A Explain the role of common salt in defrosting ice on roads in ice cold countries. 1 mark b Explain why the long-term effects of use of common salt is costly to motorists. 1 mark 13. Given the equation below NH3 aq H2O l NH4 aq OH- aq Identify the species that acts as; H HHHwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 234 i A base. Explain 1 mark ii An acid. Mark 14. A State Grahams law of diffusion. 1mark b The rate of diffusion of Sulphur IV oxide gas through a porous material is 40cm3s 1. Calculate the rate of diffusion of carbon IV oxide gas through the same porous material S 32,O 16,C 12 2 marks 15. Describe how a solid sample of lead II chloride can be prepared using the following reagents: dilute nitric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid and lead carbonate 3 marks 16. The production of ammonia is given by the equation i State and explain the effect of addition of dilute hydrochloride acid on equilibrium. 2 marks ii Explain the effect of increase in temperature on the yield of ammonia. 2 marks 17. Cr2O72- 14 H aq 6Fe2 Cr23 7H2O l 6Fe3 . The above equation show a redox reaction a Calculate the oxidation state of chromium in Cr2O72- 2 marks b What is the role of H in the above reaction. 1 mark 18. A Define the standard heat of formation. 1 mark b Draw energy cycle diagram to show how the standard heat of formation of ethanol C2H5OH can be determined from standard heats of combustion of its elements. 2 marks c Given that HC C - 393kJmole-1, HC H2 -286kJmole-1 and HC C2H5OH - 1368kJmole-1. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of C2H5OH. 2 marks 19.


2 marks c Given that HC C - 393kJmole-1, HC H2 -286kJmole-1 and HC C2H5OH - 1368kJmole-1. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of C2H5OH. 2 marks 19. 3.78g of a hydrated salt of iron II sulphate, FeSO4, in H2O were heated until all the water of crystallization was driven off. The anhydrous salt left had a mass of 1.52g. Determine the formula of the hydrated salt. Fe 56, S 32, H 1, O 16 3 marks 20. A steady current of 0.2 Amperes was passed through molten silver bromide for 80 minutes. A Calculate the quantity of electricity that passed through the set up. 1 mark b Calculate the mass of product deposited at the cathode. 1F 96500C; Ag 108, Br 80 2 marks c If a sample of cobalt has an activity of 1000 counts per minute, determine the time it would take for its activity to decrease to 62.50 if the half-life of the element is 30 minutes. 2 marks 21. The apparatus set up below was used to prepare an anhydrous solid P a Write an equation for formation of solid P 1 mark b Suppose the gas used in the set up was dry hydrogen chloride gas; what would be the product obtained after the reaction? Give a reason for your answer. 1 mark 22. Aluminium is obtained from the ore with the formula Al2O3. 2H2O. The ore is first heated and refined to obtain pure aluminium oxide Al2O3 . The oxide is then electrolysed to get Aluminium and oxygen gas using carbon anodes and carbon as cathode. A Give the common name of the ore from where aluminium is extracted from. Mark b What would be the importance of heating the ore first before refining it? 1 mark c The refined ore has to be dissolved in cryolite first before electrolysis. Why is this necessary?


Mark b What would be the importance of heating the ore first before refining it? 1 mark c The refined ore has to be dissolved in cryolite first before electrolysis. Why is this necessary? 1 mark d Why are the carbon anodes replaced every now and then in the cell for electrolysing aluminium oxide? 1 mark 23. Use the cell representation below to answer the questions that follow V s V3 aq Fe2 aq Fe s i Write the equation for the cell reaction 1 mark ii If the E.M.F of the cell is 0.30 volts and the E value for V3 aq V s is -0.74V, calculate the E of Fe2 aq Fe s 2 marks 24. When 50cm3 1M potassium hydroxide was reacted with 50cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid, the temperature rose by 80C. When the same volume of Potassium hydroxide was reacted with 50cm3 of 1M Pentanoic acid, the temperature rose by 30C. www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 235 i Give reasons for the above difference in temperature. 2 marks ii Write an equation to show dissociation of pentanoic acid? 1 mark 25. The following is structural formula of polyester. OCHOCOO2CH2CH2C a Draw the structural formula and name the alkanoic acid and alkanol that react to form the polymer. 2 marks b Give one use of polyester. 1 mark 26. A heavy metal P was dissolved in dilute nitric acid to form a solution of compound P NO3 2. Portions of the resulting solution were treated as follows: a To the first portion a solution of dilute hydrochloric acid is added, where a white precipitate S is formed, which dissolves on warming. B The second portion is treated with two drops of 2M Sodium hydroxide solution where a white precipitate T is formed. The white precipitate dissolved in excess sodium hydroxide to form a colourless solution. C A solution of potassium iodide is added to the third portion where a yellow precipitate U is formed.


B The second portion is treated with two drops of 2M Sodium hydroxide solution where a white precipitate T is formed. The white precipitate dissolved in excess sodium hydroxide to form a colourless solution. C A solution of potassium iodide is added to the third portion where a yellow precipitate U is formed. D When the resulting solution is evaporated to dryness and heated strongly a yellow solid V is formed and a brown gas W and a colourless gas X are formed. Identify the substances P, S, T, U, V, W. 3 marks 27. The graphs below were drawn when 15g of marble chips in different physical states were reacted with 50cm3 of 2M Hydrochloric acid. They are drawn by measuring the volume of carbon iv oxide produced with time. A Which curves corresponds to the reactions involving powdered calcium carbonate and large sized marble chips with the dilute acid? I Powdered calcium carbonate mark ii Large sized calcium carbonate mark b All the graphs eventually flatten out at the same level but at different time. Why do the graphs flatten out at the same level? 1 mark c Why is curve A very steep at any given point compared to the other curves? 1 mark Volume of Co 50Curve A Curve BCurve CTime4050www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 236 28. Sodium thiosulphate was reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid in a round bottomed flask as shown below. The gas evolved was collected by downward delivery in a gas jar. A Write an equation to show the reaction going on in the reaction in vessel. 1 mark b State the observation noted on the filter paper. Give a reason for your answer. 1 mark c Give a reason why the filter paper soaked in the acidified potassium chromium VI is used at the top of the flask 1 mark Dilute hydrochloric acidCardboard covermoisty filter paper soaked in acidified potassium chromium vi solutionsodium thiosulphatewww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 237 FORM IV TRIAL 2 EXAMINATIONS, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education K.C.S.E 233 2 CHEMISTRY Paper 2 THEORY Time: 2 Hours 1.


State how the two substances differ as conductors of electric current. 2marks 2. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 238 R CONa O a Name ore N 1mark b Explain why the ore is first dissolved in excess sodium hydroxide solution. 1mark c Name the major compound present in the residue. 1mark d Give the formula of the aluminium compound present in solution 1mark e i Explain how to obtain aluminium hydroxide from solution X 1mark ii Write equation for reaction that takes place in e above 1mark iii What is the role of cryolite in the extraction of aluminium. 1mark f Aluminium is a good conductor of electricity. State two uses of aluminium based on this property. 2marks g If sodium carbonate is added to aluminium nitrate solution, effervescence occurs. Explain. 2marks 3. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow. A Give the names of the following i Compound K 1mark ii Substance Y 1mark iii Product obtained in step 4 1mark b Identify the type of reaction that takes place in step 1 and give one other condition necessary for the reaction other than the temperature indicated. Type of reaction . 1mark Condition 1mark c Draw the structural formula of the following i Polymer M 1mark ii Acid Q 1mark d Give the industrial application for the reaction in step 3 1mark e Write chemical equations for the reactions in step 6 and step 7. 2marks f The following are structures of two cleansing agents. R SO Na In the table below, give one advantage and one disadvantage of each of them. 2marks Cleansing Agent Advantage Disadvantage R-COO-Na R-OSO3-Na 4. The standard reduction potentials for five half cells are shown in the table below. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbol of elements .


The standard reduction potentials for five half cells are shown in the table below. Study it and answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbol of elements . Elements E Volts i 09.1 aqaqAeA ii 13.022 SaqQeQ iii 37.222 SaqReRwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 239 iv 34.022 SaqYeY v 00.0222 SaqSeS I a With a reason, identify the strongest reducing agent. 1mark b Which half-cell is likely to be hydrogen? 1mark c Write an equation for the reaction between two half cells in ii and IV . 1mark d Calculate the e.m.f of the cell in c above. 2mark II. The diagram below represents a mercury cell that can be used in the industrial manufacture of sodium hydroxide. Study it and answer the questions that follow:- a Name: i Raw material introduced at 2. Mark ii Another substance that can be used in the cell instead of graphite. Mark b Identify the by-product that comes out at I. 1 mark c Write an equation for the reaction: - i That occurred at the anode. 1 mark ii In which sodium hydroxide was produced. 1 mark d Give two reasons why mercury is recycled. 2 marks e State one use of sodium hydroxide 1mark 5. The flow chart below illustrates two industrial processes. Haber process and the contact process. A Name the process of obtaining nitrogen from atmospheric air. 1mark b List TWO sources of obtaining large volumes of hydrogen for industrial use. 2 marks c Write equation for Haber process. 1mark d Name the catalysts for: 1mark i Haber process ii Contact processwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 240 e Identify substances: 1mark i D .


1mark b List TWO sources of obtaining large volumes of hydrogen for industrial use. 2 marks c Write equation for Haber process. 1mark d Name the catalysts for: 1mark i Haber process ii Contact processwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 240 e Identify substances: 1mark i D . Ii C . F Give ONE major use of compound D 1mark g Write an equation for dilution of C with water. 1mark h A farmer has three plots each measuring 0.25 acres. He applied nitrogenous fertilizers as follows. -. Plot A 250 kg of ammonium phosphate - plot B 250 kg of urea CO NH2 2 - Plot C 250kg of ammonium nitrate Which plot received the highest nitrogen content? 3marks H 1, N 14, 0 16. P 31, C 12. 6. Study the diagram below and answer the questions which follow. I State two observations made when hydrogen gas pass over hot Lead II oxide. 2marks ii Write the equation for the reaction which occurs in the combustion tube. 1mark iii What property of hydrogen is shown in the experiment above. 1mark iv Identify liquid M and describe the test for its purity 2marks v What would be observed if MgO was used instead of Lead II Oxide: Explain 2marks vi What is the colour of the flame 1mark vii Write a chemical equation of the reaction producing the flame. 1mark vii Apart from hydrogen peroxide, state two other reagents that can be used to prepare oxygen gas. 1mark viii Write an equation to show how hydrogen gas is formed from the reagents chosen in vii above. 1mark 7. I.


Repeat procedure II three more times and record the temperatures in table 1. RETAIN the contents of the boiling tube for use in PROCEDURE II. TABLE 1 Volume of water in the boiling tube cm3 Crystallization temperature C Solubility of solid P in g 100 g of water 4 6 8 10 12 4marks a Complete table 1 above by working out the solubility. 1 mark b On the graph provided, plot a graph of solubility of solid P against crystallization temperature. 3marks c From the graph, determine; i The solubility of solid P at 50 C 1 mark ii The temperature at which 65 g of solid P would dissolve in 100 g of water 1 mark Procedure II i Transfer the contents of the boiling tube from PROCEDURE I into a clean 250 ml volumetric flask. Ii Add distilled water up to the mark iii Label the resulting solution as solution P iv Fill the burette with solution P v Pipette 25cm3 of solution L into a conical flask. Add three drops of phenolphthalein indicator vi Titrate solution P against solution L to an accurate end point. Record your results in table 2 below. 4 marks TABLE 2 1 2 3 Final burette reading Initial burette reading Volume of solution P used cm3 www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 243 a Calculate Average volume of solution P used. 1mark b i Moles of solution L used. 1 mark ii Moles of solution P used. 1 mark iii Moles of solution P in 250 cm3 of solution P 1 mark iv The relative formula mass of P. 1 mark c Determine the value of n in the formula; H2C2O4.nH2O H 1, C 12, O 16 2marks 2. You are provided with solid E. Carry out the experiments below. Write your observations and inferences in the spaces provided. Place all solid E into a boiling tube. Add about 20cm3 of distilled water and shake. Retain the contents of the boiling tube.


Place all solid E into a boiling tube. Add about 20cm3 of distilled water and shake. Retain the contents of the boiling tube. Observations inferences 1 mark 1 mark Use 2cm3 of solution E, in a test tube in each experiment i, ii, iii, iv and v i. To experiment i, Add two drops of aqueous Sulphuric vi acid Observations inferences 1 mark 1 mark ii. To experiment ii, add NaOH solution drop wise till in excess. Observations inferences 1 mark 1 mark iii. To experiment iii, dip a stirring rod into the solution, place the rod in a non-luminous flame. Observations inferences 1 mark 1 mark iv. To experiment iv, add two drops of lead ii nitrate solution. Observations inferences 1 mark 1 mark v. To experiment v, add a piece of aluminium foil followed by sodium hydroxide solution and warm. Test the gas given out with litmus papers. Observations inferences 2 marks 1 mark 3. You are provided with liquid Q. carry out the tests below. Write your observations and inferences in the spaces provided. I . To 2 cm3 of liquid Q in a test tube, add universal indicator Observations inferences 1 mark 1 mark ii . Place 3 drops of liquid Q on a watch glass and ignite. Observations inferences 1 mark 1 mark iii . To 2 cm3 of liquid Q in a test tube , add two or three drops of acidified potassium dichromate VI and warm Observations inferences 1 mark 1 markwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 250 GATUNDU SOUTH JOINT EXAMINATION, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 233 1 CHEMISTRY PAPER 1 THEORY 2 HOURS Answer all the questions. 1. Describe the non luminous flame of a Bunsen burner and give a reason why it s preferred when heating substances in the laboratory. 3mks 2. The table below gives some properties of gases M and N Describe how one would obtain a sample of gas N from a mixture of gases M and N 2mks 3. The following results were obtained trying to determine the solubility of copper II sulphate in water at 400 C.


Hydrogen sulphide gas was bubbled through a solution of zinc nitrate for some time. I State the observation made. 1mark ii Where should the experiment be carried out and why? 1mark iii Write the equation of the reaction that occurs 1mark 25. 25cm3 of 0.12M Potassium Hydroxide solution required 30cm3 of a solution of a dibasic acid H2X for complete neutralization. The acid contained 3.15g per 500cm3 solution. Calculate i The molarity of the acid solution. 2marks ii The relative molecular mass of the acid. 1mark www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 254 26. In the Haber process, the industrial manufacture of ammonia is given by the following equation; i Give one source of the Hydrogen that is used in the process 1 mk ii Name the catalyst used in the above reaction iii What is the effect of increasing temperature on yield of ammonia? Explain. 1 mk 27. Study the diagram shown below to answer the questions that follow. The curve shows heating curve of water in the laboratory. I At what temperature does the water boil? 1mark ii Is the curve for a pure water or impure water? Give a reason for your answer. 2marks iii Give the effect of impurities on the boiling point of water. 1mark 2 23ggHN 1 KJmolHNHgwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 255 GATUNDU SOUTH JOINT EXAMINATION, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 233 2 CHEMISTRY PAPER 2 THEORY 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Answer ALL questions. Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used. All workings must be clearly shown where necessary. 1. The flow chart given shows an analysis of mixture K that contains two salts. Study it and answer the question that follows. A Name substances L, M and N 1 marks b What condition is necessary for step 1 to take place?


The flow chart given shows an analysis of mixture K that contains two salts. Study it and answer the question that follows. A Name substances L, M and N 1 marks b What condition is necessary for step 1 to take place? 1mark c State the colour changes that the metal oxide undergoes when hot and cold 1mark d Write down an equation to show how i Solution N is formed 1mark ii Colourless solution A and NH3 aq are formed. 1mark e When excess NaOH aq is added to a solution N a white precipitate is formed which subsequently dissolves. Give the name and formula of the complex ion formed 1mark f Ammonia gas bubbled into water forms a solution which conducts electricity whereas the solution formed when it is bubbled through methylbenzene does not. Explain. 2 marks g Boilers used for boiling hard water are normally covered with boiler scales after sometime. I What is the chemical name for boiler scales? 1 mark ii Describe how the boiler scales can be removed? 1 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 256 2. A The diagram below shows a set-up of apparatus that can be used to prepare nitrogen IV oxide. Study it and use it to answer the questions that follow i Write the equation for the reaction that takes place in the boiling tube. 1mark ii Explain why lead II nitrate is preferred over other metal nitrates in this experiment. 2marks iii Describe how gas A can be identified. 1mark iv Name liquid B 1mark b Consider the following reaction: N2 g 3H2 g 2NH3 g H 75KJ Sketch an energy level diagram showing the relative activation energies for the catalysed and uncatalysed reactions using the axes below. 2 marks Energy KJ Reaction path c Given that the lattice energy of calcium chloride is 2237kJmol 1 and the hydration energy of Ca2 aq -1650kJmol 1 and Cl aq -364kJmol 1. Calculate the enthalpy of solution of calcium chloride.


1mark iv Name liquid B 1mark b Consider the following reaction: N2 g 3H2 g 2NH3 g H 75KJ Sketch an energy level diagram showing the relative activation energies for the catalysed and uncatalysed reactions using the axes below. 2 marks Energy KJ Reaction path c Given that the lattice energy of calcium chloride is 2237kJmol 1 and the hydration energy of Ca2 aq -1650kJmol 1 and Cl aq -364kJmol 1. Calculate the enthalpy of solution of calcium chloride. 2 marks d i Define the term Heat of atomization of a compound. 1mark ii Use the following information to answer the questions that follow. C s O2 g CO2 g H 393kJmol 1 H2 g O2 g H2O g H 285kJmol 1 C2H5OH l 3O2 g 2CO2 g 3H2O g H 1370kJmol 1 Calculate the heat of formation of ethanol. 2marks 3. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letter do not represent the actual symbols of the elements Element A B C D E F G H Atomic number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Boiling point 0c 890 1110 2470 2360 280 445 -34.2 -186 Formula of Oxide BO E2O5 G2O Boiling point of oxide of 0c 1193 3075 2045 1728 563 -72 -91 a Complete the table to show the formulae of the oxides of A, C, D, and F. 2marks b State the period to which the element above belong to.


Study the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letter do not represent the actual symbols of the elements Element A B C D E F G H Atomic number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Boiling point 0c 890 1110 2470 2360 280 445 -34.2 -186 Formula of Oxide BO E2O5 G2O Boiling point of oxide of 0c 1193 3075 2045 1728 563 -72 -91 a Complete the table to show the formulae of the oxides of A, C, D, and F. 2marks b State the period to which the element above belong to. 1mark Lead II nitrate Heat Boiling tube Liquid B Gas A Warm water Icewww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 257 c Select an oxide that reacts with both dilute hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide solution. 1mark d Write an equation for the reaction between the oxide of A and water. 1mark e Explain the difference in boiling point of the chlorides of B and C. 2marks f Write the formula of the compound formed between E and G. 1mark g Explain the difference in the atomic radii of elements D and H. 2marks 4. The flow diagram below is for the extraction of zinc. A Name the chief ore from which zinc is extracted. 1mark b Describe how froth floatation is carried out 2marks c Name the process taking place at I and II 2marks d Explain how zinc liquid is changes to zinc granules. 1mk e Identify the reagent used at stage II. 1 mark f Name two major environmental pollutants likely to be released into the atmosphere 1 mark g Zinc sulphide and sulphuric acid react according to the following equation: ZnS S H2SO4 aq ZnSO4 aq H2S g 2.91g of zinc sulphide reacted with 100cm of 0.2M sulphuric acid. Determine the limiting reagent in this reaction. Zn 65.0, S 32.0 .


1mk b i Draw a diagram to show how an aluminium spoon can be electroplated with copper. 2 marks ii In the experiment to electroplate aluminium spoon, 0.2 amperes were passed through the solution for 1,930 seconds. The mass of the aluminium spoon increased from 6.35 to 6.478 g. Find the charge on a copper ion. 1 Faraday 96,500 coulombs, Cu 64 . 3 marks Step I Step II Step III Step IV Step V MnO2www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 259 c The diagram below represents a mercury cell that can be used in the industrial manufacture of sodium hydroxide. Study it and answer the questions that follow: I Name: i Raw material introduced at 2. Mark ii Another substance that can be used in the cell instead of graphite. Mark II Identify the by-product that comes out at I. 1 mark III Write an equation for the reaction:- i That occurred at the anode. 1 mark ii In which sodium hydroxide was produced. 1 mark IV Give two reasons why mercury is recycled. 1 mark 7. A Petrol is a mixture of hydrocarbons used as a fuel and is obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation. I Define the term fractional distillation 1mk ii Name two gases that pollute the atmosphere as a result of burning in internal combustion engines. 1mk iii Tetraethyl lead is an anti-knock additive that is added to petrol. This petrol additive is however being phased out. Give a reason to this. 1mk iv CF2Cl2 is present in aerosols. Explain how it is a hazard to the atmosphere and give its systematic name. 1 mark v One of the hydrocarbons present in petrol is 3,3-dimethylpentane. C7H16 11O2 7CO2 8H2O, H -4800Kj I. What mass of carbon IV oxide would be produced when 5g of C7H16 were burned? C 12, H 1, O 16 2mks II.


C7H16 11O2 7CO2 8H2O, H -4800Kj I. What mass of carbon IV oxide would be produced when 5g of C7H16 were burned? C 12, H 1, O 16 2mks II. Draw the structural formula of 3,3-dimethylpentane. 1mk b Perspex is a synthetic polymer formed from the monomer below. I Draw a polymer with three repeat units. 1 mark ii A sample of Perspex has a mass of 100,000g. Calculate the number of monomers in the Perspex. 1 mark 1www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 260 c Sodium hexandecanoate sodium palmate commonly known as Imperial Leather soap is manufactured by hydrolysis of palmitic acid using sodium hydroxide as shown. Write the formula of the Imperial Leather soap and the product V. 2 marks Imperial Leather soap Product V Product V 3NaOH Imperial Leather soapwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 261 GATUNDU SOUTH JOINT EXAMINATIONS, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 233 3 CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 CONFIDENTIAL Requirements for each candidate 1. 150 cm3 of solution A 2. 200 cm3 of solution B 3. 60 cm3 of solution X 4. 150 cm3 of solution Z 5. Pipette 6. Burette 7. Thermometer 8. Stop watch 9. 2 conical flasks 10. 1 boiling tube 11. 7 test tubes 12. 2 filter paper and a filter funnel 13. Clean spatula 14. 10 ml measuring cylinder 15. 50 ml 100 ml measuring cylinder 16. Solid Q 1g Na2 CO3 : PbCO3 1:2 17. Solid M. Crushed paracetamol.1 tablet per candidate ACCESS i 2M HNO3 ii 2M HCl iii 2M NH3 iv Acidified KMnO4 v Acidified K2Cr2O7 vi Bromine vii Source of heat viii Tripod stand ix Wire gauze NOTES a.


Solid Q 1g Na2 CO3 : PbCO3 1:2 17. Solid M. Crushed paracetamol.1 tablet per candidate ACCESS i 2M HNO3 ii 2M HCl iii 2M NH3 iv Acidified KMnO4 v Acidified K2Cr2O7 vi Bromine vii Source of heat viii Tripod stand ix Wire gauze NOTES a. Solution B 0.04 M acidified KMNO4 b. Solution A Ferrous ammonium sulphate Fe SO4 NH4 2 SO4 X H2O made by dissolving 8.5 g in 50 cm3 of 2M H2SO4 making it to 250 cm3 c. Solution X which is prepared by dissolving 75.6 g of glucose in about 500 cm3 of distilled water, then making it up to the liter. D. Solution Z, 2 M Sulphuric vi acid. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 262 GATUNDU SOUTH JOINT EXAMINATIONS, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 233 3 CHEMISTRY Paper 3 PRACTICAL Time: 2 Hours Instructions to candidates Answer all the questions You are NOT allowed to start working with the apparatus for the first 15 minutes of the 2 Hours allowed for this paper. This time is to enable you to read the question paper and make sure you have all the chemicals and apparatus that you may need. Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used. All working must clearly be shown where necessary. 1. A You are provided with; i Solution A Ferrous ammonium sulphate FeSO4. NH4 2SO4. XH2O containing 8.5g in 250cm3 of solution ii Solution B 0.04 M acidified potassium manganite VII You are required to determine the value of X in FeSO4. NH4 2SO4. XH2O Procedure I Fill the burette with solution B. Pipette 25.0cm3 of solution A into a clean conical flask and titrate until the solution turns pink. Record your results in table I below.


1 mark ii The concentration of solution A in moles per litre 1 marks iii The concentration of solution A in grams per litre 1 marks iv The relative formula mass of iron II salt 1 marks v The value of X in the formula FeSO4. NH4 2 SO4.XH2O Fe 56, N 14, S 32, O 16 1 mark b You are provided with 2.0 M sulphuric vi acid labeled as solution Z 0.42 M glucose solution labeled as solution X 0.04 M potassium manganate vii labeled as solution B You are required to determine the rate of reaction between aqueous glucose solution and acidified potassium manganate vii at different temperatures. Procedure i Using the 10 cm3 measuring cylinder, place 10 cm3 of solution B into the conical flask ii Rinse the 10 cm3 measuring cylinder and use it to measure 10 cm3 of solution of solution X. Keep it for step belowwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 263 iii Using the 100cm3 or the 50 cm3 measuring cylinder, measure 25 cm3 of solution Z and add it into the conical flask, containing solution B, Heat the mixture to slightly above 65 0c and then remove it from the heat source. Iv Allow the mixture in step 3 to cool to 650c, then add the 10 cm3 of solution X and immediately start the stop watch. V Stir the mixture and note the time taken for the colour of the mixture to change from purple to colourless. Record the time taken in the table below. Vi Rinse the conical flask and the 10 cm3 measuring cylinder and repeat the procedure at temperatures of 600 c, 550c , 500c,and 450c respectively. Record the time taken in the table below in each case. Vii Complete the table by calculating the reciprocal of time 1 t Temperature of the solutions 0c 65 60 55 50 45 Time taken for the purple colour to disappear s 1 t sec- 5mks I. Plot a graph of 1 t y axis against the temperature at the point when the solution becomes colourless 3mks II .


Record the time taken in the table below in each case. Vii Complete the table by calculating the reciprocal of time 1 t Temperature of the solutions 0c 65 60 55 50 45 Time taken for the purple colour to disappear s 1 t sec- 5mks I. Plot a graph of 1 t y axis against the temperature at the point when the solution becomes colourless 3mks II . From the graph a Determine the time that the reaction would take if the temperature at which the solution becomes colourless is 52.50c 2mks b Determine the rate of reaction if the temperature at which the solution becomes colourless is 470c 1mk c Explain the shape of the graph 1mk 2. You are provided with solid Q Carry out the following tests and record your observations and inferences in the spaces provided, a Add about 15 cm3 of distilled water to solid Q and shake. Filter and retain both the filtrate and the residue. I To about 2 cm3 of the filtrate add ammonia solution drop wise until in excess Observations Inferences 1 mark 1 mark ii To about 2 cm3 of the filtrate add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid. Observations Inferences 1 mark 1 mark b i Put the residue in a test tube and add about 10cm3 of dilute nitric v acid and wait for about five minutes To 2 cm3 of the solution add 2 to 3 drops of barium nitrate Observations Inferences 1 mark 1 mark ii To 2 cm3 of the solution add ammonia solution drop wise until in excess Observations Inferences 1 mark 1 mark iii .To 2 cm3 of the solution add 2 to 3 drops of potassium iodide solution Observations Inferences 1 mark 1 mark www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 264 3. You are provided with organic solid M, Carry out the tests below.


KNEC Mathematical tables and silent non-programmable electronic calculators may be used. 3. All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary 1. A Explain the condensation process using the kinetic theory of matter. 1mk b Name one chemistry laboratory apparatus that can be used to measure accurate volume of a solution 1mk 2. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow: a Identify i Q 1 2 mk ii R 1 2 mk b State two uses of Polyvinylchloride 1mk 3. Naphthalene is soluble in ether but not in water and has a melting point of 800C.You are provided with a mixture of powdered naphthalene, Sodium Chloride and Zinc Carbonate. Describe briefly how Naphthalene can be obtained from the mixture. 3mk 4. A Name a suitable solvent for extracting an indicator from flowers. 1mk b Give a reason why the solvent named in a above is used 1mk 5. Using the elements Chlorine, Calcium and Phosphorus, a Select Elements that will form an Oxide whose aqueous solution has a PH of Less than 7. 1mk b Write an Equation for the reaction between Calcium Oxide and dilute Hydrochloric Acid. 1mk c Give one use of Calcium oxide. 1mk 6. When steam was passed over heated charcoal as shown below, Hydrogen and carbon II Oxide were formed. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 276 a Write the equation for the reaction that takes place 1mk b Name one common use of carbon II Oxide and Hydrogen gas. 1mk 7. A State Grahams Law of Diffusion. 1mks b Determine how long it would take for a given volume of ammonia gas to diffuse through a porous plug , If the same volume of hydrogen chloride takes 48 seconds to diffuse under the same conditions. 3mks 8. In an experiment it was found out that 0.28g of iron powder reacted with 0.53g of chlorine. Use this information to write a balanced equation to represent the reaction. Fe 56, Cl 35.5 . 3mks 9.


Use this information to write a balanced equation to represent the reaction. Fe 56, Cl 35.5 . 3mks 9. A What is meant by atomic number? 1mk b An element P has a mass number of 35 and atomic number 17.Draw a diagram showing the Composition of electrons and the composition of the nucleus of its atom. 2mks 10. The table below shows properties of some elements P, Q, R and S which belong to the same period of the periodic table. The letters are not the actual symbols of the elements. Element P Q R S M.P 0C 1410 98 -101 660 Atomic Radius 0.117 0.186 0.099 0.143 Electrical conductivity P00v Good Non conductor Good a Arrange the elements in the order they would appear in the period. Give reasons. 2mks b Select the metallic element which is the better conductor of electricity. Give a reason. 2mks 11. Distinguish between polar substances and non-polar substances 1mk 12. Starting with copper describe how a pure sample of copper II carbonate can be prepared. 3mks 13. Study the setup below and answer the questions that follow: a Write an equation for the reaction between ammonia and copper II Oxide 1mk b During the experiment the colour of the contents in the water trough changed .State the colour observed and give an explanation. 2mks 14. A Define the molar heat of displacement 1mk b The following ionic equation represents the reaction between metal Z and aqueous Y2 Z s Y2 aq Z2 aq Y s H -VE Draw an energy level diagram to represent the reaction 2mks 15. A Why is graphite preferred for use as a non-greasy lubricant 2mk b Brine is electrolysed using graphite as electrodes .State the products formed at i Anode 1mk ii Cathode 1mk 16. A Sulphur IV Oxide is bubbled through acidified Potassium Manganate VII . State and Explain the observation made. 2mks b What is meant by vulcanisation?


1mk 21. A State the Le Chatelier s principle 1mk b Carbon II oxide gas reacts with steam according to the equation. CO g H20 g H2 g CO 2 g What would be the effect of increasing pressure of the system at equilibrium .Explain 2mks 22. Given the following half cell equations; P2 aq 2e- P S E -2.37V Q2 aq 2e- S E -0.76V a Write an equation for the cell reaction. 1mk b Calculate the E value for the cell 1mk c Write the cell representation for the electrochemical cell formed. 1mk 23. A hydrated salt has the following composition by mass. Iron 20.2 , oxygen 23.0 , Sulphur -11.5 and water 45.3 . Determine the empirical formula of the salt. Fe 56, S 32, O 16, H 1 3 mks 24. Give the systematic names of the following compounds 3mks a CH3 CH CH3 CH2 CH3 b CH3 CH2CH2 CH Br CH2 OH c HOCH2 CH2 CH2OH 25. Using a well labelled diagram, illustrate how an iron bungle can be electroplated using silver 3mks 26. Study the sequence of reactions below and answer the questions that follow; Mg Air Nitrogen Magnesium nitride Step I Step II Step III Ammonia. A Name the process in step I 1mk b Name the reagent that can be used in step III. 1mk www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 278 c Write a balancing Equation for step II 1mk 27. When an aqueous solution of compound W was mixed with a few drops of Bromine water, the colour of the mixture remained yellow. When another portion of W was reacted with acidified potassium dichromate VI , the colour of the mixture changed from orange to green. A What conclusion can be made from the use of i Bromine water?


All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary 1. Study the figure below and answer the questions that follow a Write the formula of the organic compounds P and S 2mks b Name the types of reaction, the reagents and conditions for the reactions in the following steps 4mrks Reaction Reagent condition Step I Step II c Name the reagent R 1mrk d Draw the structural formula of T and give its name i Structural Formula 1Mk ii Name 1mk e If the relative molecular mass of U is 42000, determine the value of n C 12, H 1 2mrks f State the reasons why C2H4 burns with more smoky flame than C2H6 1mrk 2. The heat of solution of magnesium chloride is 1278 kJ Mol. Given that the lattice energy of magnesium chloride is -3933kJ Mole and hydration energy of magnesium is -1891kJ Mol a Draw an energy level diagram to show this information 2mrks b Calculate the hydration energy of chloride ions 2mrks c The enthalpies of combustions of methane, carbon and hydrogen are -886.7, -393.5 and -285.7 kJ Mol respectively. Use the information given to calculate molar heat of formation of methane 2mrks d State two measures taken to reduce pollution by vehicles 2mrks www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 280 3 In an experiment to study the reactions between German silver an alloy of Nickel, Zinc and Copper and excess sulphuric VI acid, the data below was recorded. It showed the volume of gas collected after every one minute. Use it to answer the questions that follow.


An excess of copper carbonate is added to 50.0cm3 of 2M sulphuric VI acid in a beaker and the mixture warmed until no further reaction takes place. The warm mixture is then filtered and the filtrate evaporated until the volume reduced to 20.0cm3. The mixture is allowed to cool and the crystals formed dried and weighed. A Write the ionic equation for the reaction 1mrk b Give reason for adding excess copper carbonate 1mrk c Give reasons for warming the mixture 1mark d How does one determine the end of the reaction 1mrk e Why is it necessary to filter the reaction mixture after the end of reaction 1mrk f It is advisable not to evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Give two reasons 2mrks g Determine the mass of anhydrous copper ii sulphate formed 3mrks CU 64, S 32, O 16, H 1 h Give reasons as to why crystals of Lead II sulphate are not prepared using lead carbonate and Sulphuric VI acid as outlined in the experiment above 2mrks 5. The diagram below represents a mercury cell chlor-alkali process that can be used in the industrial manufacture of sodium hydroxide. Study it and answer the questions that follow. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 281 a i Name the raw materials introduced at 1 and 2. 2 marks ii Identify a substance that can be used as anode. 1 mark iii Write equations for the reactions taking place at: Cathode 2 marks Decomposer 1 mark iv Give two reasons why mercury is recycled. 2 marks v How is the aqueous sodium hydroxide purified? 1 mark vi State one use of sodium hydroxide. 1 mark b If a factory produces 1000 kg of sodium hydroxide in every 24 hours, calculate the required current per day. H 1.0, Na 23.0, O 16.0 2 marks 6.


1 mark vi State one use of sodium hydroxide. 1 mark b If a factory produces 1000 kg of sodium hydroxide in every 24 hours, calculate the required current per day. H 1.0, Na 23.0, O 16.0 2 marks 6. Study the following diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow:- a Identify ions present in solid R 1mrk b Identify Solid V 1mk Solution S- 1 mk Solution T- 1mk c Write an equation leading to the formation of substance Z 1mrk d What is the identity of? Brown gas- 1mk Colorless gas- 1mk Yellow solid 1mk e What name is given to the reaction in step 2? 1mrk f State and explain the observation that would be made if sodium carbonate solution was added to solution S 1mk www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 282 7. The table below represents part of the periodic table. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements. Study it and answer the questions that follow: S P Z T D Q C X J R a To which family do element P, Q and R belong? 1mrk b Write the electronic arrangements of stable ions of D and C 2mrks c Compare melting point of chlorides of Z and T 2mrks d Select the most reactive metallic element 1mrk e Give one use of element Q 1mrk f Compare the atomic radius of element Z and J 2mrks g Element B forms an ion B3- with electron arrangement of 2.8.8. Place it on the periodic grid above 1mrks h Write the formula of the compound formed when elements X and D react 1mk i Explain the trend of reactivity of element Z, C and J 1mk www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 283 KIGUMO CLUSTER EXAMINATION, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education KCSE 233 3 CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 CONFIDENTIAL Requirements to Candidates In addition to the fittings and apparatus found in a chemistry laboratory, each candidate will require.


Study it and answer the questions that follow: S P Z T D Q C X J R a To which family do element P, Q and R belong? 1mrk b Write the electronic arrangements of stable ions of D and C 2mrks c Compare melting point of chlorides of Z and T 2mrks d Select the most reactive metallic element 1mrk e Give one use of element Q 1mrk f Compare the atomic radius of element Z and J 2mrks g Element B forms an ion B3- with electron arrangement of 2.8.8. Place it on the periodic grid above 1mrks h Write the formula of the compound formed when elements X and D react 1mk i Explain the trend of reactivity of element Z, C and J 1mk www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 283 KIGUMO CLUSTER EXAMINATION, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education KCSE 233 3 CHEMISTRY PAPER 3 CONFIDENTIAL Requirements to Candidates In addition to the fittings and apparatus found in a chemistry laboratory, each candidate will require. 1. Solid A 4.8 g of oxalic acid in a boiling tube 2. 100cm3 solution B 0.2M NaOH 3. Thermometer -10 C 110 C 4. One 50ml burette 5. Filter funnel 6. Pipette and pipette filler 7. One label 8. 250ml volumetric flask 9. Two 250ml conical flasks 10. About 300cm3 of distilled water 11. Bunsen burner 12. 0.5g of solid F maleic acid 13. 0.5g of solid V iron iii sulphate 14. 6 test-tubes in a rack 15. Boiling tubes 2 16. Test tube holder Access to the following; 1. Phenolphthalein indicator supplied with a dropper 2. 2M NaOH supplied with a dropper 3. Dilute nitric V acid supplied with a dropper 4. 0.5M Pb NO3 2 supplied with a dropper 5. 0.5g NaHCO3 supplied with a dropper 6.


Dilute nitric V acid supplied with a dropper 4. 0.5M Pb NO3 2 supplied with a dropper 5. 0.5g NaHCO3 supplied with a dropper 6. Acidified K2Cr2O7 supplied with a dropper 7. Acidified KMnO4 supplied with a dropper 8. Bromine water NB Each of the solutions in Bottle should be supplied with a dropper. Preparations Solution B is prepared by dissolving 8.0g of NaOH pellets in 600cm3 of distilled H2O then making it to one litre of solution Acidified potassium permanganate is prepared by dissolving 3.16g of solid KMnO4 in 400cm3 of 1M H2SO4 acid and making it to one litre of solution. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 284 KIGUMO CLUSTER EXAMINATION, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education KCSE 233 3 CHEMISTRY Practical Paper 3 Time: 2 Hours Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education a Answer ALL the questions b KNEC Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used for calculations c All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary 1. You are provided with; - 4.8g of solid A which is a hydrated acid with formula H2C2O4.nH2O - Solution B, a 0.2M sodium hydroxide solution. You are required to determine: Solubility of solid A Procedure 1 Fill the burette with distilled water Place solid A in the boiling tube. Transfer 4cm3 of distilled water from the burette into the boiling tube containing solid A. Heat the mixture while stirring with the thermometer to a temperature of 75 C. Allow the solution to cool while stirring with a thermometer. Record the temperature at which the crystals start to form in the table below Add a further 2cm3 of distilled water from the burette to the mixture Repeat procedure iv and v above and record the crystallization temperature. Complete the table below by adding the volumes of distilled water as indicated.


Allow the solution to cool while stirring with a thermometer. Record the temperature at which the crystals start to form in the table below Add a further 2cm3 of distilled water from the burette to the mixture Repeat procedure iv and v above and record the crystallization temperature. Complete the table below by adding the volumes of distilled water as indicated. PRESERVE THE CONTENTS Volume of distilled water cm3 Crystallization temperature Solubility of solid A in g 100g of water 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 6marks a On the grid provided, plot a graph of solubility of solid A y axis against crystallization temperature. 3 marks b From the graph determine; i The solubility of solid A at 80 C 1 mark ii The temperature at which 34g of A dissolves in 50g of water 1 mark iii Describe the trend of the graph 1 Mk Procedure II Transfer the contents of the boiling tube in procedure I to a clean 250ml volumetric flask. Add distilled water to the mark Label the resulting solution as C Fill the burette with solution C Pipette 25cm3 of solution B into a clean conical flask. Add three drops of phenolphthalein indicator Titrate C against B to an accurate end point. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 285 Record your results in table II below Table II 4 mks Calculate; a Average volume of C used 1mark b Moles of solution B used 1mark c Moles of solution C given that 2 moles of B react with 1 mole of C. 1 mark d Concentration of solution C in moles per litre 1 mark 2. A You are provided with: - Solid V, which could be iron III sulphate - 1 M nitric acid - 1 M sodium hydroxide - Source of heat - Distilled water - 0.1 M Lead II nitrate solution i From the reagents provided, describe three tests that may be carried out consecutively to confirm if solid V is iron III sulphate. Write the tests and expected observations in the spaces provided.


1 mark d Concentration of solution C in moles per litre 1 mark 2. A You are provided with: - Solid V, which could be iron III sulphate - 1 M nitric acid - 1 M sodium hydroxide - Source of heat - Distilled water - 0.1 M Lead II nitrate solution i From the reagents provided, describe three tests that may be carried out consecutively to confirm if solid V is iron III sulphate. Write the tests and expected observations in the spaces provided. Test 1 Expected Observations 1 mark 1 mark Test 2 Expected Observations 1 mark 1 mark Test 3 Expected Observations 1 mark 1 mark ii Carry out the tests described in a above using solid V and record the observations and inferences in the spaces provided. Test 1 Observations Inferences 1 mark 1 mark Test 2 Observations Inferences 1 mark 1 mark Test 3 Observations Inferences 1 mark 1 mark I II III Final burette reading in cm3 Initial burette reading in cm3 Volume of solution C used in cm3www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 286 3. You are provided with solid F carry out the tests below write your observations and inferences in the spaces provided a. Place the half of solid F in a boiling tube and add 12cm3 of distilled water divide the resulting solution into five portions b. To the first portion add acidified potassium manganate VII and warm Observations Inference 1 marks 1 marks c. To the second portion add acidified potassium dichromate VI solution and warm Observations Inference 1 marks 1 marks d. To the third portion add NaHCO3 Observations Inference 1 marks 1 marks e. Test the forth portion add bromine water Observations Inference 1 marks 1 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 294 BOKAKE JOINT EXAMINATIONS, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 233 1 CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Theory TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. All working must be clearly shown where necessary. 2.


Na 23, O 16, H 1, S 32 3mks 6. Describe how you can extract oil from ground nuts? 3marks 7. Passing a small quantity of carbon iv oxide through calcium hydroxide, forms a white precipitate which dissolves when excess carbon IV oxide is bubbled through. A Name the white precipitate. Mk b Explain using a chemical equation why the white precipitate dissolves in excess carbon IV oxide. 1 mks c What will happen when solution in b above is boiled? 1mk 8. The scheme below represents some reactions starting with a white solid A. a Identify solid A 1mk b Write an equation for the reaction between solid B and 2M sulphuric VI acid. 1mk c Write ionic equation for the formation of colourless solution Z. 1mk 9. Some reaction of metals P, Q, R and S are given below. Metal Reaction with water Reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid P A few bubbles form slowly in water Vigorous reaction. Gas is given off Q Vigorous reaction , metal melts gas given off Explosive reaction Should not be attempted R No reaction No reaction S Does not react with cold water. Hot metal reacts with steam Steady fizzing a Arrange the metals in order of the reactivity starting with the least reactive. 1mk b Write a chemical equation for the reaction between metal Q and water 1mk c Which of the metals could be copper? Explain. 1mk 10. The diagram below shows the laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid. A State the condition necessary for the reaction to occur. 1mk b Write a chemical equation for the reaction between sodium chloride and concentrated sulphuric VI acid. 1mk c Give one reason why an inverted funnel is used instead of delivery tube. 1mk 11. Use the reaction scheme below to answer the questions that follow. A Draw the structure of alkanol X. 1mk b Name process Y. 1mk www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 296 c Write the molecular formula of the 5th member in which propene belong. 1mk 12.


1mk b Name process Y. 1mk www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 296 c Write the molecular formula of the 5th member in which propene belong. 1mk 12. Study the reaction below and answer the questions that follow NH3 g H2O l NH4 aq OH- aq a Define the term acid 1mk b Identify an acid in the above reaction 1mk c Explain your answers in b above 1mk 13. Define; a Solubility 1mk b The solubility of Iron II Sulphate crystals is 22oC is 15.65g per 100g of water. Calculate the mass of iron II sulphate crystals in 45g of saturated solution at the same temperature. 2mks 14. In an attempt to prepare a gas, Njeri added concentrated hydrochloric acid to Potassium manganate. The products were then passed through two wash bottles containing water and concentrated sulphuric acid a Name the gas prepared 1mk b Name the purpose of wash bottle: i Containing water? 1mk ii Containing concentrated sulphuric acid? 1mk 15. A fixed mass of gas occupies 200 cm3 at a temperature of 230c and a pressure of 740 mm Hg. Calculate the volume of the gas at -250c and 790 mm Hg pressure. 2mks 16. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow a Calculate the enthalpy change for the following reaction 2mks C2H4 g Br2 g C2H4Br2 g b Name the type of reaction that took place in a above 1 mark 17. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow: a What do H1 and H2 represent? H1 1mkwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 297 H2 1mk b Write an expression to show the relationship between H1, H2 and H3. 1mk 18.


Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow: a What do H1 and H2 represent? H1 1mkwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 297 H2 1mk b Write an expression to show the relationship between H1, H2 and H3. 1mk 18. Nitrogen and hydrogen react reversibly according to the equation:- N2 g 3H2 g 2NH3 g ; H -92kjmol-1 How would the yield of ammonia be affected by: i A increase in temperature. 2mks ii An increase in pressure. 1mk 19. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow: Element Atomic radius nm Ionic radius nm W 0.114 0.195 X 0.072 0.136 Y 0.133 0.216 Z 0.099 0.181 a Would these form part of a metallic or a non-metallic group? Explain 1 mks b Suggest an element in the table above likely to be the most reactive. Explain 1 mks 20. Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds: 3mks i CH3COOCH2CH3 ii CH3CH2COOH iii 21. The structure below represents a cleansing agent. A State the type of cleansing agent represented above 1mk b State one advantage and one disadvantage of using the above cleansing agent. 2mks 22. The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow: i Identify the element that gains electrons most readily 1mk ii Which of the metal is most reactive? Explain 1mk iii What name is given to the family of elements to which elements X and T belong? 1mk 23. 3.52g of Carbon IV Oxide and 1.40g of water are produced when a mass of a hydrocarbon is completely burnt in oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon; H 1 , C 12, O 16 3mks 24. A Hydrogen can reduce coppers Oxide but not aluminium oxide.


3.52g of Carbon IV Oxide and 1.40g of water are produced when a mass of a hydrocarbon is completely burnt in oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon; H 1 , C 12, O 16 3mks 24. A Hydrogen can reduce coppers Oxide but not aluminium oxide. Explain 1mk b When water reacts with potassium metal the hydrogen produced ignites explosively on the surface of water. I What causes this ignition? 1mk ii Write an equation to show how this ignition occurs 1mkwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 298 25. The diagram below shows the extraction of sulphur by Frasch process. State the uses of pipes A, B and C. 3mks 26. The set-up below was used to prepare dry sample of hydrogen sulphide gas a i Complete the diagram to show how the gas was collected 2mks ii Identify the following:- I. Solid H mk II. Solid I mk 27. Define the following terms: a Malleability. 1mk b Ductility. 1mk c Give an example of element with the above properties. 1mkwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 299 BOKAKE JOINT EXAMINATIONS, 2023 233 2 CHEMISTRY PAPER 2 THEORY 2 HOURS Instructions to candidates a Answer all the questions. B Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used. C All working must be clearly shown where necessary. 1. The set up below shows the reagents that can form hydrogen gas in a laboratory. A Complete the diagram to show how a dry sample of hydrogen gas can be collected. 3 marks b Write the chemical equation for above reaction. 1 mark c Why is it not advisable to use calcium in this method to prepare hydrogen? 1 mark d Why is it advisable to discard the first jar of the gas collected? 1 mark e The set-up below was used to investigate some of the properties of hydrogen gas. I State the observation made in the combustion tube. 1 mark ii Write down the equation leading to formation of liquid L.


1 mark e The set-up below was used to investigate some of the properties of hydrogen gas. I State the observation made in the combustion tube. 1 mark ii Write down the equation leading to formation of liquid L. 1 mark iii What property of hydrogen is being investigated? 1 mark iv Why is potassium oxide not used to investigate this property of hydrogen gas? 1 mark v Hydrogen gas is used in hydrogenation of oils. What do you understand by the term? Hydrogenation? 1 mark vi Give any two other industrial uses of hydrogen gas. 2 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 300 2. The chart below represents the main steps in the large-scale manufacture of sodium carbonate. A Name substances A and B. 2 marks b Write down the chemical equation leading to formation of C. 1 mark c A stream of cold water is made to circulate around chamber X. What does this suggest about the reaction taking place. 1 mark d Name the process that takes place in chamber Y. 1 mark e State any two by-products recycled in the process. 2 marks f Give any two uses of sodium carbonate. 1 mark g In an experiment, wood charcoal was mixed with concentrated sulphuric VI acid in a test-tube. The mixture was then placed over a Bunsen-burner flame for some time. I Write down the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place. 1 mark ii State the property of concentrated sulphuric VI acid investigated in i above. 1 mark 3. A Ethyne gas can be prepared in the laboratory by action of water on a certain compound M i Name compound M . 1 mark ii Write an equation for the reaction taking place between compound M and water. 1mark iii Name the homologous series in which ethyne belongs. 1mark iv State one commercial use of ethyne. 1 mark b The scheme below represents some reactions of ethyne. Study it and answer the questions that follow. I Name compound P and draw its structural formula.


1 mark b The scheme below represents some reactions of ethyne. Study it and answer the questions that follow. I Name compound P and draw its structural formula. 2 marks ii Identify the reagents used in: I Process R 1 mark II Step I 1 mark iii Draw the repeating unit in polymer T. 1 mark iv Name polymer T ... 1 mark v Give one use of polymer T 1 mark www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 301 4. In the preparation of Copper carbonate, copper was burnt in air and the product collected. Dilute sulphuric acid was added and the mixture filtered and cooled. Sodium carbonate solution was added to the filtrate and the content filtered. The residue was washed and dried to give a green powder. A Give the chemical name of the product formed when Copper burns in air 1mk b Write a chemical equation that leads to the formation of the green powder. 1mk c i Name filtrate collected after sodium carbonate was added 1mk ii Name the green powder. 1mk d Write chemical equation for the reaction between product in a and acid. 1mk e Write an ionic equation to show the formation of the green powder 1mk f Write an equation to show what happened when green powder is strongly heated. 1mk g Using a diagram, describe how a salt can be obtained from the filtrate in c i above 3mks 5. The grid below shows a section of the periodic table. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements. K L M N P Q R S T V W a Name the family to which element P belongs. 1mark b Which two elements will form carbonates that do not decompose on heating. 1 mark c With a reason, identify an element in period three with the largest atomic radius.


K L M N P Q R S T V W a Name the family to which element P belongs. 1mark b Which two elements will form carbonates that do not decompose on heating. 1 mark c With a reason, identify an element in period three with the largest atomic radius. 2marks d Write the formula of the compound formed between L and M 1 mark e State two uses of element R and for each use, state property of element R that makes it possible for the use i Use 1mark Property mark ii Use 1 mark Property mark f Using dots and cross x , show bonding in the compound formed between R and oxygen. 2 marks g In terms of structure and bonding, explain why the boiling point of the oxide of L is higher than that of N. 2 marks h Calculate the volume of the gas produced when 1.95g of element W reacts with water W 39, Molar gas volume at S.T.P 24,000cm3 2 marks 6. A The diagram below represents the extraction of Sulphur by the Frasch process. I Identify and state the use of the substances that pass through tubes A and C. 2 marks ii Rhombic and monoclinic are allotropes of Sulphur. They are inter convertible as shown below Rhombic Monoclinic I. What does the temperature 96 C represent? 1 mark II. State the difference in crystalline appearances between rhombic and monoclinic crystals. L mark b The following scheme represents the steps followed in the contact process, study it and answer the questions which follow. Rhombicwww.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 302 i Name solid A. 1 mark ii Name two impurities removed by the purifier. 1 mark iii Why is it necessary to remove impurities? 1 mark iv Write chemical equations for the reactions which occur in the; Catalytic chamber 1 mark Diluter 1 mark v State the optimum temperature used in the catalytic chamber. 1 mark vi Why is sulphur VI oxide gas not dissolved in water directly. 1mark 7.


Molar volume at s.t.p 22.4dm3, zn 65 2 marks e On the same axis, draw a sketch of the graph that would be obtained if the zinc granules are reacted with 1.0M hydrochloric acid. 1 mark www.freekcsepastpapers.comPage 303 BOKAKE JOINT EXAMINATIONS, 2023 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 233 3 CHEMISTRY Practical 3 Time 2 hours 1. You are provided with the following o 4cm of magnesium ribbon o 2M hydrochloric acid solution A You are require to determine the rate of reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid PROCEDURE Take four 100cm3 plastic beaker and label them 1,2,3,4 To the first beaker, place 10cm3 of 2M hydrochloric acid. To the second beaker place 8cm3 of acid and 2cm3 of distilled water. To the third beaker place 6cm3 of acid and 2cm3 of distilled water. To the forth beaker place 4cm3 of acid and 6cm3 of distilled water. Cut the magnesium ribbon into 4 parts of 1cm each Place a piece of 1cm magnesium ribbon into the first beaker and start the stop watch Record the time taken for the magnesium ribbon to disappear completely. Record it in the table below. Repeat this procedure with beaker 2, 3 and 4 to complete the table. 4mks Beaker 1 2 3 4 Volume of acid cm3 10 8 6 4 Volume of water cm3 0 2 4 6 Time second a Plot a graph of volume of acid cm3 against time sec in the graph provided. 3mks b From the graph determine; i Time taken for magnesium to disappear completely at 5cm3 1mk ii Volume of the acid in which magnesium takes 100 seconds to disappear completely 1mk c The rate of reaction for the reaction at 100secs 2mks d Name one factor been investigated above that can affect the rate of reaction 1mk B. You are provided with Solution B containing 4.


4mks Beaker 1 2 3 4 Volume of acid cm3 10 8 6 4 Volume of water cm3 0 2 4 6 Time second a Plot a graph of volume of acid cm3 against time sec in the graph provided. 3mks b From the graph determine; i Time taken for magnesium to disappear completely at 5cm3 1mk ii Volume of the acid in which magnesium takes 100 seconds to disappear completely 1mk c The rate of reaction for the reaction at 100secs 2mks d Name one factor been investigated above that can affect the rate of reaction 1mk B. You are provided with Solution B containing 4. 26g of potassium dichromate VI per litre K2Cr2O7 Solution C containing 39.2g of ammonium ferrous sulphate per litre NH4 2SO4 .FeSO4.nH2O You are required to: 1. Determine the concentration of solution B in moles per litre 2. Determine the value of n in the formula of compound C PROCEDURE Fill the burette with solution B. Pipette 25cm3 of it and transfer into a conical flask. Titrate against C until the colour turns green. Record your results in the table below.


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1-The method of switching the starting winding is by a centrifugal switch. 1 This allows the starting winding to be switched off before the motor reaches its normal speed. 1-Once the motor reaches its normal speed, it runs with only one winding energized. 14 marks b i Load current I2 VP 1 24024000100A cm 21 ii For an ideal transformerOutput power input power 21 I2 voltagepower 21Input current I2 48024000cm 21 50A 21For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com585 iii Transformer ratio 1 1N2N1V2V14802401:2 13 marks13. A 4 marks b Lamp electrodesSix items labelled 21 3Correctness 1 Total 4 marksFor More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com586Operation- When the supply is switched on with starter switch closed, current flows through inductor L and through lamp electrodes E.-This initial currents heats the lamp electrodes in readiness for striking the lamp.- The starting switch is now opened making a sudden interruption in the current flowing through the inductor and causing a high voltage to be induced.-The voltage starts a discharge between the two lamp electrodes and current rises rapidly due to the inductor.-The starter switch is left open while the lamp is alight, the electrodes maintaining their operating temperature as long as they continue to pass the discharge current.5 marks14. A i Heating.-A ferromagnet metal alloy is heated to bright red hot 1 then allowed to cool in a powerful magnetic field. 1 ii Stroking-This involves stroking a piece of hard steel with one pole of magnet along the length of metal piece. 1 At the end of each stroke the magnet is lifted up and taken through a reasonable curve. The starting end takes the same polarity as the stroking pole of the magnet. 14 marks b 218 parts 21 4 marksLow high current circuit 2 marksTOTAL 6 marksFor More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com587- When the remote switch is closed. Current flows through the coil making it an electromagnet. 1-The electromagnet attracts the armature which closes the circuit.


14 marks b 218 parts 21 4 marksLow high current circuit 2 marksTOTAL 6 marksFor More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com587- When the remote switch is closed. Current flows through the coil making it an electromagnet.1-The electromagnet attracts the armature which closes the circuit.1-The load in the controlled circuit then operates and when the switch is opened, the load stops to operate.19 marks15. A OR gate ii NAND gate 6 x 21 3 marks b Truth table for NAND gateABQInputs 4 x 21 2Output 4 x 21 24 marks c - Inspect the top plug, cable and kettle for burn-out signs.1- Open the top plug 21 and check for loose connections.- Check for fuse continuity.1- Check for continuity of cables conductors.1- Remove the element and check continuity 1 of the element.1 216 marksFor More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


Www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 222 IMENTI SOUTH 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 SECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section 1. A Differentiate between physical and human environment. 2 marks b State three reasons why it s important to study Geography. 3 marks 2. A Define a meteor. 2 marks b State three characteristics of comets. 3 marks 3. A What is a mineral? 2 marks b Give three examples of non-metallic minerals. 3 marks 4. A Define climate change. 2 marks b List three common events that are associated with climate change. 3 marks 5. Give five characteristics of tundra climates. 5 marks SECTION B 75 marks Answer question 6 compulsory and any other two questions from this section 6. Study the map provided Kisumu East map extract, East Africa 1:50,000 Kenya and answer the questions that follow. A i Give six figure grid reference for the trigonometric station SKP 21. 2 marks ii Measure the distance of the provincial regional boundary from the water works station 0199 to 0997 in kilometers. 2 marks b Describe how relief has influenced settlement in the area covered by the map. 6 marks c Name two types of natural vegetation found in the area covered by the map. 2 marks d Citing evidence from the map, state three social functions of Kisumu East. 6 marks e i Draw a rectangle measuring 16cm by 12cm to enclose the area bound by Eastings 95-98 and Northings 80-83. On the rectangle mark and name; Lake Swamp River Luando 6 marks ii Name the title of the map. 1 mark 7. A i What is soil degeneration? 2 marks ii Name three types of soil degeneration. 3 marks b i State two factors that contribute to soil leaching. 2 marks ii List five characteristics of desert soils. 5 marks iii State three importance of soil texture.


3 marks b i State two factors that contribute to soil leaching. 2 marks ii List five characteristics of desert soils. 5 marks iii State three importance of soil texture. 3 marks c Students from your school carried out field study of soils found in Nyika Plateau. I State three methods they are likely to use to collect data. 3 marks ii Give three characteristics of soils that they are likely to study. 3 marks d State four ways of managing and conserving soils in Kenya. 4 marks 8. A i What is a river divide. 1 mark ii Describe three ways by which a river transports its load. 6 marks b Describe the characteristics of a river in its Old Stage. 7 marks c Describe each of the following drainage systems and patterns. I Superimposed drainage system. 3 marks ii Centripetal drainage pattern. 2 marks d You have planned to carry out a field study of a river in its youthful stage. I State two ways in which you would prepare for the study. 2 marks ii Name two features you are likely to study. 2 marks iii List two problems you are likely to experience during the study. 2 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 223 9. A i What are earthquakes. 2 marks ii Name three belts of the world associated with earthquakes. 3 marks iii Give four reasons why the above belts are associated with earthquakes. 4 marks b Describe the characteristics of the following earthquake waves. Primary waves. 3 marks c Explain four natural causes of earthquakes. 8 marks d Give five effects of earthquakes to human activities. 5 marks 10. A i What is underground water. 2 marks ii List three sources of underground water. 3 marks iii State four factors that influence the occurrence of underground water. 4 marks iv State three importance of underground water. 3 marks b Give three conditions necessary for the development of Karst scenery. 3 marks c The following diagram represents a feature found in a Karst Scenery. Use it to answer the questions that follow. I Name the parts labelled X and Z.


3 marks c The following diagram represents a feature found in a Karst Scenery. Use it to answer the questions that follow. I Name the parts labelled X and Z. 2 marks ii Describe the formation of the feature marked Y 3 marks d State the significance of a Karst landscape. 5 marks IMENTI SOUTH 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 SECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section 1. A State two factors that are considered in determining mining method. 2 marks b List down three uses of soda ash mined in L. Magadi. 3 marks 2. A Differentiate between forests and forestry. 2 marks b State three features of soft wood forests. 3 marks 3. A Identify two characteristics of intensive commercial agriculture. 2 marks b List down three physical factors favouring dairy farming in Denmark. 3 marks 4. A State two aims of setting up of Perkerra irrigation scheme. 2 marks b List down three physical factors that influenced the location of Mwea-Tebere irrigation. 3 marks 5. A Define the term fishing. 2 marks b State three ways in which the convergence of cold and warm ocean current affect fishing. 3 marks X Y Zwww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 224 SECTION B 75 marks Answer question 6 compulsory and any other two questions from this section 6.a i List down three factors that determine the distribution of forests in Kenya. 3 marks ii Study the data in the following table and answer questions that follows. The table shows the status of forests in Kenya between 2006 to 2009. In hectares. Year Area Open woodland Indigenous Tree farm lands Private plantation forests 2006 6800 4700 2400 800 2007 7200 3800 2000 400 2008 6400 1400 1900 500 2009 5400 4600 2000 700 Calculate the percentage decrease in the area under open woodland forest in Kenya. 3 marks b i Draw a compound bar graph to represent the data above. Use a scale of 1cm represent 1000 hactares.


Year Area Open woodland Indigenous Tree farm lands Private plantation forests 2006 6800 4700 2400 800 2007 7200 3800 2000 400 2008 6400 1400 1900 500 2009 5400 4600 2000 700 Calculate the percentage decrease in the area under open woodland forest in Kenya. 3 marks b i Draw a compound bar graph to represent the data above. Use a scale of 1cm represent 1000 hactares. 8 marks ii State three advantages of using compound bar graph to represent data. 3 marks c Explain the differences of exploitation of soft wood in Kenya and Canada under the following headings. I Period of harvesting. 2 marks ii Transportation. 2 marks d Highlight four ways in which the clearing of forests has affected the natural environment in Kenya. 4 marks 7.a i Name two fossil fuels and energy minerals found on the earth crust. 2 marks ii State two alluvial mining methods applied in East Africa. 2 marks b i List down three main conditions needed for the formation of petroleum reservoir. 3 marks ii Describe the process of gold processing in South Africa. 8 marks c Students of Mbea school wanted to carry out a field study on mining around their school. I The students used questionnaire to collect data. State three considerations they had while preparing the questionnaire. 3 marks ii The students wanted to analyse the data collected from the field. List down four ways theycould use in data analysis. 4 marks d What three problems could the students have experienced during the field study? 3 marks 8.a i Name two areas within western region sugar Belt where large scale sugarcane cultivation ispracticed. 2 marks ii Explain three human requirements that favour sugarcane growing in Kenya.


4 marks d What three problems could the students have experienced during the field study? 3 marks 8.a i Name two areas within western region sugar Belt where large scale sugarcane cultivation ispracticed. 2 marks ii Explain three human requirements that favour sugarcane growing in Kenya. 3 marks b i Name two diseases which affect sugarcane. 2 marks ii List down two disadvantages of shade trees in cocoa cultivation. 2 marks c Explain four contributions of cocoa to Ghana s economy. 8 marks d Briefly describe the process of cocoa cultivation in Ghana. 5 marks e Name three cocoa growing areas in Ghana. 3 marks 9.a i Define the term fisheries. 2 marks ii State two importance played by the presence of indented coastline in fishing industry. 2 marks b i Apart from indented coastline explain four factors that have contributed to large scalefishing in North-west pacific. 8 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 225 ii Name three fish species found in inland fishing grounds which have large economic value. 3 marks c Give five limitations hindering the development of marine fishing in East Africa. 5 marks d i State three conservation methods advocated by Kenya Government in fishing industry. 3 marks ii Name two methods used in deep sea fishing. 2 marks 10. A i Differentiate between wildlife and tourism. 2 marks ii List down two features of game reserve. 2 marks b Explain four factors influencing the distribution of wildlife in E. Africa. 8 marks c i State three reasons why National parks have been established in Kenya. 3 marks ii List down four reasons why domestic tourism is encouraged in Kenya. 4 marks d Explain three differences between tourism in Kenya and Switzerland. 6 marks IMENTI SOUTH GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME 1. A Differentiate between physical and human environment. 2mks Physical environment refers to features that are natural although their presence have influenced human activities while human environment comprises of activities of people on the earths surface. 2mks b State three reasons why it is important to study Geography. 3mks It promotes awareness on sustainable use of resources.


2mks Physical environment refers to features that are natural although their presence have influenced human activities while human environment comprises of activities of people on the earths surface. 2mks b State three reasons why it is important to study Geography. 3mks It promotes awareness on sustainable use of resources. It prepares one for career opportunities. It enables learners to manage time properly. It promotes the development of skills and critical thinking. It creates awareness about the country and the rest of the World. It helps promote national and international understanding. 2. A Define a meteor 2mks These are heavenly bodies which burn up and disappear as they enter the earths atmosphere from the universe. B State three characteristics of comets. 3mks They move along oval-shaped orbits. Have a head made up of frozen gases,. Dust particles and rocks. The sun is located at one end of their orbit. The tail disappears as the move near the sun. 3. A What is mineral 2mks This is naturally occurring, crystalline, organic substance with a definite chemical and physical properties. B Give three examples of non-metallic minerals. Coal - Sulphur - Petroleum Potash - Silicates - Graphite Asbestos - Nitrates - Trona Flousphar - Phosphates - Diamond 3mks 4. A Define climate change. 2mks This is the establishment of a new environmental and atmospheric states with change sin elements such as temperature and precipitation, or long term shifts in temperatures and other weather patterns. B List three common climatic events that are associated with climate change. 3msk Floods Drought Frost Heat waves www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 237 MOKASA 1 JOINT EXAMINATION 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 SECTION A: 25 MARKS Answer ALL questions in this section. 1. A What is physical Geography? 2marks b Give three divisions of physical Geography. 2marks 2. State four effects of rotation of the earth 4marks 3. The diagram below represents zones of natural vegetation on a mountain. Use it to answer questions that follow a Identify the vegetation zones marked X and Y.


State four effects of rotation of the earth 4marks 3. The diagram below represents zones of natural vegetation on a mountain. Use it to answer questions that follow a Identify the vegetation zones marked X and Y. 2marks b State four characteristics of tropical rainforest vegetation. 4marks 4. A Identify two erosional processes in a desert landscape. 2marks b Describe deflation as wind erosional process 3marks 5. A Define a lake 2marks b Give three reasons why some rift valley lakes are fresh water. 3marks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other two question in this section. 6. A Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 sheet 116 2 provided and answer the following questions. I What type of map is Kisumu East map extract? 1mark ii Give two scales that have been used in the map extract. 2marks iii What is the bearing of the trigonometrical station at grid square 0383 from the Air Photo Principal Point at grid square 0281? 2marks b . I . Measure the length of the All Weather Road Bound Surface B2 1 from the junction at Grid square 9793 to the western edge of the map extract. Give your answer in kilometer. 2marks ii . What is the altitude of the highest point in the area covered by the map? 2marks c . Draw a rectangle measuring 16cm by 10cm to represent the area enclosed by Eastings 02 and 10 P X Tropical Rainforest Y Height in metreswww.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 238 and Northing 90 and 00. 1mark On the rectangle, mark and name the following. 4marks Nyando escarpment. All Weather Road Bound Surface C543 1 Prison Agricultural Sugar Research Station. D . I. Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map. 5marks ii. Citing evidence from the map, identify three social services offered in Kisumu Municipality. 6marks 7. A . The diagram below shows the structure of the earth. Use it to answer the question that follows. I. Name the parts marked : 2marks P Q ii.


Use it to answer the question that follows. I. Name the parts marked : 2marks P Q ii. Describe the composition of the crust 5marks b . I. Define the term solar system. 2marks ii. Using a well labelled diagram describe the occurrence of the solar eclipse. 5marks c . I. What is climate change? 2marks ii. State four human activities which contribute to greenhouse effect. 4marks iii. Mention effects of global warming on human activities. 5marks 8. A i What are earth movements? 2marks ii State three causes of earth movements? 3marks b Describe how a recumbent fold is formed. 4marks c i Apart from a recumbent fold, name two other types of folds. 2marks ii Name four features resulting from folding apart from fold mountains. 4marks iii . Name two examples of fold mountains in Africa. 2mks d Explain four significance of folding to human activities. 8marks 9. A . I. Define the term hydrological cycle. 2marks ii. Give three processes of hydrological cycle. 3marks b . I. State three factors that influence river erosion. 3marks ii. Describe the following river erosion processes. Abrasion 3marks Solution. 3marks c . I. Apart from arcuate delta, name two other types of coastal delta. 2marks ii. Explain three conditions necessary for delta formation. 6marks d . State three factors which influence the formation of river drainage patterns. 3marks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 239 10 a. Give two places in East Africa that are permanently covered by ice 2marks b. i. Identify three ways in which glaciers move 3marks ii. Explain factors that influence the movement of ice. 4marks c. i. Describe how the hanging valleys are formed 6marks ii. State three significance of lowland glacial features to human activities 3marks d Your class plans to carry out a field study on glaciation on the slopes of Mt. Kenya.


3marks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 239 10 a. Give two places in East Africa that are permanently covered by ice 2marks b. i. Identify three ways in which glaciers move 3marks ii. Explain factors that influence the movement of ice. 4marks c. i. Describe how the hanging valleys are formed 6marks ii. State three significance of lowland glacial features to human activities 3marks d Your class plans to carry out a field study on glaciation on the slopes of Mt. Kenya. I. What preparations will you make before the actual study 4 marks ii. Identify three methods that you will use to collect data during your study 3 marks MOKASA I JOINT EXAMINATION 312 2 GEOGRAPHY Paper 2 SECTION A: 25 MARKS Answer ALL questions in this section 1. State five importance of studying geography. 5 marks 2. A Define the term mining. 2 marks b State four benefits of soda ash to the economy of Kenya. 4 marks 3. Reasons why a country should deserve her forest. 5 marks 4. A What is mixed farming? 2 marks b State three characteristics of shifting cultivation. 3 marks 5. Identify stages involved in land reclamation in Netherlands. 5 marks SECTION B Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section. 6. The table below shows the value of some Kenya s mineral exports from 2000 to 2003. Use it to answer questions a . Value of Kenya s mineral exports million Ksh. MINERAL YEAR 2000 2001 2002 2003 Soda Ash 13,200 8,300 7,300 12,400 Petroleum products 4,200 4,500 4,700 6,100 Cement 7,300 7,800 7,400 8,900 a i Using a scale of 1cm represent 1000 million Kenya shillings, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the data shown. 8 marks ii State three advantages of using comparative bar graphs to represent statistical data. 3 marks b Describe how deep shaft mining method is used in exploitation of minerals.


Value of Kenya s mineral exports million Ksh. MINERAL YEAR 2000 2001 2002 2003 Soda Ash 13,200 8,300 7,300 12,400 Petroleum products 4,200 4,500 4,700 6,100 Cement 7,300 7,800 7,400 8,900 a i Using a scale of 1cm represent 1000 million Kenya shillings, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the data shown. 8 marks ii State three advantages of using comparative bar graphs to represent statistical data. 3 marks b Describe how deep shaft mining method is used in exploitation of minerals. 6 marks c i Name two leading gold mining areas in South Africa. 2 marks ii Explain three ways in which gold mining has contributed to the economy of South Africa. 6 marks 7. A i Name three counties in Kenya where maize is grown in large scale farming. 3 marks ii Explain three physical conditions that favour maize cultivation in Kenya. 6 marks iii Explain measures that the government of Kenya had undertaken to improve maize farming. B i Name two exotic breeds of dairy cattle reared in Kenya. 2 marks ii Explain three ways in which dairy farming in Kenya is different from dairy farming in Denmark. 6 marks 8. A i Distinguish between forests and forestry. 2 marks ii Name three exotic species of softwood trees in Kenya. 3 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 240 iii State four reasons why the government encourages agroforestry. 4 marks b Explain the following problems facing forestry in Kenya. I Encroachment. 2 marks ii Game damage 2 marks iii Forest fires 2 marks iv Excision. 2 marks c Compare softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following subheadings. I Distribution of soft woods. 2 marks ii Tree harvesting 2 marks iii Period of harvesting 2 marks iv Transportation of logs. 2 marks 9. A What is land reclamation?


2 marks ii Tree harvesting 2 marks iii Period of harvesting 2 marks iv Transportation of logs. 2 marks 9. A What is land reclamation? 2 marks b Explain four methods used to rehabilitate lad in Kenya. 8 marks i and gabions. Ii Mulching of land c i State four significance of irrigation schemes in Kenya. 4 marks ii Outline four problems facing irrigation schemes in Kenya. 4 marks d i Give four factors influencing the location of Mwea-Tebere irrigation schemes. 4 marks ii Mention three difference between land reclamation in Kenya and Netherlands. 3 marks 10. A i Distinguish between a national park and a game reserve. 2 marks ii State three reasons why the government establishes national parks in Kenya. 3 marks b i Name three tourist attractions at the coast of Kenya. 3 marks ii Explain the socio-economic benefits of tourism in Kenya. 6 marks c i Give three reasons why high tourism potential areas benefit more from tourism. 3 marks ii Explain four measures that Kenyan government should take in order to attract more tourists. 8 marks MOKASA 1 JOINT EXAMINATION. 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME. SECTION A: 25 MARKS Answer ALL questions in this section. 1. A What is physical Geography? 2marks It is the branch of geography that deals with the formation of physical features land forming processes. B Name three divisions of physical Geography. 3marks geomorphology spatial geography climatology oceanology pedology 2. State four effects of rotation of the earth. 4marks Cause day and night Causes falling and rising of ocean tides. Causes deflection of winds and ocean currents. Causes variation in the speed of air masses. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 222 IMENTI SOUTH 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 SECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section 1. A Differentiate between physical and human environment.


Causes variation in the speed of air masses. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 222 IMENTI SOUTH 312 1 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 SECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section 1. A Differentiate between physical and human environment. 2 marks b State three reasons why it s important to study Geography. 3 marks 2. A Define a meteor. 2 marks b State three characteristics of comets. 3 marks 3. A What is a mineral? 2 marks b Give three examples of non-metallic minerals. 3 marks 4. A Define climate change. 2 marks b List three common events that are associated with climate change. 3 marks 5. Give five characteristics of tundra climates. 5 marks SECTION B 75 marks Answer question 6 compulsory and any other two questions from this section 6. Study the map provided Kisumu East map extract, East Africa 1:50,000 Kenya and answer the questions that follow. A i Give six figure grid reference for the trigonometric station SKP 21. 2 marks ii Measure the distance of the provincial regional boundary from the water works station 0199 to 0997 in kilometers. 2 marks b Describe how relief has influenced settlement in the area covered by the map. 6 marks c Name two types of natural vegetation found in the area covered by the map. 2 marks d Citing evidence from the map, state three social functions of Kisumu East. 6 marks e i Draw a rectangle measuring 16cm by 12cm to enclose the area bound by Eastings 95-98 and Northings 80-83. On the rectangle mark and name; Lake Swamp River Luando 6 marks ii Name the title of the map. 1 mark 7. A i What is soil degeneration? 2 marks ii Name three types of soil degeneration. 3 marks b i State two factors that contribute to soil leaching. 2 marks ii List five characteristics of desert soils. 5 marks iii State three importance of soil texture.


3 marks b i State two factors that contribute to soil leaching. 2 marks ii List five characteristics of desert soils. 5 marks iii State three importance of soil texture. 3 marks c Students from your school carried out field study of soils found in Nyika Plateau. I State three methods they are likely to use to collect data. 3 marks ii Give three characteristics of soils that they are likely to study. 3 marks d State four ways of managing and conserving soils in Kenya. 4 marks 8. A i What is a river divide. 1 mark ii Describe three ways by which a river transports its load. 6 marks b Describe the characteristics of a river in its Old Stage. 7 marks c Describe each of the following drainage systems and patterns. I Superimposed drainage system. 3 marks ii Centripetal drainage pattern. 2 marks d You have planned to carry out a field study of a river in its youthful stage. I State two ways in which you would prepare for the study. 2 marks ii Name two features you are likely to study. 2 marks iii List two problems you are likely to experience during the study. 2 marks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 253 Encourage domestic tourism through intensified local marketing to increase number of tourists during low peak tourist season. WETHAGA JOINT EXAMINATION. END OF TERM 2 EXAMINATION - YEAR 2023 312 1. GEOGRAPHY PAPER 1. SECTION A . 25 MARKS . 1 a What is geography? 2mks b Name three divisions of physical geography. 3mks 2 a Give two theories that explain the origin of the Solar system. 2mks b State three characteristics of the moon. 3mks 3 a Differentiate between a watershed and a catchment area. 2mks b The diagram below shows a river capture. Name the parts marked: K , L M 3mks 4 a Define the term earthquake. 2mks b Give three earthquake zones of the world. 3mks 5 a Name three forms of precipitation common in Kenya.


Name the parts marked: K , L M 3mks 4 a Define the term earthquake. 2mks b Give three earthquake zones of the world. 3mks 5 a Name three forms of precipitation common in Kenya. 3mks b Give two reasons why recording of data at school weather station may be inaccurate. 2mks SECTION B. Answer question six and any other two questions in this section. 6 Study the map of Kisumu East 1:50,000 sheet 116 2 provided and answer the following questions. A i What type of map is Kisumu East. 1mk ii In which hemisphere does Kisumu East lie. 1mk iii Measure the length of provincial boundary to the West of easting 00 and give your answer in kilometres. 2mks iv Identify three Physical features found on grid square 9594. 3mks v Give the longitudinal extent of the map. 2mks b i Using a scale of 1cm to represent 20 metres, draw a cross section from grid reference 950950 to grid reference 020970. 5mks ii On your cross section indicate the following features. A River Awach. 1mk b All weather road bound surface 1mk c Sugar plantation 1mk iii Calculate the vertical exaggerator of the map. 2mks c Explain three factors that have favored the growing of sugarcane in the area as evidenced from the map. 6mks 7 a . I Define the term folding. 2mks www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 254 ii State two factors influencing the extent to which sedimentary rocks can be folded. 2mks b i Apart from Nappe fold, name three other types of folds. 3mks ii With aid of a well labeled diagram, describe low a nappe fold is formed. 8mks iii Name three countries where Alps mountains are found. 3mks c Apart from fold mountains name two other features that result from folding. 2mks d Students from a school are planning to carry out a field study on folded area.


8mks iii Name three countries where Alps mountains are found. 3mks c Apart from fold mountains name two other features that result from folding. 2mks d Students from a school are planning to carry out a field study on folded area. I State three activities they would carry out during the study. 3mks ii Name two secondary sources of information they would use to prepare for the field study. 2mks 8 a i Define the term Sea. 2mks ii Give two types of oceanic islands. 2mks b Explain three factors that determine the rate of coastal erosion. 6mks . C i Give three causes of ocean currents. 3mks ii Name three ocean currents along the Western coast of Africa. 3mks d You are planning to carry out a field study on coastal features. I Identify three resultant features of emerged highland coast you are likely to find. 3mks ii State three reasons why it is important to conduct a pre-visit. 3mks iii State three follow ups activities you would do after study. 3mks 9 a i What are hypabysal rocks. 2mks ii Name three examples of hypabysal rocks. 3mks b i State three factors that influence rock metamorphism. 3mks ii Describe the following processes of formation of metamorphic rocks. A Dynamic metamorphism. 4mks b Thermal metamorphism. 4mks c i State three characteristics of sedimentary rocks. 3mks ii Highlight two characteristics of minerals. 2mks d. Identity four uses of rocks. 4mks 10 a The diagram below shows a well developed soil profile. Use it to answer questions. I Name the soil layers marked. Q, R S ii Describe the characteristics of layer marked P. 4mks b i What is soil catena? 2mks ii Indentify three classes of soil based on soil order. 3mks c i Name two soil forming processes. 2mks ii State three factors that determine the soil colour. 3mks d i . State four factors that influence soil formation.


2mks ii State three factors that determine the soil colour. 3mks d i . State four factors that influence soil formation. 4mks ii Explain how the following farming practices can cause soil degradation. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 255 a Burning. 2mks b Continuous application of fertilizers on farmland. 2mks WEITHAGA JOINT EXAMINATION. 312 2 GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 SECTION A. 25 MARKS Answer all questions in this section. 1. A Name two countries to which Kenya exports petroleum products. 2mks b State three factors that influence external trade in Kenya. 3mks 2. A Apart from the sun, name three other sources of electricity. 3mks b Give two advantages of using solar energy. 2mks 3. A What is industrial inertia. 2mks b Mention three examples of cottage industries in Kenya. 3mks 4. A Name two exotic breeds of commercial beef cattle reared in Kenya. 2mks b Give three challenges facing nomadic pastoralism in Kenya. 3mks 5. A Name two forests reserves found in the coastal region of Kenya. 2mks b State three ways in which the clearing of forests has affected the natural environment. 3mks SECTION B: Answer questions 6 and any other two questions. 6. Use the table below to answer the questions that follows. Kenya s agricultural production in 000 tonnes. YEARS CROPS. 2010 2011 2012 2013 TEA 81,000 62,000 44,000 101,000 COFFEE 37,000 53,000 71,000 68,000 WHEAT 12,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 a i Using a vertical scale of 1cm represents 10,000 tonnes, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the above data. 8mks ii State three advantages of using comparative bar graph to represent statistical data. 3mks b Give four physical factors that influence the growing of tea in Kenya.


2010 2011 2012 2013 TEA 81,000 62,000 44,000 101,000 COFFEE 37,000 53,000 71,000 68,000 WHEAT 12,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 a i Using a vertical scale of 1cm represents 10,000 tonnes, draw a comparative bar graph to represent the above data. 8mks ii State three advantages of using comparative bar graph to represent statistical data. 3mks b Give four physical factors that influence the growing of tea in Kenya. 4mks c i Explain four problems facing small scale tea farming in Kenya. 8mks ii Mention two ways in which processed tea is marketed in Kenya. 2mks 7. A i Name three categories of minerals. 3mks ii Identify three factors that influence the occurrence of minerals. 3mks b Explain how the following factors influence exploitation of minerals. I Transport. 4mks ii Level of technology. 4mks c i Describe shaft mining method. 5mks ii Outline three challenges faced by shaft miners. 3mks . D Name the areas where the following minerals are mined in Kenya. I Diatomite. 1mk ii Salt. 1mk www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 256 iii Titanium. 1mk 8. A i Name the method of irrigation used in Perkerra irrigation scheme. 1mk ii Identify three crops grown in Perkerra irrigation scheme. 3mks b State four problems facing irrigation farming in Kenya. 4mks c i Define a polder. 2mks ii Name three areas which makes the zuider zee project in Netherlands. 3mks iii State four ways in which the salinity of the polders is reduced in the Netherlands. 4mks iv Explain four benefits of the Zuider Zee project in Netherlands. 8mks 9. A. i Define environmental conservation. 2mks ii Apart from floods and drought name four environmental hazards.


A. i Define environmental conservation. 2mks ii Apart from floods and drought name four environmental hazards. 4mks b State four importance s of conserving the environment. 4mks c i Name two areas in Kenya which are prone to flooding. 2mks ii Explain four measures to control floods. 8mks d Students from Gitige Secondary School carried out a field Study on land pollution in Nairobi city. I State two methods they used to collect the data. 2mks ii Outline any three reasons they found to be contributing to high rate of land pollution in Nairobi. 3mks 10. A Define the term eco-tourism. 2mks b Explain how the following factors influence tourism in Kenya. I Climate. 2mks ii Tour companies. 2mks iii Scenery. . 2mks c i Identify two physical tourist attraction sites in Switzerland. 2mks ii State four problems associated with tourism in Kenya. 4mks d i Give three problems that are associated with low tourist season in Kenya. 3mks ii Explain four ways in which the County Governments in Kenya would promote sustainable tourism. 8mks WEITHAGA JOINT EXAMINATION PAPER 1 - 312 1 MARKING SCHEME. SECTION A : 25 Marks. Answer all questions in this section. 1 a What is geography? 2mks It is the study of earth as a home of mankind. Study of distribution and interrelationship of various phenomena on the earth in relationship to man. B Name three divisions of physical geography. 3mks Geology. Biogeography. Geomorphology. Pedology. Hydrology. Climatology. 2 a Give two theories that explain the origin of the Solar system. 2mks Passing star theory. Nebula Cloud theory. Www.freekcsepastpapers.comGEOGRAPHY PAPER 1 2 272 MURANG A EXTRA COUNTY JOINT EXAMINATION 312 1 GEOGRAPHY SECTION A. 1. A Define the following terms. I Geography 1mk ii Habitat 1mk b Give three branches of geography.