor vehicle on credit 700,000700,000 4 x 1 4 marks 18.Levels of inflation are: a Hyper inflation runaway. B Galloping inflation rapid. C Stagflation.


23Motor vehicle Onjwaria Motors purchase of motor vehicle on credit 700,000700,000 4 x 1 4 marks 18.Levels of inflation are: a Hyper inflation runaway. B Galloping inflation rapid. C Stagflation. D Creeping inflation mild moderate. 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65519.Characteristics of underdevelopment that are common among countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia include: a Low per capita income. B High population growth rate. C Poor standards of living. D Low literacy levels. E High levels of unemployment. F Poor health care. G Low life expectance. H Over reliance on primary level of production high levels of subsistence production. I High dependency ratio. J Poor infrastructure. K Low technological levels. L Large income disparities. M Low levels of labour productivity. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 20.Factors in the internal environment that may influence the operations of a matatu business include: a The management structure. B Employees. C Capital finances. D The owner. E Marketing strategy handling of customers. F Research and development. G Condition of the vehicle. H Business culture. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 21.Reasons for which businesses should observe ethical practices include: a To ensure fair competition. B To protect consumers customers. C To protect the environment. D To protect the rights of employees. E To promote social responsibility. F To maintain a positive image. G To abide by the country s laws. H To maintain suppliers. I To promote positive cultural practices. Any 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65622.Merits of promoting products through personal selling include: a Enhances personal appeal between the buyer and the seller. B Can effectively counteract customers negative attitudes towards the product. C Questions and complaints from customers are channelled directly to employees ofthe company and not middlemen. D Demonstration on the use of the goods can easily be done. E Flexibility in presentation to suit customer needs. F Provide immediate feedback from and to the clients. G Effective in conducting market research. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 23.Calculating Kiboko s initial capital:IC CCDPAI ,,,,,,400 000800 000 Shs ,, 6 x 21 3 marks 24.Positive implications of a youthful population to an economy include: a Less expenditure on social security and pension. B Wider market for goods meant for the youth like clothing. C Guaranteed continuous supply of labour. D Flexibility and adaptability to technological changes which improve production. E Faster growth of some sectors like the music, fashion and fast food industries. F Increased innovation due to their adventurous nature. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 25.PQ LtdTrading Accountfor the year ended 31 December 2012ShsShsOpening stock57,140 Sales23,498,000Add: Purchases16,290,000 Less: Returns in27,200GAFS16,347,140Less: Closing stock86,340COGS16,260,800GP c d7,210,00023,470,80023,470,800 10 x 21 5 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com6574.28.2 Business Studies 565 2 1. A Benefits that a firm may enjoy by preparing a business plan include: i Sourcing for finance capital loans.


B Galloping inflation rapid. C Stagflation. D Creeping inflation mild moderate. 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65519.Characteristics of underdevelopment that are common among countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia include: a Low per capita income. B High population growth rate. C Poor standards of living. D Low literacy levels. E High levels of unemployment. F Poor health care. G Low life expectance. H Over reliance on primary level of production high levels of subsistence production. I High dependency ratio. J Poor infrastructure. K Low technological levels. L Large income disparities. M Low levels of labour productivity. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 20.Factors in the internal environment that may influence the operations of a matatu business include: a The management structure. B Employees. C Capital finances. D The owner. E Marketing strategy handling of customers. F Research and development. G Condition of the vehicle. H Business culture. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 21.Reasons for which businesses should observe ethical practices include: a To ensure fair competition. B To protect consumers customers. C To protect the environment. D To protect the rights of employees. E To promote social responsibility. F To maintain a positive image. G To abide by the country s laws. H To maintain suppliers. I To promote positive cultural practices. Any 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65622.Merits of promoting products through personal selling include: a Enhances personal appeal between the buyer and the seller. B Can effectively counteract customers negative attitudes towards the product. C Questions and complaints from customers are channelled directly to employees ofthe company and not middlemen. D Demonstration on the use of the goods can easily be done. E Flexibility in presentation to suit customer needs. F Provide immediate feedback from and to the clients. G Effective in conducting market research. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 23.Calculating Kiboko s initial capital:IC CCDPAI ,,,,,,400 000800 000 Shs ,, 6 x 21 3 marks 24.Positive implications of a youthful population to an economy include: a Less expenditure on social security and pension. B Wider market for goods meant for the youth like clothing. C Guaranteed continuous supply of labour. D Flexibility and adaptability to technological changes which improve production. E Faster growth of some sectors like the music, fashion and fast food industries. F Increased innovation due to their adventurous nature. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 25.PQ LtdTrading Accountfor the year ended 31 December 2012ShsShsOpening stock57,140 Sales23,498,000Add: Purchases16,290,000 Less: Returns in27,200GAFS16,347,140Less: Closing stock86,340COGS16,260,800GP c d7,210,00023,470,80023,470,800 10 x 21 5 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com6574.28.2 Business Studies 565 2 1. A Benefits that a firm may enjoy by preparing a business plan include: i Sourcing for finance capital loans. It can be used to convince financial institutions and investors to fund the firm s operations.


C Stagflation. D Creeping inflation mild moderate. 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65519.Characteristics of underdevelopment that are common among countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia include: a Low per capita income. B High population growth rate. C Poor standards of living. D Low literacy levels. E High levels of unemployment. F Poor health care. G Low life expectance. H Over reliance on primary level of production high levels of subsistence production. I High dependency ratio. J Poor infrastructure. K Low technological levels. L Large income disparities. M Low levels of labour productivity. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 20.Factors in the internal environment that may influence the operations of a matatu business include: a The management structure. B Employees. C Capital finances. D The owner. E Marketing strategy handling of customers. F Research and development. G Condition of the vehicle. H Business culture. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 21.Reasons for which businesses should observe ethical practices include: a To ensure fair competition. B To protect consumers customers. C To protect the environment. D To protect the rights of employees. E To promote social responsibility. F To maintain a positive image. G To abide by the country s laws. H To maintain suppliers. I To promote positive cultural practices. Any 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65622.Merits of promoting products through personal selling include: a Enhances personal appeal between the buyer and the seller. B Can effectively counteract customers negative attitudes towards the product. C Questions and complaints from customers are channelled directly to employees ofthe company and not middlemen. D Demonstration on the use of the goods can easily be done. E Flexibility in presentation to suit customer needs. F Provide immediate feedback from and to the clients. G Effective in conducting market research. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 23.Calculating Kiboko s initial capital:IC CCDPAI ,,,,,,400 000800 000 Shs ,, 6 x 21 3 marks 24.Positive implications of a youthful population to an economy include: a Less expenditure on social security and pension. B Wider market for goods meant for the youth like clothing. C Guaranteed continuous supply of labour. D Flexibility and adaptability to technological changes which improve production. E Faster growth of some sectors like the music, fashion and fast food industries. F Increased innovation due to their adventurous nature. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 25.PQ LtdTrading Accountfor the year ended 31 December 2012ShsShsOpening stock57,140 Sales23,498,000Add: Purchases16,290,000 Less: Returns in27,200GAFS16,347,140Less: Closing stock86,340COGS16,260,800GP c d7,210,00023,470,80023,470,800 10 x 21 5 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com6574.28.2 Business Studies 565 2 1. A Benefits that a firm may enjoy by preparing a business plan include: i Sourcing for finance capital loans. It can be used to convince financial institutions and investors to fund the firm s operations. Ii A tool for evaluation.


D Creeping inflation mild moderate. 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65519.Characteristics of underdevelopment that are common among countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia include: a Low per capita income. B High population growth rate. C Poor standards of living. D Low literacy levels. E High levels of unemployment. F Poor health care. G Low life expectance. H Over reliance on primary level of production high levels of subsistence production. I High dependency ratio. J Poor infrastructure. K Low technological levels. L Large income disparities. M Low levels of labour productivity. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 20.Factors in the internal environment that may influence the operations of a matatu business include: a The management structure. B Employees. C Capital finances. D The owner. E Marketing strategy handling of customers. F Research and development. G Condition of the vehicle. H Business culture. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 21.Reasons for which businesses should observe ethical practices include: a To ensure fair competition. B To protect consumers customers. C To protect the environment. D To protect the rights of employees. E To promote social responsibility. F To maintain a positive image. G To abide by the country s laws. H To maintain suppliers. I To promote positive cultural practices. Any 4 x 1 4 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com65622.Merits of promoting products through personal selling include: a Enhances personal appeal between the buyer and the seller. B Can effectively counteract customers negative attitudes towards the product. C Questions and complaints from customers are channelled directly to employees ofthe company and not middlemen. D Demonstration on the use of the goods can easily be done. E Flexibility in presentation to suit customer needs. F Provide immediate feedback from and to the clients. G Effective in conducting market research. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 23.Calculating Kiboko s initial capital:IC CCDPAI ,,,,,,400 000800 000 Shs ,, 6 x 21 3 marks 24.Positive implications of a youthful population to an economy include: a Less expenditure on social security and pension. B Wider market for goods meant for the youth like clothing. C Guaranteed continuous supply of labour. D Flexibility and adaptability to technological changes which improve production. E Faster growth of some sectors like the music, fashion and fast food industries. F Increased innovation due to their adventurous nature. Any 4 x 1 4 marks 25.PQ LtdTrading Accountfor the year ended 31 December 2012ShsShsOpening stock57,140 Sales23,498,000Add: Purchases16,290,000 Less: Returns in27,200GAFS16,347,140Less: Closing stock86,340COGS16,260,800GP c d7,210,00023,470,80023,470,800 10 x 21 5 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com6574.28.2 Business Studies 565 2 1. A Benefits that a firm may enjoy by preparing a business plan include: i Sourcing for finance capital loans. It can be used to convince financial institutions and investors to fund the firm s operations. Ii A tool for evaluation. It can be used to determine whether the firm is achieving its goals and objectives help to make necessary adjustment changes for supervision purposes. Iii A tool for management.


It can be used to convince financial institutions and investors to fund the firm s operations. Ii A tool for evaluation. It can be used to determine whether the firm is achieving its goals and objectives help to make necessary adjustment changes for supervision purposes. Iii A tool for management. It can be used for structuring the implementation of the functions tool for planning, organizing, directing, staffing, coordinating budgeting communicating. Iv Gives the firm a competitive edge. It enables the firm to get a better understanding of the market and competitors. V Enhances efficiency in the use of the resources of the firm. It ensures that the resources available are allocated and used in the best way possible without wastage. Vi Motivational tool. It inspires the management employees creates team work in accomplishing the objectives of the firm. Vii Framework blue print guide for implementing a new business, thus assisting management in decision actions on the possible strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats on a day to day basis. Any 5 x 2 10 marks b Demerits that a country may suffer when the government becomes a major investor in business include: i Discourage private investment. The move may discourage private investment due to unfair competition and acquisition of monopoly powers unfavourable laws. Ii Poor quality goods and services. The quality of goods and services may be compromised due to lack of competition. Government employees also lack enthusiasm since there is no profit motive. Iii Limited choices for consumers. Where the government is the only provider of good service, consumers may be denied a variety to choose from. Iv Inefficiency. Leading to low poor productivity continuous loss. V Burden to tax payers. The investments may drain public resources by increasing government expenditure in situations where the enterprise is not able to sustain itself burdening tax payers .For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com658 vi Lack of accountability transparency corruption. Managers of government-run businesses tend to misappropriate and embezzle public funds misuse public funds. Vii Unstable management. Government-run businesses are prone to frequent changes in their management occasioned by changing political leadership. Viii Political interference patronage. Appointment of cronies nepotism andunethical practices may lead to social discontent. Ix Bureaucracy red tape.


Managers of government-run businesses tend to misappropriate and embezzle public funds misuse public funds. Vii Unstable management. Government-run businesses are prone to frequent changes in their management occasioned by changing political leadership. Viii Political interference patronage. Appointment of cronies nepotism andunethical practices may lead to social discontent. Ix Bureaucracy red tape. Leading to rigidity slow response to market changes. Any 5 x 2 10 marks 2. A NDOVU TRADERSTHREE COLUMN CASH BOOKDateDetailsDiscount AllowedCash shs Bank shs DateDetailsDiscount ReceivedCash shs Bank shs Jan 1stBal b d30,00075,000Jan 2ndPurchases15,500Jan 5thChui1,25023,750Jan 8thDrawings8,900Jan 11thMaro80016,000Jan 17th Furaha90029,100Jan 15thSales24,250Jan 20th Cash15,000Jan 20thBank15,000Jan 25th Wages21,000Jan 22nd Koko1,00039,000Jan 30th Bal c d27,400 106,000 3,050 93,000130,000 900 93,000 130,000Bal b f27,400106,100 36 31 12 marks b Reasons for which traders observe ethical practices in product promotion include: i To avoid misleading the consumers by not making false claims about their products. Ii To ensure that consumers are not offended by not making use of appeals that go against their cultural values. Iii To avoid exploiting certain vulnerable groups like children since they lack the knowledge and experience to understand and evaluate the purpose of persuasive appeals. Iv To avoid negative influence on the consumers values and lifestyles that may lead to immorality and ill health like glorifying the image of alcohol and cigarettes. For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com659 v To avoid portraying rival businesses negatively in an attempt to capture the market or gain undue advantage. Vi To create a positive image reputation of business hence maintaining customer loyalty.


Appointment of cronies nepotism andunethical practices may lead to social discontent. Ix Bureaucracy red tape. Leading to rigidity slow response to market changes. Any 5 x 2 10 marks 2. A NDOVU TRADERSTHREE COLUMN CASH BOOKDateDetailsDiscount AllowedCash shs Bank shs DateDetailsDiscount ReceivedCash shs Bank shs Jan 1stBal b d30,00075,000Jan 2ndPurchases15,500Jan 5thChui1,25023,750Jan 8thDrawings8,900Jan 11thMaro80016,000Jan 17th Furaha90029,100Jan 15thSales24,250Jan 20th Cash15,000Jan 20thBank15,000Jan 25th Wages21,000Jan 22nd Koko1,00039,000Jan 30th Bal c d27,400 106,000 3,050 93,000130,000 900 93,000 130,000Bal b f27,400106,100 36 31 12 marks b Reasons for which traders observe ethical practices in product promotion include: i To avoid misleading the consumers by not making false claims about their products. Ii To ensure that consumers are not offended by not making use of appeals that go against their cultural values. Iii To avoid exploiting certain vulnerable groups like children since they lack the knowledge and experience to understand and evaluate the purpose of persuasive appeals. Iv To avoid negative influence on the consumers values and lifestyles that may lead to immorality and ill health like glorifying the image of alcohol and cigarettes. For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com659 v To avoid portraying rival businesses negatively in an attempt to capture the market or gain undue advantage. Vi To create a positive image reputation of business hence maintaining customer loyalty. Vii To abide by the laws of the country to avoid law suits conflicts frictions with law enforcement agencies government. Any 4 x 2 8 marks 3. A Objectives that may be attained by establishing firms in different parts of the country include: i To reduce rural-urban migration. Setting up firms in several parts of the country may curb the influx of people from rural to urban areas.


Iv To avoid negative influence on the consumers values and lifestyles that may lead to immorality and ill health like glorifying the image of alcohol and cigarettes. For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com659 v To avoid portraying rival businesses negatively in an attempt to capture the market or gain undue advantage. Vi To create a positive image reputation of business hence maintaining customer loyalty. Vii To abide by the laws of the country to avoid law suits conflicts frictions with law enforcement agencies government. Any 4 x 2 8 marks 3. A Objectives that may be attained by establishing firms in different parts of the country include: i To reduce rural-urban migration. Setting up firms in several parts of the country may curb the influx of people from rural to urban areas. This helps to retain the productive population in the rural areas. Ii To utilize local resources factors of production untapped resources. Establishing firms in various parts of the country will enhance the use of idle resources in those areas. Iii To create employment opportunities. This is a sure way of creating employment opportunities in several parts of the country which improves the standard of living. Iv To provide balanced regional development. Creating firms in various parts of the country will ensure that all parts grow develop at the same rate time. V To promote development of infrastructure. Setting up of firms will encourage the growth of infrastructure like roads, power, water, railway and communication in various parts of the country which opens up the country andfacilitates production movement of goods services factors. Vi To promote development of social amenities schools health facilities. When firms are set up in various parts of the country, social amenities will also be developed.


V To promote development of infrastructure. Setting up of firms will encourage the growth of infrastructure like roads, power, water, railway and communication in various parts of the country which opens up the country andfacilitates production movement of goods services factors. Vi To promote development of social amenities schools health facilities. When firms are set up in various parts of the country, social amenities will also be developed. This improves the social welfare of the people. Vii To reduce social problems hence avoiding minimizing polution crime prostitution drug abuse theft. Viii To promote urban growth hence encouraging growth of market economy commercial activities. Ix To reduce congestion in certain areas in order to ease pressure on resources. X To reduce effects of concentrated pollution which may negatively affect the environment. For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com660 xi To minimize effects impact of calamities terrorism catastrophe which may polarize the economy. Xii To reduce income disparities inequalities as people will be engaged in production activities. Any 5 x 2 10 marks b Accounting documents that are used in home trade include: i Invoice. This is a document sent by the seller to a buyer demanding payment for goods supplied. It shows details of the goods, quantity, unit price, value, anydiscount given, net payment and terms of payment sold bought on credit a source document for sales purchases day bool A Ledger. Ii Debit note. A document sent by the seller to the buyer to correct an undercharge. It is issued when the invoice shows a lesser amount than what is actually owed. It is an additional invoice may be used when empty containers have not been returned and have to be charged for. Iii Credit note. A document sent by the seller to the buyer to correct an overcharge. It is issued when goods are returned to the seller because they are defective, notthe ones ordered or they were not required. When returning empty containers which had been charged for . A source document for sales returns purchases returns day books. Iv Receipt. This is a document issued by the seller to the buyer when payment is made for goods services. A source document for the cash book cash payment journal cash receipts journal. V Statement of account.


A source document for sales returns purchases returns day books. Iv Receipt. This is a document issued by the seller to the buyer when payment is made for goods services. A source document for the cash book cash payment journal cash receipts journal. V Statement of account. This is a document sent by the seller to the buyer showing details of transactions for the month with a running balance shown with each entry. Vi Payment voucher. A document used to validate payment for service goods rendered. It is issued by a cashier and signed by the service provider payee recipient a sosurce document for the petty cash book imprest used where the receipt is not readily available. Vii Remittance advice note. This is a document that accompanies a cheque issued for settlement of a debt. It provides information on the payment. Viii A1E Authority to incurr expenditure. Written instructions allowing one to spend institutional funds up to a certain amount. Ix Bank deposit slip - As a source document for cash book evidence of payment into the bank account. Xi Consignment note supports hire of carriage services shows transport charges. Any 5 x 2 10 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com6614. A Calculating:I.Turnover Sales - Returns inwards 1,155,000 - 30,000 shs 1,125,000 4 41 1 mark II.Rate of stock turnover ROSTO RostoAverage stockCost of goods sold Cost of goods sold opening stock purchases carriage inwards - Return outwards - closing stockROSTO ,,,,,,430 000470 000430 000930 00010 000' h,20 000 ,,450 000880 000 1.96 times - 2 times 12 41 3 marks III.Mark upCost of goods soldGP ,,880 000245 000 17949 - 27.8 2 marks akIV. MarginsalesGP ,,,245 000 22549 or 21.77 2 marks ak V.


It provides information on the payment. Viii A1E Authority to incurr expenditure. Written instructions allowing one to spend institutional funds up to a certain amount. Ix Bank deposit slip - As a source document for cash book evidence of payment into the bank account. Xi Consignment note supports hire of carriage services shows transport charges. Any 5 x 2 10 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com6614. A Calculating:I.Turnover Sales - Returns inwards 1,155,000 - 30,000 shs 1,125,000 4 41 1 mark II.Rate of stock turnover ROSTO RostoAverage stockCost of goods sold Cost of goods sold opening stock purchases carriage inwards - Return outwards - closing stockROSTO ,,,,,,430 000470 000430 000930 00010 000' h,20 000 ,,450 000880 000 1.96 times - 2 times 12 41 3 marks III.Mark upCost of goods soldGP ,,880 000245 000 17949 - 27.8 2 marks akIV. MarginsalesGP ,,,245 000 22549 or 21.77 2 marks ak V. Net profit Gross profit - Expenses 245,000 - 25,000 100,000 25,000 95,000 8 41 2 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com662 b Guidelines that should be followed by the government in its expenditure include: I. Maximum social benefit optimal benefit. Government spending should benefit as many people as possible. II.Flexibility. Should be elastic enough to accommodate changing circumstances. III.Economy. Should be capable of being changed to accommodate prevailing economic circumstances. IV.Equity. Should aim at distributing incomes fairly. V.Sanction. Government spending must be approved by the relevant authority to enhance accountability. VI.Accounting. Proper accounting records should be kept to facilitate good financial management. VII.Productivity. A larger proportion of the national income should be spent on development projects. VIII. Surplus. Expenditure should be less than the total revenue collected.


A larger proportion of the national income should be spent on development projects. VIII. Surplus. Expenditure should be less than the total revenue collected. IX.Elasticity - should be capable to being expanded contracted depending on the size of the economy. Any 5 x 2 10 marks 5. A Disadvantages that a developing country may suffer by liberalizing foreign trade include. I May lead to dumping of inferior products into the country. Ii May cause over exploitation of resources leading to their depletion. Iii May lead to loss of jobs due to closure of firms that cannot cope with competition. Iv May contribute to worsening balance of payment situation as developing countries have fewer lowly valued exports. V Cultural values and beliefs may be eroded due to unrestricted trade. Vi Entry of harmful goods. Goods with harmful ingredients such as beauty creams and drugs may find their way into the country. Vii Slow economic development. The country may stagnate due to over dependence on other countries for supplies. Viii Brain drain. The developing country looses skilled personnel to better developed countries who provide better pay and amenities. Any 5 x 2 10 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com663 b Features of monopolistic competition include: i Many sellers and buyers. The market is comprised of many sellers and buyers who operate independently. Ii Free entry and exit into the market. There are no barriers to entry into, or exit from the market. Iii Commodities sold are very close substitutes. Firms sell similar products but which are highly differentiated by names, shapes, colour, odour and packaging. Iv All firms earn normal profits in the long run. Some firms may earn supernormal profits in the short run. V Firms are independent. There is little interdependence in terms of pricing and quantities to produce. Vi Entry or exit of a firm does not significantly affect the market. None of the firms can influence the market supply by joining or leaving the industry. Vii No single firm has control over the factors of production. All firms acquire the factors at the prevailing market rates and conditions. Viii Perfect knowledge of the market.


None of the firms can influence the market supply by joining or leaving the industry. Vii No single firm has control over the factors of production. All firms acquire the factors at the prevailing market rates and conditions. Viii Perfect knowledge of the market. Buyers and sellers are aware of the prices, quantities and other market factors. Any 5 x 2 10 marks 6. A Sources of finance for a public limited company apart from the sale of shares include: i Borrowing from financial institutions in the form of loans, bank overdraft and mortgage. Ii Trade credit. Buying goods for re-sale on credit so as to pay at a later date. Iii Hire purchase. Buying goods and paying for them on instalment basis. Iv Debentures. Borrowing from members of the public for which interest is paid at a fixed rate and over a predetermined period of time. V Sale and leaseback. Selling an asset like a building and then hiring it back for a specified period of time. Vi Retained profits. Profits made are not shared out as dividends but ploughed back into the business. For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com664 vii Discounting bills of exchange. Receiving payment from financial institutions at a discount against bills of exchange before their maturity. Viii Use of reserves provisions. The company may make use of funds set aside for depreciation, tax and bad debts to finance its day to day operations. Any 5 x 2 10 marks b Factors that may have caused a decline in the demand for wooden furniture include: i Decline in consumer incomes. This may reduce their purchasing power hence less able to afford the furniture. Ii Fall in the price of substitutes. Furniture made from other materials like plastic and metal may be cheaper. Iii Increase in the price of wooden furniture. This makes the furniture to be out of reach for most consumers. Iv Government policy. The government may have increased rates on timber products hence making the furniture more expensive. V Unfavourable change in tastes and preferences. Consumers may be purchasing more plastic and metallic furniture. Vi Decline in population. A decrease in population will lead to reduced numbers of potential and actual customers. Vii Expectations of a future fall in price.


The government may have increased rates on timber products hence making the furniture more expensive. V Unfavourable change in tastes and preferences. Consumers may be purchasing more plastic and metallic furniture. Vi Decline in population. A decrease in population will lead to reduced numbers of potential and actual customers. Vii Expectations of a future fall in price. Consumers may be anticipating a fall in price in the future hence currently suspend buying. Any 5 x 2 10 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


1983.21DRAWING AND DESIGN 449 3.21.1 Drawing and Design Paper 1 449 1 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com199For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com200For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com201For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com202For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com203For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com204For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com205For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com2063.21.2 Drawing and Design Paper 2 449 2 DESIGN PROBLEM: 40 marks People have had serious accidents caused by the use of ladders that are poorly designed. Design a ladder considering the following:1.It should provide a reasonably strong grip when leaning on a cylindrical column.2.It should have rungs steps that make the user comfortable when working.3.It should have provision for extension as the working height increases.4.It should be folded for ease of storage and transportation.5. Its base should provide a firm grip to the ground. REQUIREMENTS a Make freehand sketches of TWO possible solutions for your design. 6 marks b Select ONE of the designs in a above and make a refined labelled pictorial sketch. 9 marks c Make detailed sketches of the mechanisms to allow for each of the considerations 1 to 5 above. 20 marks d List TWO materials used and state ONE reason for the choice of each. 3 marks e Name TWO methods of joining the parts and state where each is used. 2 marks For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


K.C.S.E 2008 BIOLOGY PAPER 231 2MARKING SCHEMEa F OestrogenG - Progesterone 2marks F promotes healing promotes repair of the wterus G- causes thickening ofthe uterine lining vascularisation 2 marks 9 Lateinising hormone mark fi Causes ovulation; - induces graafian follicle to become corpus luteum; stimulatescorpus luieum to release progesterone; marks 129 to 16 day:. A Round seed plants- Re; Wrinkled seed plants - rr marks PG Rr RandeR, re rand fall fbothrfs marks Rr rf Re triGenotypes Rr rrPhenotypes Round seeds; wrinkled seeds; marks 4 Actossberween an individual showing character fora domninant gene homozygous heterozygous with homonygous recesive individual; Across between individual ofinknown genotype with a homozygous recessive organism individual, mari 3 photosynthesis; mark by tight energy hlorophy t marks oxygen. Used in respiration; released into the atmosphere glucose- used in respiration; converted into sucrose stertch for storage; used information of cellulose cell wal eytoplasm S marks 2 Plants Expose the surface area of leaf to sun light for photosynthesis Ensure flowers are exposed to pollination; Expose fruits sceds to dispersal; 3 marks 207s. As Attachment of muscles; other body organs; To protect deticate organs; Maintain body shape form Enable movement locomotion G marks Enable animals to search for food, shelter, water Enables animals escape predators harmful conditions, enable animals search formates; breeding sites.


K.C.S.E 2008 BIOLOGY PAPER 231 2MARKING SCHEMEa F OestrogenG - Progesterone 2marks F promotes healing promotes repair of the wterus G- causes thickening ofthe uterine lining vascularisation 2 marks 9 Lateinising hormone mark fi Causes ovulation; - induces graafian follicle to become corpus luteum; stimulatescorpus luieum to release progesterone; marks 129 to 16 day:. A Round seed plants- Re; Wrinkled seed plants - rr marks PG Rr RandeR, re rand fall fbothrfs marks Rr rf Re triGenotypes Rr rrPhenotypes Round seeds; wrinkled seeds; marks 4 Actossberween an individual showing character fora domninant gene homozygous heterozygous with homonygous recesive individual; Across between individual ofinknown genotype with a homozygous recessive organism individual, mari 3 photosynthesis; mark by tight energy hlorophy t marks oxygen. Used in respiration; released into the atmosphere glucose- used in respiration; converted into sucrose stertch for storage; used information of cellulose cell wal eytoplasm S marks 2 Plants Expose the surface area of leaf to sun light for photosynthesis Ensure flowers are exposed to pollination; Expose fruits sceds to dispersal; 3 marks 207s. As Attachment of muscles; other body organs; To protect deticate organs; Maintain body shape form Enable movement locomotion G marks Enable animals to search for food, shelter, water Enables animals escape predators harmful conditions, enable animals search formates; breeding sites. Marks L, lypotonic solution inner cells guined water by osmosis; becoming turgid hence increased in length; epidermal cells did not gain water because they are covered by a waier proof cuticle; leading to curvature,L, Gypertonicsotution - ner cells lost water by osmosis; leading to flaccdity decrease in length; epidermal ells didnot lose water due to waterproof cuicleleading to curvature; marks Support in herbaceous plants; absorption of water; openiig and closing of stomata, movement of water from cell to cel; feeding in insectivorous plants; folding of leaves in mimose puntica when touched.


A Round seed plants- Re; Wrinkled seed plants - rr marks PG Rr RandeR, re rand fall fbothrfs marks Rr rf Re triGenotypes Rr rrPhenotypes Round seeds; wrinkled seeds; marks 4 Actossberween an individual showing character fora domninant gene homozygous heterozygous with homonygous recesive individual; Across between individual ofinknown genotype with a homozygous recessive organism individual, mari 3 photosynthesis; mark by tight energy hlorophy t marks oxygen. Used in respiration; released into the atmosphere glucose- used in respiration; converted into sucrose stertch for storage; used information of cellulose cell wal eytoplasm S marks 2 Plants Expose the surface area of leaf to sun light for photosynthesis Ensure flowers are exposed to pollination; Expose fruits sceds to dispersal; 3 marks 207s. As Attachment of muscles; other body organs; To protect deticate organs; Maintain body shape form Enable movement locomotion G marks Enable animals to search for food, shelter, water Enables animals escape predators harmful conditions, enable animals search formates; breeding sites. Marks L, lypotonic solution inner cells guined water by osmosis; becoming turgid hence increased in length; epidermal cells did not gain water because they are covered by a waier proof cuticle; leading to curvature,L, Gypertonicsotution - ner cells lost water by osmosis; leading to flaccdity decrease in length; epidermal ells didnot lose water due to waterproof cuicleleading to curvature; marks Support in herbaceous plants; absorption of water; openiig and closing of stomata, movement of water from cell to cel; feeding in insectivorous plants; folding of leaves in mimose puntica when touched. Qmaris marks 4s a1700 1900 hes cemarey3 transpiration 100 - 1700 hes: rapid increase in the rte of transpiration ; due to highlight intensity high temperature;1700-0300 hs: hrs derease inthe rte of transpiration ; due to low tight intensity!low temperature;absorption1100.


Used in respiration; released into the atmosphere glucose- used in respiration; converted into sucrose stertch for storage; used information of cellulose cell wal eytoplasm S marks 2 Plants Expose the surface area of leaf to sun light for photosynthesis Ensure flowers are exposed to pollination; Expose fruits sceds to dispersal; 3 marks 207s. As Attachment of muscles; other body organs; To protect deticate organs; Maintain body shape form Enable movement locomotion G marks Enable animals to search for food, shelter, water Enables animals escape predators harmful conditions, enable animals search formates; breeding sites. Marks L, lypotonic solution inner cells guined water by osmosis; becoming turgid hence increased in length; epidermal cells did not gain water because they are covered by a waier proof cuticle; leading to curvature,L, Gypertonicsotution - ner cells lost water by osmosis; leading to flaccdity decrease in length; epidermal ells didnot lose water due to waterproof cuicleleading to curvature; marks Support in herbaceous plants; absorption of water; openiig and closing of stomata, movement of water from cell to cel; feeding in insectivorous plants; folding of leaves in mimose puntica when touched. Qmaris marks 4s a1700 1900 hes cemarey3 transpiration 100 - 1700 hes: rapid increase in the rte of transpiration ; due to highlight intensity high temperature;1700-0300 hs: hrs derease inthe rte of transpiration ; due to low tight intensity!low temperature;absorption1100. 1900 brs: increase inthe rate of absorption of water ; to replace water lostthrough tanspiration;1900-0300 hrs: decrease inthe rate of sbsorpion of water; due to the fact thattherate of transpiration has declined; Gmarks Both transpiration and absorption decrease; marks wind; humidity; atmospheric pressure; tight temperature vind rate of wanaprution is high when its windy lower whcasris sillmidi when humidity is low, the rte of ranspintion is high when itis high the rateoftranspration is lowrescue athigh etmospheric pressure the rte is low. Ege ethighlightitensiy rte of ranspiration is high at ow light intensity rate oftranspiration is low.


Marks L, lypotonic solution inner cells guined water by osmosis; becoming turgid hence increased in length; epidermal cells did not gain water because they are covered by a waier proof cuticle; leading to curvature,L, Gypertonicsotution - ner cells lost water by osmosis; leading to flaccdity decrease in length; epidermal ells didnot lose water due to waterproof cuicleleading to curvature; marks Support in herbaceous plants; absorption of water; openiig and closing of stomata, movement of water from cell to cel; feeding in insectivorous plants; folding of leaves in mimose puntica when touched. Qmaris marks 4s a1700 1900 hes cemarey3 transpiration 100 - 1700 hes: rapid increase in the rte of transpiration ; due to highlight intensity high temperature;1700-0300 hs: hrs derease inthe rte of transpiration ; due to low tight intensity!low temperature;absorption1100. 1900 brs: increase inthe rate of absorption of water ; to replace water lostthrough tanspiration;1900-0300 hrs: decrease inthe rate of sbsorpion of water; due to the fact thattherate of transpiration has declined; Gmarks Both transpiration and absorption decrease; marks wind; humidity; atmospheric pressure; tight temperature vind rate of wanaprution is high when its windy lower whcasris sillmidi when humidity is low, the rte of ranspintion is high when itis high the rateoftranspration is lowrescue athigh etmospheric pressure the rte is low. Ege ethighlightitensiy rte of ranspiration is high at ow light intensity rate oftranspiration is low. Temperature- at high temperaiure the rte of transpiration is hgher at low temperature therate of transpiration slow marks During thunderstonms lightaing; nitrogen gas combines with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides;nitrogen oxides dissolve in water to form nitric acid; acid is deposited in the soil by rain;nite acid combines with chemical substance to form nitrates nitrc aid dissociates to formnitrates; which are absorbed by plants; Symbiotic tacteria thizobium; which are found in root nodules of leguminous plants; fx freenitrogen to nitrates;-Free-living bacteria lostridium azotobacter; fx nitrogen into nitrates; Nostoc algae anabaena chlorella; fix nitrogen tonitrates;Plants use nitrates to form plant proteins; Animals feed on plants and convert plant proteins; into animal proteins. Plants and animals die and are decomposed by bacteria fungi saprophytes.


Qmaris marks 4s a1700 1900 hes cemarey3 transpiration 100 - 1700 hes: rapid increase in the rte of transpiration ; due to highlight intensity high temperature;1700-0300 hs: hrs derease inthe rte of transpiration ; due to low tight intensity!low temperature;absorption1100.1900 brs: increase inthe rate of absorption of water ; to replace water lostthrough tanspiration;1900-0300 hrs: decrease inthe rate of sbsorpion of water; due to the fact thattherate of transpiration has declined; Gmarks Both transpiration and absorption decrease; marks wind; humidity; atmospheric pressure; tight temperature vind rate of wanaprution is high when its windy lower whcasris sillmidi when humidity is low, the rte of ranspintion is high when itis high the rateoftranspration is lowrescue athigh etmospheric pressure the rte is low. Ege ethighlightitensiy rte of ranspiration is high at ow light intensity rate oftranspiration is low.temperature- at high temperaiure the rte of transpiration is hgher at low temperature therate of transpiration slow marks During thunderstonms lightaing; nitrogen gas combines with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides;nitrogen oxides dissolve in water to form nitric acid; acid is deposited in the soil by rain;nite acid combines with chemical substance to form nitrates nitrc aid dissociates to formnitrates; which are absorbed by plants; Symbiotic tacteria thizobium; which are found in root nodules of leguminous plants; fx freenitrogen to nitrates;-Free-living bacteria lostridium azotobacter; fx nitrogen into nitrates; Nostoc algae anabaena chlorella; fix nitrogen tonitrates;Plants use nitrates to form plant proteins; Animals feed on plants and convert plant proteins; into animal proteins. Plants and animals die and are decomposed by bacteria fungi saprophytes. Decomposingplants and animals itrogenous wastes release ammonia which is converted toitites byhitrosomonas aitrococeus bacteria; itrites are converted by nitrates; by nitrobacterbacteria;Nitrates inthe sol can be converted to free nitrogenidenitrifieation; by some funpeeudomonas 20 marks Highy vascularized network of blod capillaries; Large surface area for gnseous exchange ; Thinmembrane epithelium one cell thick wall; Moistlining; 4 marks Breathing inExternal intercostal muscles contra; internal, intercostal muscles rele; lifting asing thesibeage upwards and outwards ;museies of diaphragms contrac; hence i attens; thevolume ofthe thoracic cavity increases; while the pressure decreases higher tr pressure inthe atmosphere forees air into the lungs through the nose ; Gmarks Breathing outExternal intercostal muscles relax; while intemal intercostal museles contract; moving the "ibeage downwards and inwards; the muscles of diaphragm relax; hence the diaphragmassumes dome shape; the thoracic cavity decreases; while pressure increases; higherDressure forces air out ofthe lungs through the nose ; marks 210.


Www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 1 CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO EXAM-2023 101 1 ENGLISH PAPER 1 FUNTIONAL SKILLS JULY AUGUST-2023 1. A local non-governmental organization is looking for people to take up volunteer positions in disaster prone areas. The programme will take place during the August Holidays. You are interested in one of the positions. Write a letter inquiring the following: Age limit, level of education, identification documents required, accommodation availability and whether or not they will pay any allowances. Remember to write your letter through the principal addressed to; The Director, Linda Jamii NGO, P.O. Box 150-00100, Nairobi. 20marks 2. Read the passage below and fill in each blank space with the most appropriate word. 10 marks There is a growing a .that toxic masculinity, if not b .................., will destroy many boys across the globe. Statistics of rape violence and murder crimes often c .an accusing finger to men for their efforts to d .their manhood. There is nothing in the genetic makeup of boys that gives them a bias for social wrongs. The problem is nothing e ...........................the consequence of nurture. As such there is a f .to correct this incongruity and guarantee our boys a stable fatherhood and a happy family life in their later years. This can only be done through a thorough scrutiny or the socialization g ..that boys under go. Boys h be given life lessons to i them with what is expected of a man and a father. Somebody should also walk them j .the turbulence of adolescence. 3 a Read the narrative below and then answer the questions that follow 9marks Narrator: Catch a story Audience: We catch it Once upon a time, there was an ogre that had eaten many people. One day, some hunters decided to hunt for this animal. It was found sleeping deeply after feeding on a man. When the ogre heard the footsteps of the hunters, it woke up and ran as fast as its legs could carry it. When it reached a garden, it found a woman digging.


It was found sleeping deeply after feeding on a man. When the ogre heard the footsteps of the hunters, it woke up and ran as fast as its legs could carry it. When it reached a garden, it found a woman digging. The ogre told the woman: There are people who want to kill me for nothing, Pease help me. The woman hid the animal until the hunters had gone far away. When they were gone, the woman told the ogre to go away. But when the animal came out of the hiding place, it asked for food. The woman said: You asked for protection from the hunters chase. Now you ask for food. There is no food. The ogre said: If there is no food, you are going to be my food for today. The animal then ate the woman. From: The Oral Literature of the Kalenjin by C. Chesaina, Nairobi EAEP, 1991 . I What is the function of the salutation at the beginning of this narrative? 1mark ii Explain how you would deliver the first utterance of the ogre so as to bring the intended meaning 2marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 2 iii What specific gesture would you use to perform the 3rd sentence of the narrative? 2marks iv Which tone of voice would you use to say the woman s response when the ogre demanded for food? 2marks v As an audience listening to this story, how would you react to the last 2 lines of the narrative? 2marks b Provide homophones for each of the words in bold in the sentence below 5marks The lesson is taking place on the opposite side of the road and the venue is fully packed so you have to wait in the visitor s suite c Underline the stressed syllable in each of the following words. 5marks i Promote ii Treatment iii Society iv Target v Contact d You are the school captain and you have been requested to give a Speech during one of the Schools annual general meeting. What challenges are you likely to face 5mark e For each of the following situations below, write what you would say.


2marks b Provide homophones for each of the words in bold in the sentence below 5marks The lesson is taking place on the opposite side of the road and the venue is fully packed so you have to wait in the visitor s suite c Underline the stressed syllable in each of the following words. 5marks i Promote ii Treatment iii Society iv Target v Contact d You are the school captain and you have been requested to give a Speech during one of the Schools annual general meeting. What challenges are you likely to face 5mark e For each of the following situations below, write what you would say. 6marks i You are in a discussion and you wish to interrupt ii The principal has pardoned you for the offence you committed iii You are in a debate and you strongly differ with our opponent iv You were unable to attend a meeting because your child was sick. V Would you mind a cup of coffee? CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO EXAM-2023 101 2 ENGLISH PAPER 2 COMPREHENSION, LITERARY APPRECIATION AND GRAMMAR JULY-AUGUST-2023 . 1. COMPREHENSION 20MARKS Read the passage below and answer the question that follow. America has a long tradition of creativity. The expression Yankee ingenuity is an acknowledgement of this trait present Americans with a novel problem, especially technological and they are likely to come up with the solution sooner rather than later. That is the positive side. The downside is that in policy matters, Americans sometime come up with the solutions and then look for personal problems on which to test them. Washington D.C , perhaps more than any other city in the world, has many solutions seeking problems to lock onto. If the solution are successful, domestically or internationally, you can expect any amount of excitement and chest thumping, which is another hallmark of the American character. Modesty is frowned upon as something for sissies or failures. Countries and people are ready paradigm of winners and losers. Woe unto you if are a loser . You will endure all manner of taunts and putdowns. To escape this fate, most Americans-including those who are demonstrably poor, call themselves middle class, which probably they are when compared to the poor in other places. But poverty is relative to immediate environment not to some distant places.


Never mind that there have been numerous turning points in Iraqi s tortured post-invasion experience. The winners were emerging. A few voices have urged caution but they are drowned out by the self-congratulation that has engulfed just about every major media outlet here. It is reminiscent of the chatter that followed Saddam Hussein s capture. That was another turning point. The irony is that America has been through this before, in a different place, with almost the exact same headlines. In the late 1967, many American newspapers published flowery and upbeat stories on the elections held in South Vietnam at the height of the war. The turnout was nearly 83 despite Vietcong terror. The election was declared a success and a turning point that would lead to stabilization of the country and eventual defeat of the insurgents. Of course, nothing of the sort happened. History does not invariably repeat itself. Sometimes it does. Whatever one might think of it, history does always serve up many lessons. One of them is that a dose of modesty is always in order when confronted with vast historical forces or when seeking to rearrange complex societies their go hundreds, if not thousands, of years back. What may look like victory as first sight may turn out to be another opening to a complex and trying situation that control produce winners or losers. It looks like this what is emerging in Iraq. The millions who headed to the polls on the instruction of their electrical leaders remember Grand Ayatollah Sistani declared it a religious duty to vote? May or may not have had a clear idea of what society were hoping to create. Their leaders probably do. Iraqis voted and they are justifiably proud of it. However, this should not be made to look like a first in the Islamic world, as it is being painted in the media. Not too long ago, an Islamic party had won a clear and convincing victory in free and fair election in Algeria. It was never allowed to assume power. The international authorities desisted from calling the denial an affront to democratic practice. The man who cancelled the Algerian election results if feted in the very same quarter that now preach democracy. Society s broken tyranny, war, fragmentation and other ills are not served by putdowns of important segments within them. The approach may produce winners in the short term but for more losers in the end. Moreover, here we are talking of those who could lose everything, including their lives, on a mass scale.


Society s broken tyranny, war, fragmentation and other ills are not served by putdowns of important segments within them. The approach may produce winners in the short term but for more losers in the end. Moreover, here we are talking of those who could lose everything, including their lives, on a mass scale. A little modest may just be what is needed to get people across the divide talking. After all, in the end, we are all losers. Questions a What is the negative side of America s long tradition of creativity? 2marks b Woe unto you if you are a loser. What does the author mean by this statement? 2marks c Identify and explain an instance of irony in this passage. 3marks d What is the author s attitude towards the Americans? Give reason for your answer. 2marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 4 e and the losers are Neanderthals; Explain how the Neanderthals became losers according to this passage. 2marks f What according to the passage is referred to as spinning? 2marks g Identify one American policy discussed in this passage. 2marks h Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the passage. 5marks i Ingenuity ii Hallmark iii Engulfed iv Humongous v Invariably Question 2 Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow. Mrs. Linde But how can this well-bred man be so tactless? Nora: I don t understand you at all Mrs Linde Don t prevaricate, Nora. Do you suppose I don t guess who lent you the two hundred and Fifty pounds? Nora: Are you out of your senses? How can you think of such a thing ! A friend of ours Who comes here every day! Do you realize what a horribly painful position that would be? Mrs. Linde: Then it really isn t he? Nora: No, certainly not. It would never have entered into my head for a moment. Besides, He had no money to lend then; he came into his money afterwards. Mrs.Linde Well. I think that was lucky for you, my dear Nora.


Besides, He had no money to lend then; he came into his money afterwards. Mrs.Linde Well. I think that was lucky for you, my dear Nora. Nora No, it would never have come into my head to ask Doctor Rank. Although I am quite sure that if I had asked him- Mrs. Linde But of course you won t. Nora Of course not I have no reason to think it could possibly be necessary. But I am quite sure that if told Doctor Rank- Mrs.Linde: Behind your husband s back? Nora I must make an end of it with the other one, and that will be behind his back too. I must make an end of it with him. Mrs.Linde: Yes. That is what I told you yesterday, but- Nora walking up and down A man can put a thing like that straight much easier than a woman- Mrs. Linde: One s husband, yes. Nora: Nonsense Standing still When you pay off a debt you get your bond back, don t you? Mrs. Linde: Yes, as a matter of course Nora: And can tear it into a hundred thousand pieces, and burn it up-the nasty dirty paper! Mrs. Linde: Looks hard at her, lays down her sewing and gets up slowly Nora, You are concealing something from me Nora: Do I look as if I were? Mrs.Linde: Something has happened to you since yesterday morning. Nora, what is it? QUESTIONS a What happens immediately after this excerpt 3marks b Discuss any two concerns brought out in this excerpt 4marks c How is Mrs. Linde depicted in this excerpt. 4marks d But of course you won t- add a question tag . 1mark e Nora. No it would never have come into my head to ask Dr Rank. Although I am quite sure that if I had asked him . Www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 5 From elsewhere in the text, why is Nora so confident that Dr Rank would not fail her. 3marks f Identify any two stylistic features evident in the above excerpt 4marks g Which is the nasty dirty paper referred to by Nora in this excerpt. 2marks h Give the meaning of the following words Phrases used.


Www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 5 From elsewhere in the text, why is Nora so confident that Dr Rank would not fail her. 3marks f Identify any two stylistic features evident in the above excerpt 4marks g Which is the nasty dirty paper referred to by Nora in this excerpt. 2marks h Give the meaning of the following words Phrases used. 4marks i Prevaricate ii Tactless iii Concealing iv Behind your husband back. Question 3 Oral Narrative Read the following narrative and answer the questions that follows. 20marks A long time ago, there were two men who had been friends for many years. They were like brothers. Now , there came a time when they both wanted to get married. They decided would marry one woman with whom they had both fallen in love. Between the two of them they had enough bride wealth to pay for the woman, because each of them had half the required bride price. The woman s father accepted the bride wealth and gave permission for his daughter to get married to the two young men. The made an agreement among themselves and laid down conditions that were going to guide them in sharing this woman as a wife . One of the friends chose to have exclusive right to the woman s from the waist to the legs while the other one chose from the waist upwards to the head. Whenever the man who had chosen the upper part desired the woman, he called her into his house and had a pat on her and that was all. The other man who had chosen the lower parts took the woman to his house for the night. This arrangement worked until the woman became pregnant. After delivery. The friend who owned the upper part said to the woman, I won t allow you to breastfeed because the baby isn t mine. The woman objected loudly saying , But the baby is mine and the breast are also mine so I ll have to breast feed it. No, and yes, the baby is yours and my friends, but the breasts happen to be yours and mine, so you and my friends should try to get milk for your baby from elsewhere. I don t want you to feed it from your breasts, The man was serious and the woman got very worried.


After delivery. The friend who owned the upper part said to the woman, I won t allow you to breastfeed because the baby isn t mine. The woman objected loudly saying , But the baby is mine and the breast are also mine so I ll have to breast feed it. No, and yes, the baby is yours and my friends, but the breasts happen to be yours and mine, so you and my friends should try to get milk for your baby from elsewhere. I don t want you to feed it from your breasts, The man was serious and the woman got very worried. Perhaps my friend who owns your upper part can pay me back the part of the bride wealth I paid for you then he can have you as his wife and you won t have to be a wife to both of us, the other husband offered. However, he knew very well that his friend had neither money, cattle nor anything else which he could refund to him as part of the bride wealth he had paid for their wife. The matter was taken to the elders for discussion and settlement. After much consultations, it was decided that, that woman should be married to the man who owned the upper part of the body as the baby had to be fed. The friends disagreed and had their first serious quarrel. The situation was critical, so the father of the baby conceded and allowed his friend to refund the share of the bride wealth he had paid. It was then agreed by the elders that the woman should be exclusively married to the man who owned the breasts. This development marked the end of the friendship between the two young men. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 6 QUESTIONS a Classify the above genre 2marks b Identify the typical features of oral narrative evident in the genre above. 4marks c What makes relationship between the two friends ironical? 2marks d Comment on the character traits of the two husbands. 4marks e Which is the most appropriate audience for the above oral narrative? 2marks f Highlight two social activities evident in the above oral narrative. 2marks g What is the attitude of this society towards women? 3marks h The situation was critical, so the father of the baby conceded and allowed his friend to refund the share of the bride wealth he had paid.


B He had his dog put down because it was in a lot of paint from its tumors. CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO EXAM-2023 ENGLISH 101 3 PAPER 3 Creative composition and essays based on set texts JULY-AUGUST-2023 Answer three questions only. 1. Imaginative Composition Compulsory 20marks Either a Write a story ending with, that experience marked a turning point in my life. Or b Discuss the effects of uncontrolled use of social media amongst students. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 7 2. The Compulsory set Test : H.R Ole Kulet, Blossoms of the Savannah 20marks When we get obsessed with material gains, we could forget the most valuable things in our possession for us to live a fulfilled life. Write an essay in response to this assertion, referring to the Character of Ole Kaelo in H.R. Ole Kulet s Blossoms of the Savannah. 3. The Optional Set Texts. 20marks Either a The short Story: A Silent Song and other stories by Godwin Siundu Ed Humans are deceitful in nature and can live in pretence before revealing their true nature. Write an essay in support of this. Use the story The Truly Married by Aboise Niol. OR b Drama: David Mulwa. Inheritance. When a leader fails to take a stand and shun foreign influence, they are bound to fail. Discuss the truth in the above statement. Refer closely to the play Inheritance by David Mulwa. OR c The Novel, An Artist of the Floating World by Kazuo Ishigiro. War and Conflict can have long lasting effects in the life of an individual. Write an essay asserting to the truth in the above statement.


OR c The Novel, An Artist of the Floating World by Kazuo Ishigiro. War and Conflict can have long lasting effects in the life of an individual. Write an essay asserting to the truth in the above statement. CEKENAS END OF TERM TWO EXAM-2023 ENGLISH PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME Q.1 Expect a format letter Format- Writer s Address- 1mark Date- mark Recipient s Address- 1mark Through Address- 1mark Salutation mark Reference- 1mark Closing tag- mark Signature Name mark Total 6marks Content : Expression of interest must specify position 1mark Inquires Age- 1mark Education- 1mark must elaborate Identification- 1mark Accommodation- mark Allowances mark Concluding remarks- 1mark Total 6marks www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 17 EASTERN CLUSTER EVALUATION 2023 101 1 ENGLISH PAPER 1 Functional Skills 1. You are the secretary of your school s Agriculture Club. You are organizing to sell some vegetables in order to raise money for the needy students in the school. A Write a notice of sale to be displayed on the school s notice board. 8 marks b During the sale, you are caught stealing some items by the club patron. The case is forwarded to the deputy principal. Write a letter to the deputy principal apologizing for the incident. 12 marks 2. Read the passage below and fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word. 10mks Debate 1 climate change dominates the dry season but fades away 2 .. it rains. For instance, it was a hot topic when the country was experiencing 3 . Drought a few month ago, before the heavy rains that are wreaking havoc in various 4 . Of the country began. The discussions prompted the Deputy President, in February, to issue a 90 days moratorium on timber harvesting in public and community forests, ordering the Environment Cabinet Secretary to 5 a task force on the wanton destruction of forests.


Drought a few month ago, before the heavy rains that are wreaking havoc in various 4 . Of the country began. The discussions prompted the Deputy President, in February, to issue a 90 days moratorium on timber harvesting in public and community forests, ordering the Environment Cabinet Secretary to 5 a task force on the wanton destruction of forests. The Green belt movement s Marion Kamau led 10-member team 6 since handed in its report, recommending an overhaul of the Kenya Forest service Board and Management. Predictably, the climate change 7 .. has since waned. Climate change simply refers to 8 of weather patterns that lead 9 extreme events such as a rise in temperatures, excessive rainfall, storms, floods and droughts. In less 10 ... ten months, we have felt the full brunt of climate change. 3. A Read the following poem and answer the questions that follow. Against idleness and mischief How doth the little busy bee Improve each shining hour, And gather honey all day From every opening flower! How skillfully she builds her cell How neat she spreads the wax! And labours hard to store it well With the sweet food she makes. In works of labour or of skill I would be busy too For Satan finds some mischief still For idle hands to do. In books, or work, or healthful play Let my first years be past, That I may give for every day Some good account at last. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 18 Questions i Describe the rhyme scheme of this poem. 2 marks ii Explain how you would perform the following line: How neat she spreads the wax! 2 marks iii Describe the tone of voice that you would use in reading the second stanza of this poem. 2 marks . B Read the tongue twister below and answer the questions that follow. She sells sea shells at the sunny sea shore i Identify and comment on two sound patterns found in the above item. 2 mks ii State two functions of the genre above. 2 mks c Your friends are visiting you and they don t know where you live. What factors would you consider when giving them directions?


2 mks ii State two functions of the genre above. 2 mks c Your friends are visiting you and they don t know where you live. What factors would you consider when giving them directions? 4 marks d Paying attention to the consonants in bold in each of the following words, underline the odd one out. 5 marks i heifer physics shepherd ii phobia voice father iii join gesture target iv merchant parachute arch v walked dried grazed e Indicate whether you would use a rising or falling intonation at the end of the following sentences. 5 marks i What have you taken for lunch? Ii The books were bought today. Iii She really turned down his marriage proposal? Iv How wonderful you look! V The teachers are in a meeting, aren t they? F Your teacher has asked you to hold a discussion on themes in the play A Doll s House . If the discussion is to be effective, what must the members of the group do: i Before the discussion. 3 marks ii During the discussion 3 marks EASTERN CLUSTER EVALUATION - 2023 KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION 101 2 ENGLISH PAPER 2 COMPREHENSION, LITERARY APPRECIATION AND GRAMMAR JULY AUGUST 2023 1. COMPREHENSION 20 marks Read the passage below and then answer questions that follow. The purpose of a group discussion is not to win an argument or to amuse your classmates. The purpose of a discussion is to help each group member explore and discover personal meanings of a text through interaction with other people. Much of our everyday talk is made up of descriptions in which we seek in one way or another to convey ideas to other people. These ideas are usually concerned with what we know. Www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 19 In any learning discussion, communication is the essential issue, and the type of communication in use at any particular moment depends on the nature of understanding of each participant with regard to the topic at hand. Sometimes everyone understands a particular topic, in which case it need not be discussed. Sometimes nobody understands, in which case the group should consult the instructor or the text or else move on if it is not a topic of particular importance or interest.


Www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 19 In any learning discussion, communication is the essential issue, and the type of communication in use at any particular moment depends on the nature of understanding of each participant with regard to the topic at hand. Sometimes everyone understands a particular topic, in which case it need not be discussed. Sometimes nobody understands, in which case the group should consult the instructor or the text or else move on if it is not a topic of particular importance or interest. More commonly, some understand a particular issue and others do not. When this is the situation, those who think they understand may fine, while trying to explain, that they don t understand as well as they thought they did. And by the same token, those who thought they dint understand may find, in the process of formulating their questions and attempting to pinpoint their difficulty that is, thinking out loud , that they can answer their own question. There are two steps which together can appreciably increase the quality of learning, and the enjoyment of all group discussions. These are thoughtful preparation and organization of the discussion period. Unless each member is well prepared the group discussion will flounder. A discussion work sheet will be required for each discussion reading assignment. These work sheets will help you prepare effectively for class and allow the instructor to ascertain that you have indeed done this. A discussion of a novel can be successfully organized. One thing that will ensure this is to understand what the author actually said. There are five steps involved in this phase of discussion. Briefly define all important terms and concepts. This will help ensure that participants aren t talking past one another, by using the terms differently from one another. Then state the author s general point in your own words. In 3 or 4 sentences, what is the author basically trying to get across? Often there is a subtle point which is more important than the most obvious one. Afterwards, identify the major themes and key points in article. Make special note of those which are relevant to the concerns of the course. These will provide the most for discussion. Next allocate a certain amount of time for discussion of each major theme. There is never enough time to cover everything of interest. Budgeting time before you begin helps you pace the discussion so that you make sure you cover the most important topic. Lastly, discuss major themes or key points identified in the third step.


There is never enough time to cover everything of interest. Budgeting time before you begin helps you pace the discussion so that you make sure you cover the most important topic. Lastly, discuss major themes or key points identified in the third step. Emphasize material which is not readily understood by all group members or which seems especially profitable to discuss. Questions a . According to the passage, what is the purpose of a discussion? 2 mks b According to the passage, what actions do group members take when no- one understands the topic? 3 mks c Sometimes everyone understands a particular topic, in which case it need not be discussed. Substitute sometimes with when 1 mk d What are the steps which increase the quality of enjoyment of group discussion? 2 mks e Unless each member is well prepared the group discussion will flounder. Begin: The group 1 mk f How important are worksheets to the discussion? 2 mks g In note form, summarize the steps involved in understanding what the author said. 5 mks h Give the meaning of the following as used in the passage. 4 mks i Essential ii Pinpoint iii Ascertain iv Subtlewww.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 20 2. Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow. 25 marks A DOLL S HOUSE by Henrik Ibsen Krogstad: Controlling himself Listen to me, Mrs. Helmer. If necessary, I am prepared to fight for my small post in the Bank as if I were fighting for my life. Nora: So it seems. Krogstad: It is not only for the sake of the money; indeed, that weights least with me in the matter. There is another reason well, I may we well tell you. My position is this. I daresay you know, like everybody else, that once, many years ago, I was guilty of an indiscretion. Nora: I think I have heard something of the kind. Krogstad: The matter never came into court; but every way seemed to be closed to me after that. So I took to the business that you know of. I had to do something and, honestly, I don t think I ve been one of the worst.


Krogstad: The matter never came into court; but every way seemed to be closed to me after that. So I took to the business that you know of. I had to do something and, honestly, I don t think I ve been one of the worst. But now I must cut myself free from all that. My sons are growing up; for their sake I must try and win back as much respect as I can in the town. The post in the Bank was like the first step up for me. And now your husband is going to kick me downstairs again into the mud. Nora: But you must believe me, Mr. Krogstad; it is not in my power to help you at all. Krogstad: Then it is because you haven t the will, but I have means to compel you. Nora: You don t mean that you will tell my husband that I owe you money? Krogstad: Hm! Suppose I were to tell him? Nora: I would be perfectly infamous of you. Sobbing to think of his learning my secret, which has been my joy and pride, in such an ugly, clumsy way that he should learn it from you! And it would out me in ah horribly disagreeable position. Krogstad: Only disagreeable? Nora: Impetuously well, do it, then! And it will be the worse of you. My husband will see for himself what a blackguard you are, and you certainly won t keep your post them. Krogstad: I asked you if it was only a disagreeable scene at home that you were afraid of? Nora: If my husband does get to know of it, of course he will at once pay you what is still owing, and we shall have nothing more to do with you. Krogstad: Coming a step nearer Listen to me, Mrs. Helmer. Either you have a very bad memory or you know very little of business. I shall be obliged to remind you of a few details. Questions a What happens just before this excerpt? 2 mks b Identify and illustrate any two themes evident in the excerpt. 4 mks c Using about fifty words, summarize why Krogstad is prepared to fight for the small post in the bank. 5 mks d Identify and illustrate any one character trait of each of the following characters.


2 mks b Identify and illustrate any two themes evident in the excerpt. 4 mks c Using about fifty words, summarize why Krogstad is prepared to fight for the small post in the bank. 5 mks d Identify and illustrate any one character trait of each of the following characters. 4 mks i Krogstad ii Nora e Identify and illustrate any two stylistic devices used in the excerpt. 4 mks f Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the extract. 2 mks i Compel: ii Blackguard: g I shall be obliged to remind you of a few details. Which are those details? 4 mks 3. Read the narrative below and then answer the questions that follow. 20 marks Long ago, there was famine in Gikuyu land. This famine had made the cows and goats to die. Only human beings were left and even them, it could be seen that they were not going to live much longer. Now the people asked themselves, What shall we do? It was decided that the most beautiful girl, one called Wanjiru should be sacrificed to god so that the rain could fall. She was brought to a place where there was a big river. She started to sing:www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 21 Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green My father said I should be lost. I should be lost My mother said I should be lost. I should be lost Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green She went down on her knee, she sang: Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green My father said I should be lost, I should be lost Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green The water reached the waist, she sang Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green My father said I should be lost, I should be lost My mother said I should be lost, I should be lost Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green The water reached the neck, she sang Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green My father said I should be lost, I should be lost My mother said I should be lost, I should be lost Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green The head went in Very heavy rains fell on this land.


She started to sing:www.freekcsepastpapers.com ENGLISH PAPER 1, 2 3 21 Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green My father said I should be lost. I should be lost My mother said I should be lost. I should be lost Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green She went down on her knee, she sang: Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green My father said I should be lost, I should be lost Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green The water reached the waist, she sang Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green My father said I should be lost, I should be lost My mother said I should be lost, I should be lost Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green The water reached the neck, she sang Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green My father said I should be lost, I should be lost My mother said I should be lost, I should be lost Rain fall and make this ridge green Make this ridge green The head went in Very heavy rains fell on this land. The grass grew, a lot of food and the people began to feel better. Now where Wanjiru went she found her people who had died before her. These people had a lot of cows and goats. Now they asked her what she would like. She said she wanted cows and goats. She was given many goats and cows and then she was told to lie down in a place. When she woke up she found that she had returned back to her people. She woke up at a place where there was a river and she had her cows and goats. Now when the people saw her they rejoiced greatly. The story ends there. Questions a Why do you think this community chooses a beautiful girl such as Wanjiru to be sacrificed to god so as to receive rain? 2 mks b State two functions this song serves in this narrative? 2mark c Describe one character trait of the villagers in this narrative. 2 marks d In point form, list how events unfold in this story. 5 marks e Illustrate two features of oral narratives used in the story. 4 marks f Describe two social-cultural practices of the Agikuyu brought out in this narrative. 4 marks g Very heavy rains fell on this land. 1 mk Begin.