Trees are cut regularly and the leaves are used to mulch the crop. The trees used are leguminous so as to fix nitrogen e.g. Leucaena and Calliandra. Fruit trees can also be used. Multi-storey Cropping. In this case the trees are spaced widely and left to grow unchecked. Crops which can tolerate shading are planted. The trees and crops form different levels which look like storeys. Tree species for this system include; Cardia, Casuarina equisetifolia Whistling pine , African black wood, Muhugu and Acacia pp. Woodlots in Farms. These are plots set aside for trees only. They are usually established on parts of the farm that are not productive. Such trees should be fast growing such as Acacia and Eucalyptus spp. Sites for Agroforestry TreesBoundaries. Such trees help to:Protect the farm as fence. Mark the boundary. Form wind breaks. Provide timber and wood fuel. Such trees include: Eucalyptus, Grevillea, and Jacaranda etc. River Banks. Such trees help to reduce the water velocity along the river banks, protecting exposed soil from erosive forces of the flowing water. Terraces. Roots of trees planted on terraces reduce the speed of water run-off and hold the soil particles together reducing soil erosion. Examples of trees here include, Grevillea, Sesbania, Calliandra, avocado, mango, pawpaw etc. Slopes. Trees planted on slopes control soil erosion. Eucalyptus, Grevillea, pines and croton trees are planted. Homestead. Such trees are planted for beauty, fruits and shade. They should not be planted too close to the house. Tree Harvesting MethodsPruningThis is the removal of the branches from the lower part of the tree crown. Pruning is done towards the end of the dry season to avoid damage to other crops. Branches obtained from pruning are used as fuel or wood fuel. LoppingThis is the removal of branches from trees in haphazard manner. It is the most common harvesting technique for fodder trees. PollardingThis is the cutting of all the branches and top part of the tree. It is usually done to provide fuel wood and fodder. It is commonly is trees such as; Croton, Casuarina, Grevillea, Jacaranda, Ficus etc.


PollardingThis is the cutting of all the branches and top part of the tree. It is usually done to provide fuel wood and fodder. It is commonly is trees such as; Croton, Casuarina, Grevillea, Jacaranda, Ficus etc. CoppicingThis is the cutting of the whole tree about 30cm above the ground. This is done to provide fodder, wood fuel and mulching material. The common coppiced tree species include; Calliandra, Eucalyptus, Leucaena and Markhamia. ThinningThis is the cutting down of some trees to avoid overcrowding. Thinning is done where trees have been established by direct seedling or planted very closely. FARM POWER AND MACHINERYFARM POWER---Is the amount of work done per unit timeUSES OF FARM POWEROperate tools and equipmentSlashing mowingCutting treesTilling of landWeedingHarvesting of cropsSOURCES OF POWER IN THE FARMHuman PowerAdvantagesi Work in areas impossible for animals and tractorii Cheapiii AvailableDisadvantagesi Power is limited to very light tasks. Ii Quality of work produced is low variableiii Slowiv Expensive in the long run. V Health of workers influences the work done. B Animal PowerDonkeys, Oxen, CamelUses-Cultivation, Transportation, Planting etc. Advantagesi No skilled workers required. Ii Cheaper to buy and maintain. Iii Work output is higher than in human beings. Iv Can work in areas impossible for tractors sloppy areas. V Work better on small holdings than tractors. Disadvantagesi Need a big portion of land for grazing. Ii Slower than tractors. Iii Cannot work on large land. Iv Animals damage crops when used for weeding. V Get sick reducing work output. Animals are harnessed singly or in pairs using a Yoke. Wind PowerUsesDry grains and fodder. Winnowing crop yields. Pumping water drive wind mills. Generate electricity. Disadvantagesi Unreliable e.g. direction. Ii Strength is unreliable. Iii Sometimes not available. Iv Not easy to control. V Expensive to purchase a wind mill and its accessories.


Iii Sometimes not available. Iv Not easy to control. V Expensive to purchase a wind mill and its accessories. D Water PowerSource Running water. UsesFerrying logs in navigation rivers. Produce hydro-electric power. Operate different types of machines e.g. Maize grinding mills. Driving hydraulic pumps for pumping water for irrigation. Disadvantagesi Some rivers are small and seasonal. Ii Expensive to harness the power. Iii Some farms are not accessible to moving water. Iv Difficult to use since not easy to control. E BiomassSources-Biogas, Wood or charcoal. F Wood or charcoalSources Trees in form of fire wood and charcoalUsesCookingHeatingDehydrating some cropsCuring of tobaccoDisadvantagesExhaustibleNot used directly in some farm operationsLarge quantities requiredIv Bulky hence difficult to transportPollute the environmentii BiogasSourcesIs a product produced when animal dung is fermented in a digester thereby producing a flammable gas methane. Stages of methane productionStage I: Animals digest insoluble organic substances by use of microbes to form waste dung . Stage II Microbes breakdown soluble substances in dung anaerobic ally in the digester. Methane gas is produced. Uses of BiogasCookingLightingProduce electricityHeatingBoiling waterInternal combustion enginesBiogas plantAdvantages of BiogasI Economical for farmers with zero grazing units. Ii The effluent slurry provides fertilizer richer in Nitrogen than manure. Iii Flies cannot breed. Iv Unpleasant oduors are removed. V Minimal environmental pollution. VI Reduced deforestation. Disadvantages of Biogasi Initial capital is high i.e. construction of Biogas digester is expensive. Ii Requires high management skills to produce the gas. Iii Requires a large number of animals to sustain gas production. Iv Only possible where animals are under zero grazing units. V Labour consuming. F Solar RadiationSource: The SunUsesPhotosynthesisDrying of crops prior to storage and processing. Provide electric power that is used for Lighting, pumping water, Cooking and heating. Distillation of clean drinking water.


F Solar RadiationSource: The SunUsesPhotosynthesisDrying of crops prior to storage and processing. Provide electric power that is used for Lighting, pumping water, Cooking and heating. Distillation of clean drinking water. G Electrical PowerSourceGeothermal PowerHydro Power stationNuclear Station Atomic energyStorage batteryUsesRun stationary machines e.g. milling, cooking, grinding and water pumpsSupplies heat and light for operation of broodersCookingOperate milking and welding machinesRun water pumpsDisadvantagesi Cannot be used directly in some farm operations e.g. milking, welding etc. Ii Lacks in rural areasiii Power failures lead to high lossesiv Costly to install and maintain h Fossil FuelNaturally occurring sourcesPetroleum oilsCoalNatural gasUsesPetrol and diesel used in burning internal combustion enginesKerosene used in lighting rural homesNatural gas for cooking and heating in stoves and lighting. Disadvantages e.g of coali Expensive to extractii Low energy valueiii Dirty a lot of smoke soot pollutionBulky hence high transport costTractor PowerSourceTractor engine converts chemical energy fuel into mechanical energy that drives farm machinery. The tractor engine is a four stroke cycle i.e. 4 movements of pistons. Types of Enginesi The Four stroke cycle engineThese cycles are completed in 4 strokes 4 movements of pistons. The crank shaft makes 2 total revolutions. The 4 cycles include:InductionCompressionPower andExhausta Induction stroke Intake strokeStepsi Piston moves down the cylinderii Inlet valve openiii Exhaust valve is closediv Fresh fuel and air gets into the cylinder. B Compression strokeStepsi Piston moves up the cylinderii Inlet and outlet exhaust valves are closediii Fresh fuel mixture is compressed into the combustion chamber.


Iv Delivery pipe: Connects the various devices. Maintenancei Replace the fuel filters. Ii Bleeding in case air is entrapped in the system. Iii Clean regularly the sediment bowl. B Electrical systemConsists of:i Ignition Generator dynamo circuit: Provides electrical current that produces a spark in the Engine. Ii Starter Mortar Circuit: Starts the engine Rotates the fly wheel which rotates the crank shaft. Iii Lighting Circuit: supplies electrical current for the lighting system i.e of the head lamp, brake lights etc. Iv Tractor Battery: stores the electrical energy supplied by the running engine. Also converts the chemical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy from the running engine driven by the generator, charges the battery. Tractor battery contains 6 cells connected together to supply 12 volts. A battery has 2 sets of plates I.e ve and ve terminals. Care and Maintenance of Tractor Batteryi Top with distilled water the level of electrolyte. Ii Scrap clean and smear with grease corroded terminals. Iii Fix tightly the battery in a box to avoid spillage and damage. Iv Fit correctly the battery in a tractor right place . V Charge the battery regularly and periodically. Vi Empty and keep the battery upside down in case of long storage. Vii The generator fan belt should be functional to ensure the battery is always charged. C Ignition systemConsists of:i ignition coil: Converts or changes the battery voltage from 12v to 6000v required by the spark plugs. Provides a spark at the sparking plugs located in the engine cylinder. Ii The Distributer: Distributes the spark or the high voltage current at each spark plug. Iii Condenser:Absorbs the self induced current in the primary circuit. Stores the current for a short time. Passes the electric current to the distributor. Iv Contact Breaker: Interrupts the normal flow of the current in the primary circuit so as to generate high voltage from the coil. Common Faults of the ignition system1. Sudden stoppingCausesPoor terminal connectionsFaulty ignition system. CorrectionProper tightening of the terminalsProper cleaning and terminal readjustment. Continuous engine runningCausesBroken leadsPoor terminal connection. Faulty contact breakerCorrectionReplace the broken leads. Clean and tighten regularly the broken leads.


Continuous engine runningCausesBroken leadsPoor terminal connection. Faulty contact breakerCorrectionReplace the broken leads. Clean and tighten regularly the broken leads. Maintenance of the ignition systemi Remove carbon coatings on spark plug electrodes. Ii Replace spark plugs with worn out electrodes. Iii Clean contact breaker points. Iv Adjust breaker points to lie between 0.30mm to 0.50mm. V Replace the condenser regularly. Vi Keep the ignition system dry always. Vii Replace ignition wires with poor insulation. D The Cooling systemImportancePrevents the engine from overheating that causes expansion of engine components which would lead to: Leakage, valve burning, loss of engine power, cracking of the cylinder head and piston seizure in the cylinder. Types of cooling systemsa Airb WaterI Air cooled system-Used in light weight farm machines e.g mowers Motor bikes and Land masters. Characteristics of air cooled EnginesSimple in construction. Have fins and fan blade which assists in circulation. Light in weight since they no radiators or water jackets. Limitations of Air cooled EnginesGet hot quickly. Use heavy lubricating oils. Cooling is not adequate especially when carrying heavy loads. Ii Water cooled systemsWater absorbs heat from the engine block at a reasonable rate. Components:Radiator, Water jackets, Water hoses, Water pump, Thermostat, Funning mechanism etc. Cooled water is sucked from the bottom part of the radiator with help of water pump. It is pushed through water jackets and circulates within engine block and cylinder head. A thermostat: Regulates the temperature of water in the engine at 80 to 90 degrees Celsius. Hot water is forced back into the radiator for further cooling. Care and maintenance of water cooling systemi Lubricate water pump regularly. Ii Use clean water in the radiator. Iii Remove trash from the fins. Iv Fit all the pipes tightly to avoid leakage. V Fill the radiator with clean water before starting the days work. Vi Check regularly and adjust fan belt tension. E Lubrication systemSupplies oil to all parts of the engine where friction is likely to occur. Importance of lubrication system in tractorsi Increase efficiency of the machine. Ii Reduces tear and wear rate of the machine. Iii Reduces the heat created by the rubbing surfaces I.e acts as a seal between them.


Importance of lubrication system in tractorsi Increase efficiency of the machine. Ii Reduces tear and wear rate of the machine. Iii Reduces the heat created by the rubbing surfaces I.e acts as a seal between them. Iv Acts as a cleaning agent ie washes off dust, dirt soot and metal chippings from oil paths to the sump. V Oiling prevents rusting of stationary machines. Types of lubrication systemI Splash feed typeii Force feed typeiii Oil mist type. Types of lubricantsIdentified by their viscosity thickness index as indicated by S.A. E - Society of Automotive Engineers. The lower the SAE number the thinner the oil. I SAE 10 Thin oil . Gives little protection when heated. Ii SAE 50 Thicker oil . Protects bearings. Iii SAE 90 150. Transmission oils. Protects clutch, gear box, wheels, ball bearings. Care and maintenance of lubrication systemi Do not use old and contaminated oil as a lubricant. Ii Drain oil while still hot to avoid sticking on sump walls. Iii Replace oil filters. Iv Use the correct oil type as per manufacturer s instructions. F Power transmission system. Transfers power from tractor Engine to drive shaft, wheel axle P.T.O shaft and Hydraulic system. Consists of:1 The Clutch:Functionsi Connects or disconnects the drive shaft to or from the engine. Ii Enables the tractor to take off gradually and smoothly. Iii Provides power from the engine to P.T.O shaft. The clutch uses friction force to transmit power from the engine. It has three parts: Crank shaft, friction disc and pressure plate. 2 Gear boxFunctionsProvides different forward speeds. Enables the driver to choose any forward or reverse gear to suit the operation. Allow change in speed ratio by altering the gears. Allows the driver to stop the tractor without suddenly stopping the engine or the foot keeping pressed on clutch. 3 The differential. FunctionsChange the direction of drive to right angles so that power is transmitted to the rear wheels. Enables the rear wheels to travel faster or slower than others especially when negotiating corners. Differential lock avoids wheel slip or skidding. 4 Final Drive. -Enables the wheels to propel the tractor machine either forward or backward. Tires allow maximum grip traction i.e.


4 Final Drive. -Enables the wheels to propel the tractor machine either forward or backward. Tires allow maximum grip traction i.e. where the wheels provide large surface area of contact between the tires and the ground. Power transmission mechanismWays power is transmitted from the enginei Propeller Shaft-Connects the gear box to the differential that has axle s which drives the wheels. During forward movement, the tractor pulls or pushes attached implements. Ii The power Take off Shaft P.T.O Shaft-Located at the rear part of the tractor and rotates at the same speed as the crank shaft. It-is connected to the mowers, planters, rotavators, shellers, sprayers and fertilizer spreaders. Iii Hydraulic system-Operated by a lever near the driver s seat .Attached to the 3 point linkage which lowers or raises attached implements e.g. mowers, planters, ploughs, and sprayers. Iv Draw bar-Is at the rear part of the tractor. Does not get power directly from the engine. Attaches trailed implements used for harrowing, transportation and rolling. Tractor ServicingAre practices or operations carried out to keep the tractor in good and efficient working condition thereby increasing its lifespan. REVISION QUESTIONSa i What is agricultural economics? The art and science of organizing limited resources to achieve maximum returnsExplain the meaning of scarcity and choiceProductive resources are scarce in relation to demand i.e goods and services produced are not enough to satisfy human wantsTherefore, a choice has to be made on which goods and services should be produced using the limited resources. Explain how the house hold and firm are both producers and consumers. The household demands goods and services and supplies labour and raw materials to firmsFirms convert the raw materials and supplies finished goods to households. The relationship generates money to both sides therefore both are producers and consumers. What do the following terms mean? I Gross domestic product G.D.P The sum total of goods and services produced by a country within one year. Gross national income GNI Total output from resources owned by the nationals of a country both within and outside the country within a year. Per capita incomeGross national income divided by total populationi What does the term opportunity cost in farming mean? Cost of the foregone alternative when we make a choice. Example is choosing to grow maize instead of wheat.


Per capita incomeGross national income divided by total populationi What does the term opportunity cost in farming mean? Cost of the foregone alternative when we make a choice. Example is choosing to grow maize instead of wheat. Opportunity cost is the value of wheatOpportunity cost only exists where there are alternatives. State the main implications of opportunity cost in farming. Poor decision leads to lossesCorrect decision leads to good profitsWhen is opportunity cost nil or zero? When supply is unlimitedWhen goods are freeWhen there are no alternativesa i What is production? The process of transforming productive resources e.g land, labour and capital into consumption resources e.g potatoes, maize and milk over a period of time. State the factors of production. Land provides space for production Labour human effort Capital man made to assist other factors Management organises other factors i Name the sources of capital for farming. Credit facilitiesPersonal savings and earningsInherited property. Free grantsHow is labour classified? FamilyHired casual permanent State the functions of farm managerPlanning i.e. short and long termGathering informationComparing levels of production with those of neighbouring farmsDetecting weaknesses and constraints and finding ways and means of overcoming themKeeping up to date farm recordsImplementing farm management decisionsTaking responsibilitiesi State the law of diminishing returnsIn a production process, if variable additional units of an input are increased while all other factors are held constant, there will be an increase in additional output until a point is reached when the additional output per additional units of input declines. State agricultural examples of this law. Use of varying units of labour on a fixed unit of landFeeding dairy cattle with varying units of feed for milk productionUsing varying units of fertilizer in the production of a given cropi What is production function? The relationship between the units of input that a farmer employs in production and the corresponding units of outputThe output depends on inputs hence output is a function inputs. Name the types of production function? Increasing returnsConstant returnsDecreasing returnsWhat is a decreasing returns production function? A production function where each additional unit of input results into a smaller increase in output than the proceeding unit of input. Give 4 qualities desirable in a farm manager. State 4 ways of improving labour in the farm. State 4 management guideline questions which assist manager in decision making.


Give 4 qualities desirable in a farm manager. State 4 ways of improving labour in the farm. State 4 management guideline questions which assist manager in decision making. State 4 characteristics of variable inputs. Give two examples of each of the following;Variable inputs. Fixed inputs.


PHYSICS SCHEMES OF WORKFORM TWO 2019TERM IREFERENCES:Secondary Physics KLBComprehensive Secondary PhysicsPrinciples of PhysicsGolden TipsTeacher s BookPHYSICS SCHEMES OF WORKFORM TWOTERM IIREFERENCES:Secondary Physics KLBComprehensive Secondary PhysicsPrinciples of PhysicsGolden TipsTeacher s BookPHYSICS SCHEMES OF WORKFORM TWOTERM IIIREFERENCES:Secondary Physics KLBComprehensive Secondary PhysicsPrinciples of PhysicsGolden TipsTeacher s Book.


A DOLL S HOUSE-SAMPLE EXCERPT QUESTIONSRead the extract below and answer the questions that follow. 25 marks Nora: It s a shame to say that. I do really save all I can. Helmer: laughing That s very true, - all you can. But you can t save anything! Nora: smiling quietly and happily You haven t any idea how many expenses we skylarks and squirrels have, Torvald. Helmer: You are an odd little soul. Very like your father. You always find some new way of wheedling money out of me, and as soon as you have got it, it seems to melt in your hands. You never know where it has gone. Still, one must take you as you are. It is in the blood: for indeed it is true that you can inherit these things, Nora. Nora: Ah, I wish I had inherited many of papa s qualities. Helmer: And I would not wish you to be anything but just what you are, my little skylark. But do you know, it strikes me that you are looking-rather what shall I say- rather uneasy today? Nora: do I? HELMER: You do, really. Look straight at me. Nora : looks at him well? Helmer: wagging his finger at her Hasn t Miss Sweet Tooth been breaking rules in town today? Nora: No; what makes you think that? Helmer: Hasn t she paid a visit to the confectioner s? Nora: No, I assure you, Torvald-Helmer: Not been nibbling sweets? Nora: No, certainly not. Helmer: Not even take a bite at a macaroon or two? Nora: going to the table on the right I shouldn t think of going against your wishes. Helmer: No, I am sure of that: besides, you gave me your word- Going up to her Keep your little Christmas secrets to yourself, my darling. They will be revealed tonight when the Christmas tree is lit, no doubt. Nora: Did you remember to invite Doctor Rank? Helmer: No. But there is no need; as a matter of course, he will come to dinner with us. However, I will ask him when he comes this morning. I have ordered some good wine.


But there is no need; as a matter of course, he will come to dinner with us. However, I will ask him when he comes this morning. I have ordered some good wine. Nora, you can t think how I am looking forward to this evening. Nora: So am I! And how the children will enjoy themselves, Torvald! Helmer: It is splendid to feel that one has a perfectly a safe appointment, and a big enough income. It is Delightful to think of, isn t it? Nora: It s wonderful! Place this extract in its immediate context. 4 marks Explain the dramatic irony in this extract 3marks Helmer says here it is splendid to feel that one has a perfectly safe appointment . What is he referring to? What issues on money and gender emerge in this extract? 4 marks Identify and illustrate any two ways the playwright has used language to achieve foregrounding in this extract. 4 marks What do we learn about the character of Nora in this extract. 4 marks Imagine you are directing this play. Which quality would you look for in an actor to play the role of Torvald 2 marks Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the extract? 3 marks Wheedling money out of meConfectioner syou gave me your wordRead the extract and answer the questions that followNora: I didn t find it dull. Helmer: smiling but there was a precious little, result, Nora. Nora: oh, you shouldn t tease me about that again. How could I help the cat s going in and tearing everything to pieces? Helmer: of course you couldn t, poor little girl. You had the best of intentions to please us all, and that s the main thing. But it is a good thing that our hard times are over. Nora: yes.it is wonderfulHelmer: this time I needn t sit here and be dull all alone and you needn t to ruin your dear eyes and your pretty little hands-Nora: clapping her hands no, Torvald, I needn t any longer, need i! It s a wonderfully lovely to her you say so! Taking his arm now I will tell you how I have been thinking we ought to arrange things. Torvalds.


It s a wonderfully lovely to her you say so! Taking his arm now I will tell you how I have been thinking we ought to arrange things. Torvalds. As soon as Christmas is over a bell rings in the hall. There s the bell. She tidies the room . There s someone at the door. What a nuisance! Helmer: if it is a caller, remember I am not at home. Maid: in the doorway a lady to see you ma am. A stranger. Nora: ask her to come in. Maid: to Helmer The Doctor came at the same time, sir. Helmer: did he go straight into my room? Maid: yes, sir. QuestionsWhat didn t Nora find dull? 2 marks What has happened that has made the couple happy? 2 marks Discuss two themes evident in this extract. 4 marks There s someone at the door. Add a question tag. 1 mark Who is the lady who has come to see Nora? Why does she want to see Nora? 4 marks How has Torvalds been portrayed in this extract? Write you answer in note form 4 marks Comment on the effectiveness of any style in this extract. 2 marks Briefly explain what happens after this extract. 2 marks Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in this extract. 4 marks Tease Dull Nuisance . A caller .. Read the extract and answer the questions that follow. Nora: oh, yes, that one; but this one is another. I ordered it. Torvald mustn t know about it. Rank: oho! Then that was the great secret. Nora: of course. Just go in to him; he is sitting in the inner room. Keep him as long as-Rank: Make your mind easy: I won t let him escape goes into the Helmer s room Nora: to the maid and he is standing waiting in the kitchen? Maid: yes, he came up the back stairs. Nora: but didn t you tell him no one was in? Maid: yes, but it was no good.


Maid: yes, he came up the back stairs. Nora: but didn t you tell him no one was in? Maid: yes, but it was no good. Nora: he won t go away? Maid: No; he says he won t until he has seen you ma am. Nora: well, let him come in- but quietly. You mustn t say anything about it to anyone. It is a surprise to my husband. Maid: yes, ma am, I quite understand. Exit Nora: this dreadful thing is going to happen! It will happen in spite of me! No, no, no, it can t happen- it shan t happen. Place this extract in its immediate context. 4 marks What is referred to as the it by Nora in the first line? What does it reveal about the character of Nora? 3 marks Explain the use of soliloquy in this extract. 2 marks Who is waiting in the Kitchen and why has he come? 3 marks This dreadful thing is going to happen. Write in reported speech Explain one issue depicted in this extract. 2 marks Explain the dreadful thing that Nora fears might happen. How is the maid depicted in this extract? 2 marks Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the extract. 4 marks Make your mind easyI won t let him escapeIt was no goodDreadfulRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Krogstad: Are you sure of that? Mrs.Linde: Quite sure, but-Krogstad: with a searching look at her is that what it all means? -. That you want to save your friend at any cost? Tell me frankly. Is that it? Mrs. Linde: Nils, a woman who has once sold herself for another s sake doesn t do it a second Time. Krogstad: I will ask for my letter back. Mrs.Linde: No.no. Krogstad: Yes, of course I will. I will wait here until Helmer comes; I will tell him he must give me my letter back. -. That it only concerns my dismissal- that he is not to read it-Mrs.Linde: No Nils, you must not recall your letter.


Krogstad: Yes, of course I will. I will wait here until Helmer comes; I will tell him he must give me my letter back. -. That it only concerns my dismissal- that he is not to read it-Mrs.Linde: No Nils, you must not recall your letter. Krogstad: But, tell me wasn t it for the very purpose that you asked me to meet you here? Mrs. Linde: In my first moment of fright, it was. But twenty-four hours have elapsed since then, In that time I have witnessed incredible things in this house. Helmer must know all about it. This unhappy secret must know all about it. This unhappy secret must be Disclosed; they must have a complete understanding between them which is impossible With all this concealment and falsehood going on. Krogstad: Very well, if you take this responsibility. But then there is one thing I can do in that Case and I shall do it once. Mrs.Linde: listening you must be quick and go. The dance is over; we are not safe a moment Longer. Krogstad: I will wait for you below. Mrs.Linde: yes, do. You must see me back to my door-Krogstad: I have never had such an amazing piece of god fortune in my life. Explain what has happened before this extract. 2 marks Explain why Krogstad says he would ask for his letter back? 3 marks Nils, a woman who has once sold herself for another s sake doesn t do it second time . Explain what makes Mrs.Linde say this. 3 marks Make notes on we what we learn about the character of Mrs.Linde in this extract. 4 marks Explain the irony in this extract. 2 marks But there is one thing I can do in any case and I shall do it at once. What is that Krogstad does later and how does it affect the rest of the play. 4 marks I have never had such an amazing piece of good fortune in my life! Rewrite beginning Never What piece of good fortune is Krogstad referring to? 2 marks Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases as used in this extract? At any costRecallElapsedIncredible thingsRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow.


Nora: Good heavens, no! How could you think so? A man who has such strong opinion about these things! And besides, how painful and humiliating it would be for Torvald, with his manly independence, to know that he owed me anything! It would upset our mutual relations altogether; our beautiful happy home would no longer be what it is now. Mrs. Linde: Do you mean never to tell him about it? Nora: meditatively and with half-smile yes-someday perhaps after many years when I am no longer as nice-looking as I am now. Don t laugh at me! I mean, of course, when Torvald is No longer as devoted to me as he is now; when my dancing and dressing-up and reciting Have paled on him; then it may be a good thing to have something in the reserve- Breaking off what nonsense! That time will never come. Now what do you think I am of No use? I can tell you, too, that this affair has caused me a lot of worry. It has been by No means easy for me to meet my engagements punctually. I may tell you that there Is something that is called, in business, quarterly interest and another thing called? Payment in installments and it is always dreadfully difficult to manage them. I have had To save a little here and there, where I could, you understand. I have not been able to Put aside much from housekeeping money for Torvald must have a good table. I Couldn t let my children be shabbily dressed: I have felt obliged got use up all he Gave me for them, the sweet little darlings. Place this extract in its immediate context. 4 marks State and explain any two aspects of style used in this extract. 4 marks In about 35 words, summarize Nora s reasons for not revealing the secret to Torvald. 4 marks What is the attitude of Mrs.Linde towards Nora in this extract 3 marks Explain two themes evident in this extract. 4 marks Comment on the character of Nora in this extract. 2 marks Explain the meaning of the following words. 4 marks IndulgentTo let him into the secretPut asideCapricesRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Mrs. Linde: is Doctor Rank a man of means? Nora: yes, he is.


Mrs. Linde: is Doctor Rank a man of means? Nora: yes, he is. Mrs. Linde: and has no one to provide for? Nora: no, no one: but-Mrs.Linde: and comes her every dayNora: yes, I told you so. Mrs. Linde: but how can this well-bred man be so tactless? Nora: I don t understand you at all. Mrs. Linde: Don t prevaricate, Nora. Do you suppose I don t guess who lent you the two? Hundred and fifty pounds? Nora: are you out of your senses? How can you think of such a thing! A friend of ours who Comes here every day! Do you realize what a horribly painful position that would? Be? Mrs. Linde: No, certainly not. It would never have entered into my head for a moment. Besides, he had no money to lend then: he came into his money afterwards. Mrs. Linde: well, I think that was lucky for you, my dear Nora. Nora: no, it would never have come into my head to ask Doctor Rank. Although I am quite sure That if I had asked him. Mrs. Linde: but of course, you won t. Nora: Of course not. I have no reason to think it could possibly be necessary. But I am quite Sure that if I told Doctor Rank-Mrs. Linde: behind your husband s back. Nora: I must make an end of it with the other one, and that will be behind his back too. I must make an end of it with him. Mrs.Linde: yes, that is what I told you yesterday, but-Nora: walking up and down a man can put a Thing like that straight much easier than a woman-Mrs.Linde: One s husband, yes. Nora: nonsense! Standing still when you pay off a debt you get your bond back, don t you? Mrs.Linde: Yes, as a matter of course. Nora: and can tear it into a hundred thousand pieces, and burn it up- the nasty dirty paper! Mrs. Linde: looks hard at her, lays down her sewing and gets up slowly Nora, you are Concealing something from me. Nora: Do I look as if I were? Mrs.Linde: Something has happened to you since yesterday morning.


Linde: looks hard at her, lays down her sewing and gets up slowly Nora, you are Concealing something from me. Nora: Do I look as if I were? Mrs.Linde: Something has happened to you since yesterday morning. Nora, what s it? What happens immediately after this extract? 2 marks Discuss any two issues brought out in this extract? 4 marks Explain the use of any two dramatic techniques in this extract. 4 marks Linde is said to be laying down her sewing in this extract. What was she sewing and how is relevant to the events in this play. 3 marks Something has happened to you since yesterday morning. Rewrite as an interrogative. 1mark What is Nora concealing from Mrs.Linde? Explain what happens when Mrs.Linde learns of it later in this extract. 3 marks Give the meaning of the following expressions as used in this extract. A man of meansPrevaricateI must make an end of it. ConcealingRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Nora: I don t believe that any longer. I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human Being, just as you are- or at all events, that I must try and became one. I know quite Well, Torvald that most people would think you right and that views of that kind are to be Found in books. I must think over things for myself and get to understand them. Helmer: can you not understand your place in your own home? Have you not any reliable guide in such matters as that? -. Have you known religion? Nora: I am afraid, Torvald, I do not exactly what religion is. Helmer: What are you saying? Nora: I know nothing but what the clergyman said when I went to be confirmed. He told us that religion was this and that, and the other. When I am away from all this, and I am alone, I will look Into the matter too. I will see if what the clergyman said is true, or at all events if it is True for me. Helmer: This is unheard of in a girl of your age! But if religion cannot lead you alright, let me try And awaken your conscience. I suppose you have some moral sense? Or-answer me- Am I to think you have none?


But if religion cannot lead you alright, let me try And awaken your conscience. I suppose you have some moral sense? Or-answer me- Am I to think you have none? Nora: I assure you, Torvald that is not an easy question to answer. I really don t know. The thing Perplexes me all together. I only know that you and I look at it in a quite different light. I Am learning, too, that the law is quite another thing from what I suppose; but I find it Quite impossible to convince myself that the law is right. According to it, a woman Has no right to spare her old dying father, or to save her husband s life. I can t believe That. Helmer: you talk like a child. You don t understand the conditions of the world in which you live. Nora: No, I don t. But now I am going to try. I am going to see if I can make out who is right, the World or I. Recount the circumstances leading to the events in this extract. 5 marks What is it that Nora doesn t believe any longer? 2 marks How is Torvald depicted in this extract. 4 marks From elsewhere in the play, how is Nora s character portrayed in a different way from the way she is portrayed in this extract. 2 marks Discuss any concern addressed in this extract. 2 marks Why does Helmer ask Nora if she has no religion? 2 marks Explain the imagery in this extract. 2 marks Describe the mood in this extract. 2 marks What is the meaning of the following expressions as used in this extract. 4 marks I am a reasonable beingClergymanConsciencePerplexesRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Nora: But you must believe me, Mr.Krogstad: it is not in my power to help you at all. Krogstad: Then it is because you haven t the will; but I have the means to compel you. Nora: You don t mean that you will tell my husband that I owe you money? Krogstad: Hm-suppose I were to tell him? Nora: it would be perfectly infamous of you. Sobbing to think of his learning my secret which Has been my joy and pride, in such an ugly, clumsy way-that he should learn it from you!


Krogstad: Hm-suppose I were to tell him? Nora: it would be perfectly infamous of you. Sobbing to think of his learning my secret which Has been my joy and pride, in such an ugly, clumsy way-that he should learn it from you! And it would put me in a horribly disagreeable position-Krogstad: only disagreeable? Nora: impetuously well, do it then!-and it will be the worse for you. My husband will see for Himself what a blackguard you are, and you certainly won t keep your post then. Krogstad: I asked you if it was only a disagreeable scene at home you were afraid of. Nora: If my husband does get to know of it, of course he will at once pay you what is still owing You and we shall have nothing more to do with you. Krogstad: coming a step nearer listen to me, Mrs Helmer. Either you have a bad memory or You know very little of business. I shall be obliged to remind you of a few details. Nora: what do you mean? It is not in my power to help you at all how is this statement ironic considering earlier events in this play. 2 marks Explain why Krogstad wants Nora to help him 3 marks Why has Nora s secret been her joy and pride, in such an ugly, clumsy way? 4 marks I asked you if it was only a disagreeable scene at home that you were afraid of? Rewrite in direct speech. Explain any one theme evident in this extract 3 marks What is Nora s attitude towards Krogstad in this extract? 3 marks Discuss one character trait for each of the following. 4 marks KrogstadNoraKrogstad tells Nora the he shall be obliged to remind her of a few details. Briefly explain these details. 3 marks Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in this extract. 4 marks CompelInfamousDisagreeableBlackguardRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Mrs. Linde: Nora-it was Krogstad who lent you the money! Nora: Yes, and now Torvald will know about it. Mrs.Linde: Believe me, Nora, that s the best thing for both of you. Nora: you don t know all.


Nora: Yes, and now Torvald will know about it. Mrs.Linde: Believe me, Nora, that s the best thing for both of you. Nora: you don t know all. I forged a name. Mrs.Linde: Good heavens! Nora: I only want to say this to you, Christine- you must be my witnessMrs. Linde: Your witness? What do you mean? What am I to-? Nora: if I should go out of my mind and it might easily happen-Mrs. Linde: Nora! Nora: or anything else should happen to me anything, for instance, that prevent my being Here-Mrs.Linde: Nora! Nora! You are quite out of your mind. Nora: and if it should happen that there was someone who wanted to take all the responsibility, all the blame, you understand-Mrs. Linde: Yes, yes-but how can you suppose-? Nora: Then you must be my witness, that is not true Christine. I am in my right senses now, and Now I tell you no one else has known anything about it; I and I alone, did the whole thing. Remember that. Mrs. Linde: I will, indeed. But I don t understand all this. Nora: how should you understand it? A wonderful thing is going to happen. Briefly explain what has just happened before this extract. 3 marks Believe me Nora, that s the best thing for both of you. From elsewhere in the play, which reasons does mrs. Linde give to support what he says now? 3 marks Explain the dominant theme in this extract 3 marks Explain what tone would be appropriate in reading Nora s parts in this extract. 2 marks From this extract, how has Nora violated social ethics? 2 marks Nora says a wonderful thing is going to happen. From the rest of the play, explain what she means by that? 3 marks Discuss one aspect of style in this extract. 2 marks What do we learn about the character of Mrs.Linde in this context. 2 marks I and I alone did the whole thing Rewrite beginning The whole thing Explain the meaning of the following expression s as used in this extract.


A wonderful thing is going to happen. Briefly explain what has just happened before this extract. 3 marks Believe me Nora, that s the best thing for both of you. From elsewhere in the play, which reasons does mrs. Linde give to support what he says now? 3 marks Explain the dominant theme in this extract 3 marks Explain what tone would be appropriate in reading Nora s parts in this extract. 2 marks From this extract, how has Nora violated social ethics? 2 marks Nora says a wonderful thing is going to happen. From the rest of the play, explain what she means by that? 3 marks Discuss one aspect of style in this extract. 2 marks What do we learn about the character of Mrs.Linde in this context. 2 marks I and I alone did the whole thing Rewrite beginning The whole thing Explain the meaning of the following expression s as used in this extract. 4 marks ForgedGo out of my mindPrevent my being hereRight sensesRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Helmer: miserable creature- what have you done? Nora: let me go. You shall not suffer for my sake. You shall not take it upon yourself. Helmer: No tragic airs, please. Locks the hall door here you shall stay and give me explanation. Do you understand what you have done? Answer me! Do you understand what you? NHave done? Nora : looks steadily at him and says with a growing look of coldness in her face yes now I am Beginning to understand thoroughly. Helmer: walking about the room what a horrible awakening! All these years- she who was my Joy and pride- a hypocrite, a liar-worse, worse a criminal. The unutterable ugliness Of it all- For shame! Nora is silent and looks steadily at him. He stops in front of her I ought to have suspected something of that sort would happen. I ought to have seen it. All your father s want of principle has come out in you. No religion, no morality, no sense of Duty- how I am punished for having winked at what he did! I did it for your sake, and this is How you repay me. Nora: yes, that s just it. Helmer: Now you have destroyed all my happiness.


I did it for your sake, and this is How you repay me. Nora: yes, that s just it. Helmer: Now you have destroyed all my happiness. You have ruined all my future. It is horrible To think of! I am in the power of an unscrupulous man; he can do what he likes with me, Ask anything he likes of me, give me any orders he pleases- I dare not refuse. And I Must sink to such miserable depths because of a thoughtless woman. Nora: when I am out of the way, you will be free. What has happened before this extract 2 marks Explain what Nora means by saying you shall not suffer for my sake 3 marks Describe Helmer s change of attitude towards Nora. 3 marks Describe two character traits of Krogstad from this extract 4 marks Explain two recurring ideas in this extract 4 marks Explain the use of satire in this extract. 2 marks When I am out of the way, you will be free. Give two possible meanings of Nora s words considering what happens later in the play. 2 marks Here you shall stay and give me an explanation. Rewrite beginning You.... Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the excerpt. 4 marks Take it upon yourselfNo tragic airsYour father s want of principleUnscrupulous manRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Helmer: standing at the open door . Yes, do. Try and calm yourself, and make your mind easy again, my frightened little singing bird. Be at rest, and feel secure; I have broad wings to shelter you under. Walks up and down by the door how warm and cozy our home is, Nora. Here is The shelter for you; here I will protect you like a hunted dove that I have saved from A hawk s claws; I will bring peace to your poor beating heart. It will come, little by Little, Nora, believe me. Tomorrow morning you will look upon it differently; soon Everything will be just as it was before. Very soon you won t need me to assure You that I have forgiven you; you will yourself feel the certainty that I have done so. Can You suppose I should ever think of such thing as repudiating you, or even reproaching You?


Tomorrow morning you will look upon it differently; soon Everything will be just as it was before. Very soon you won t need me to assure You that I have forgiven you; you will yourself feel the certainty that I have done so. Can You suppose I should ever think of such thing as repudiating you, or even reproaching You? You have no idea what a true man s heart is like, Nora. There is something so Indescribably sweet and satisfying, to a man, in the knowledge that he has forgiven his Wife- forgiven her freely, and with all his heart. It seems as if that had made her, as it Doubly his own; and she has in a way become both wife and child to him. So you shall Be for me after this, my little scared helpless darling. Have no anxiety about anything, Nora; Only be frank and open with me, and I will serve as will and conscience both to you- what Is this? Not gone to bed? Have you changed your things? Nora: in everyday dress yes, Torvald, I have changed my things now. Helmer: But what for? -. So late as this. Nora: I shall not sleep tonight. Helmer: But, my dear Nora-Nora: looking at her watch it is not so very late. Sit down here, Torvald. You and I have so much to say to one another. She sits down at one side of the table Helmer: Nora-what s this? -. This cold, set face? Nora: sit down. It will take some time: I have a lot to talk over with you. Helmer: sits down at the opposite side of the table you alarm me, Nora! And I don t understand You. Nora: no, that is just it. You don t understand me, and I have never understood you either before tonight. No, you mustn t interrupt me. You must simply listen to what I say. Torvald, this is settling of accounts. Helmer: what do you mean by that?


You must simply listen to what I say. Torvald, this is settling of accounts. Helmer: what do you mean by that? Place this excerpt in its immediate context. 4 marks How is the character of Helmer brought out in this excerpt? 4 marks Comment on the use of imagery in this extract? 4 marks What are the two main issues of concern that are addressed in this extract 4 marks Describe the tone of Torvald in his first line? 2 marks I shall not sleep tonight. Rewrite in the affirmative. 1 mark Why is Nora in everyday dress? 2 marks Explain the meaning of the following words as used in excerpt 4 marks RepudiatingReproachingIndescribablyAccountsRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Nora: yes, tremendous! A barrister s profession is such an uncertain thing, especially if he won t Unsavory cases; and naturally Torvald has been willing to do that, and I quite agree with Him. You may imagine how pleased we are! He is to take up his work in the bank at the New Year. And then he will have a big salary and lots of commissions. For the future we Can live quite differently- we can do just as we like. I feel so relieved and happy, Christine! It will be splendid to have heaps of money and not need to have any anxiety, Won t it? Mrs.Linde: Yes, anyhow I think it would be delightful to have what one needs. Nora: No, not only what one needs, but heaps and heaps of money. Mrs.Linde: smiling Nora. Nora, haven t you learned sense yet? In our schooldays you were a Great spendthrift. Nora: laughing yes, that is what Torvalds says now. Wags her finger at her but Nora, Nora is Not so silly as you think. We have not been in a position for me to waste money. We have Both had to work. Mrs.Linde: You too? Nora: yes; odds and ends, needlework, crotchetwork, embroidery and that kind of thing dropping Her voice and other things as well. You know Torvald left his office when we were Married?


Mrs.Linde: You too? Nora: yes; odds and ends, needlework, crotchetwork, embroidery and that kind of thing dropping Her voice and other things as well. You know Torvald left his office when we were Married? There was no prospect of promotion there, and he had to try and earn more than Before. But during the first year he overworked himself dreadfully. You see he had to Make money every way he could, and he worked early and late; but he couldn t stand and Fell dreadfully ill, and the doctors said it was necessary for him to go south. Explain what happens after this extract. 2 marks Identify and illustrate two character traits of Nora and comment on them 4 marks Identify two aspects of style in this excerpt and comment on their effectiveness. 4 marks Explain two thematic concerns that are addressed in this extract. 4 marks In this extract, Torvalds is portrayed as overworking. Where else is portrayed in a similar way? 2 marks What was Torvald s reaction when Nora told him he needed to go south for treatment? 2 marks There was no prospect of promotion there rewrite adding a question tag. 1 mark Nora says Torvald has been calling her spendthrift. Give two instances where Torvald referred to her as a spendthrift? 2 marks Explain the meaning of the following words as used in this extract. 4 marks BarristerUnsavouryProspectDreadfullyRead the following extract and answer the questions that follow. Nora: yes, you could-couldn t you? Helmer: And I hear he is a good worker too. But I knew him when were boys. It was one of those Harsh friendships that so often prove an incubus in afterlife I may as well tell you plainly, We were once on very intimate terms with one another. But this tactless fellow lays no Restraint on himself when other people are present. On the contrary, he thinks it gives Him the right to adopt a familiar one with me and every minute it is I say, Helmer, Old Fellow and that sort of thing I assure you it is extremely painful for me. He would make My position at the bank intolerable. Nora: Torvald, I don t believe you mean that. Helmer: Don t you?


He would make My position at the bank intolerable. Nora: Torvald, I don t believe you mean that. Helmer: Don t you? Why not? Nora: because it is such a narrow minded way of looking at things. Helmer: What are you saying? Narrow-minded? Do you think I am narrowing minded? Nora: no, just the opposite dear-and it is exactly for that reason. Helmer: It is the same thing. You say my point of view is narrow-minded, so I must Be so too. Narrow0minded! Very well- I must put an end to this. Goes to the hall and calls Helen! Nora: what are you going to do? Helmer: looking among his papers settle it. Enter MAID look here; take this letter and go Downstairs with it at once. Find a messenger and tell him to deliver it, and be quick. The address is on it, here is the money. Maid: very well, sir. Exit with the letter Helmer: putting his papers together now then, little misses Obstinate. Nora: breathlessly Torvald- what was that letter? Helmer: Krogstad s dismissal. Nora: call her back, Torvald. There is still time. Oh Torvald, call her back! Do it for my sake- for Your own sake- for the children s sake! Do you hear me Torvald? Call her back. You don t Know what that letter will bring upon us. Helmer: It s too late. Nora: Yes, it s too late. Helmer: My dear Nora, I can forgive the anxiety you are in, although really it is an insult to me. It is indeed. Isn t it an insult to think that I should be afraid of starving a quill s driver vengeance? But I forgive you nevertheless, because it is such eloquent witness to your great love for me. Takes her in his arms . And that it should be, my own darling Nora. Come what will, you may be sure that I shall have both courage and strength if they may be needed. You will see I am a man enough to take everything upon myself.


And that it should be, my own darling Nora. Come what will, you may be sure that I shall have both courage and strength if they may be needed. You will see I am a man enough to take everything upon myself. Explain what happens after this extract. 3 marks Comment on two issues addressed in the text. 4 marks State and explain the character trait for each of the two characters in this extract. 4 marks TorvaldKrogstadWhy does Nora want the maid to be called back? 3 marks Identify two literary strategies used in this extract 4 marks Referring to other parts of the text, why can t Torvald work with Krogstad? 2 marks Because it is such a narrow minded way of looking at things rewrite using narrow mindedly 1 mark Explain the meaning of the following words as used in this extract. 4 marks IntolerableNarrow-mindedObstinatevengeance.


PHYSICS SCHEMES OF WORKFORM THREE 2019TERM IREFERENCES:Secondary Physics KLBComprehensive Secondary PhysicsPrinciples of PhysicsGolden TipsTeacher s BookPHYSICS SCHEMES OF WORKFORM THREETERM IIREFERENCES:Secondary Physics KLBComprehensive Secondary PhysicsPrinciples of PhysicsGolden TipsTeacher s BookPHYSICS SCHEMES OF WORKFORM THREETERM IIIREFERENCES:Secondary Physics KLBComprehensive Secondary PhysicsPrinciples of PhysicsGolden TipsTeacher s Book.


THE RIVER AND THE SOURCE BY MARGARET OGOLLAINTRODUCTIONThe River and the Source follows four generations of Kenyan women in a rapidly changing society. It is a presentation of women seeking liberation from the oppressive male dominated society. Just like a river which originates from a spring a source of underground water the birth of Akoko daughter to chief Gogni of Yimbo signifies the beginning of the river. The river is threatened to drying up by hardships after hardship but the river flows on. THE TITLEThe title The River and the Source suggests the flow of a river from its source. The novel traces the symbolic journey of women from a male dominated world to a new world where women are respected.. The river starts as a spring which is Akoko. She is the source of this river. The river refers to the efforts that Akoko puts in trying to liberate women from a patriarchal society that looks down upon them. Akoko faces challenges as a woman in a male dominated society. She overcomes them and the river continues to flow through Nyabera. Akoko is the source of the liberating force that flows from this oppressive and demeaning social system. The river and the source therefore refers to the journey of women empowerment that begins with Akoko, followed by Nyabera, Awiti and Wandia. This is summarized by Chief Odero Gogni s statement, A home without daughters is like a spring without a source. SETTINGSetting refers to the historical moment in time or the geographical location in which the story takes place i.e. the location and time in which a narrative takes place. The story begins 30 years before the Kenya-Uganda railway reached Kisumu. The story ends in the 1990s at the advent of multiparty politics in Kenya. The plot covers a number of generations that shifts between Yimbo Akoko s birthplace and Sakwa Akoko s marital home in today s Nyanza Province in Kenya. It later spreads to Gem, Kisumu, Nakuru and Nairobi in succeeding generations of Akoko s family tree. PLOT SUMMARYPART 1: THE GIRL CHILDThis part of the novel introduces us to Akoko who is vibrant, beautiful and hardworking. It focuses on the Luo cultural practices. The writer uses this part to highlight the importance of the girl child as we note that Akoko manages to gain her father s love and attention, something that was not usual among the Luo.


PLOT SUMMARYPART 1: THE GIRL CHILDThis part of the novel introduces us to Akoko who is vibrant, beautiful and hardworking. It focuses on the Luo cultural practices. The writer uses this part to highlight the importance of the girl child as we note that Akoko manages to gain her father s love and attention, something that was not usual among the Luo. CHAPTER 1 AKOKO'S BIRTHThe chapter begins with the birth of Akoko Adoyo Akelo Obanda. Her father, Chief Odero Gogni expected a son because of the value placed by society in boys over girls. The naming of Akoko is done according to tradition and she ends up having four names. Adoyo born during the weeding season. Obanda- according to dreams by the father and grandmother. Akelo after a step grandmother who had died. Akoko is given to her as she is noisy. The traditional values of the community like polygamy and preference for the male children are also brought out in the fathers desire to have a son. There is insight in to the naming rituals of the community as Akoko is given several names. The belief in superstition is also reflected on in the way Akoko's illness is dealt with and results in Akoko s final name, Akello. Akoko proves to be uniquely determined as she is able to compete with her numerous brothers. This earns her the admiration of both her father and elder brother, Oloo. By the end of the chapter Akoko is grown and of marriageable age and known for her diligence and hard work. CHAPTER 2: BETROTHAL OF AKOKOThis chapter focuses on the betrothal and marriage of Akoko. We are introduced to the young chief Owuor Kembo, a man of Nyadhi or style, who arrives at Yimbo with his delegation from Sakwa. They are warmly received and all the ways of chik are observed. Chief odero is quite pleased as the daughter is going to be the first wife to chief owuor. According to chik one cannot be chief unless he is married hence necessitating the arrival of the delegation from Sakwa to ask for Akoko's hand in marriage. Negotiations for the bride price are carried out through their spokes people. Chief odero asks for a high bride price out of jealousy for the number of daughter to sons his daughter's suitors had compared to him.


According to chik one cannot be chief unless he is married hence necessitating the arrival of the delegation from Sakwa to ask for Akoko's hand in marriage. Negotiations for the bride price are carried out through their spokes people. Chief odero asks for a high bride price out of jealousy for the number of daughter to sons his daughter's suitors had compared to him. Chief owuor Kembo described as a man of style agrees to pay the bride price without bargaining, much to the protest of his brother and delegation. The negotiations are concluded by the presentation of Akoko to her future husband. CHAPTER 3; AKOKO S MOVE TO SAKWAA group of young warriors drive the cattle that had being agreed on as the bride price during the negotiations. They are warmly welcome and well fed according to chik. On the morning of the next day the warriors take off with Akoko after having engaged in mock battles with her brothers before they ran off with Akoko. Akoko herself is also meant to resist so that it may not be said that she went willingly. They rest for a short while before Akoko is delivered to Sakwa. The people of Sakwa admire her and agree that she was worth the thirty head of cattle. Akoko settles in to marriage life and is well accepted by the community. She soon becomes pregnant with her first child. The community is highly superstitious and do not say anything about it. Though the pregnancy is uneventful but the delivery is harrowing. The child is named Obura. However Akoko is under pressure to bear more children as the society expects her to bear as many children as her bride price. Her mother in law even urges Owuor to marry another wife. Later Akoko gets pregnant with Nyabera and then has difficulty during the birth. CHAPTER 4 AKOKO'S CONFLICT WITH NYAR ASEMBOAs a result of Owuor''s refusal to marry another with and Akoko s low birth rate, conflict arises between Akoko and her mother in law. Her mother in law is also offended by the monogamous state of her son and his refusal to take a second wife. They compare him to his younger brother who already had two wives and many more children. One day as she is in the fields, she hears that her mother in law Nyar Asembo accused her of bewitching owuor Kembo so that he would not marry another wife.


Her mother in law is also offended by the monogamous state of her son and his refusal to take a second wife. They compare him to his younger brother who already had two wives and many more children. One day as she is in the fields, she hears that her mother in law Nyar Asembo accused her of bewitching owuor Kembo so that he would not marry another wife. Akoko who is deeply offended by the accusations stays the night and on the morning of the next day calls for the people s attention to state her case. She defends herself by emphasizing that she has always been hard-working and a good wife. After this she leaves for Yimbo. Owuor returns and is angered by the events that took place when he was away. He throttles his brother and almost hits his mother. He then starts a reconciliatory mission. CHAPTER 5 RESOLUTION OF THE CONFLICTThe delegation from Sakwa arrives in Yimbo and is coolly received. Being accused of witchcraft was no light matter and the people of Yimbo were not pleased. The elders are gathered and Akoko is asked to give her version of events. She presents the accusations made against her that include witchcraft, standing in the way of her husband s marriage to other women, and having given birth at a slow rate. After the presentation of her case, Owuor defends himself stating that he had not been around when the unfortunate event happened and had dealt with those responsible. The Jodongo agree to resolve the issue and warn Akoko against making rush decisions in future. An appeasement of a goat was to be given to the maro. CHAPTER 6 FAMILY LIFEAfter Akoko s return to Sakwa she is soon pregnant again with a son, the delivery of the child is difficult. The child is named Owang Sino. Owang Sino is drawn to his father and they are quite fond of each other. There is a contrast between owuor and Otieno. Owuor who is monogamous has a happy wife who he treats like a queen. Otieno on the other hand has four wives who he treated like sluts and they obliged him. There are rumours of white men jorochere and the establishment of a colonial government. Obura gets intrigued and suggests that his mother allow him to tour the world. She reprimands for the thought and advises him to seek a wife.


There are rumours of white men jorochere and the establishment of a colonial government. Obura gets intrigued and suggests that his mother allow him to tour the world. She reprimands for the thought and advises him to seek a wife. She also reminds him of his role as the first born son Both his father and mother are alarmed at this new development. Chief Owuor forbids Obura from seeing Nyaroche and Ambere and has the later sent away. CHAPTER 7 OBURA'S DISAPPEARANCEObura disappears from his hut, and Akoko is disturbed by the disappearance. Chief owuor sends out scouts to try and track them. They return and inform the chief that he had left in the company of Nyaroche and Ambere. Akoko prays earnestly that no harm should come to her son. The chief organises for search parties to follow them. Unfortunately they return two days later and report that the three were picked up by white men and could not be traced farther. Akoko who was devastated by her son s disappearance has a sense of foreboding and believes Obura might as well be dead. CHAPTER 8 DEATH OF OBURAIt has been a while since Obura disappeared. News of the white man and the colonial government continue. One day two strangely dressed men come to deliver news about Obura. They draw the attention of the entire community as they make their way to chief Owuor's compound. They inform the chief of the war between jo-ingreza and jojerman. They inform the chief of the death of Obura and Ambere as they inform him that Nyaroche is crippled. The chief is furious and throws away the bracelet that he was given. Nyabera picks it up as the community begins to mourn. A mock funeral is performed and a banana trunk is buried in place of Obura's body. CHAPTER 9 DEATHS OF OWUOR AND OWANGAkoko then goes about helping Nyabera overcome her grief and continue with her life. She takes to wearing the bracelet she had picked when the white men came. Akoko works hard and instils the same value in Nyabera. Thus her herd grows so large that she has to get her own watering hole. Nyabera is now a girl of marriageable age. Suitors come in large numbers and Akoko helps her husband pick an appropriate suitor for their daughter.


Thus her herd grows so large that she has to get her own watering hole. Nyabera is now a girl of marriageable age. Suitors come in large numbers and Akoko helps her husband pick an appropriate suitor for their daughter. Okumu Angolo is picked as he comes from a neighbouring village. Their first three children live for a short time and then die. Owang Sino also comes of age and jowangyo are dispatched to look for a suitable wife for him. A suitable girl was found from Uyoma. However, Chief owuor who had been ailing for a long time dies and the marriage negotiations are postpone for the burial. Akoko takes her husband s spear and shield and mourns him in great song and style. Owang Sino who had done his best to make his mother happy dies son after the birth of his son, owuor Sino. Alando does not stay to defend her son but chooses to get inherited soon after. The chief stool is passed to Otieno Kembo as the young owuor Sino is still a toddler and cannot rule until he is married. Akoko is devastated and Nyabera comes to her side to aid her. CHAPTER 10 OTIENO BECOMES CHIEFOtieno takes over the chief stool with greed and arrogance. He squanders the wealth left behind by owuor and even attempts to usurp Akoko's personal wealth. Akoko feels greatly disadvantaged as she has no male sons or relatives who are of age and would come to her aid. Otieno is unwilling to relinquish the seat. He dispenses with the council of Jodongo and snatches Akoko's wealth. Akoko perceives the challenge and decides to seek help from the jorochere. She takes her grandchild, owuor, to her brother, Oloo. She then visits her daughter, Nyabera who had lost a number of children before she goes on her journey to Kisumu. She reveals her plans to her daughter. CHAPTER 11 AKOKO'S JOURNEY TO KISUMAHer nephews Opiyo and Odongo accompany her. Akoko had earlier tried to send them away but to no avail. They start the journey early in the morning and Akoko takes the opportunity to educate them on the history of the community through stories. They finally arrive in the town of kisuma and are struck by the difference in structures and dressing of the people.


Akoko had earlier tried to send them away but to no avail. They start the journey early in the morning and Akoko takes the opportunity to educate them on the history of the community through stories. They finally arrive in the town of kisuma and are struck by the difference in structures and dressing of the people. There, they meet Otuoma, who helps them in by hosting them for the night as it was a Sunday and the court was closed. He also informs them that citizens were no longer allowed to carry weapons. They finally present their case to the .DO. And the tribunal. CHAPTER 12 AKOKO'S JUSTICE AND DEPATURE FROM SAKWAAkoko present her case to the D.O. and the tribunal. The D.O. Ask s that the case be postpone for three months so that the claims may be investigated. The twins embellish the story that they tell to the future generations. Akoko returns to Sakwa to find Otieno's greed having grown a great deal and her wealth significantly reduced. Investigators come to Sakwa, and the disgruntled people are only too willing to help. Akoko is summoned soon after and the case is reopened before the D.C. The D.C. Rules that Otieno Kembo be forcefully removed from the chief stool and he council of Jodongo rule. Otieno was also made to pay all that he had grabbed. Akoko then returned to Sakwa and took the reminder of her wealth. She returned to Yimbo to live as a migogo in her brother Oloo's house. PART TWO: THE ART OF GIVINGThe Art of Giving is Self sacrifice. It is putting away all you believed in and embracing the others needs. Akoko in this chapter gives more than she receives. The part I ends when she has lost all that she could have held to in her matrimonial home. She forsakes her happy life as a married woman and goes home to lead a desolate life as a migogo. A migogo meant that, she will be looked down upon by her brothers wife. She would be ridiculed and if we remember well; Akoko did not take lightly ridicule or sneer. There was a time she shouted down her mother-in-law maro for accusing her of being a witch juok . Akoko knew very well what she was getting into when she settled down in her brother Oloo s house.


She would be ridiculed and if we remember well; Akoko did not take lightly ridicule or sneer. There was a time she shouted down her mother-in-law maro for accusing her of being a witch juok . Akoko knew very well what she was getting into when she settled down in her brother Oloo s house. She was ready to live with them as long as her grandson Owuor Sino found comfort other than being molested in Otieno s household. She left the wealth she had built in years in Sakwa to live among her paternal household. Giving involves denial of one s comfort for the sake of others. Nyabera tries in earnest to get and raise children for her and her husband Okumu. When Okumu dies, she tries it with Ogoma Kwach but all fails. In despair and with only one child, she joins Christianity. She leaves her mother, daughter and nephew in Aluor to satisfy her quest but returns having failed. She learns the hard way that, it s better to be content than trying to find happiness where there is none. The biggest sacrifice ever in part II however is when Akoko blesses her grandson Petro Owuor Sino Peter Owuor Kembo to take on his vocation. In accepting to this outrageous decision, Akoko loses her right to reclaim her matrimonial home and the continuity of her and her husband s lineage- given that most African communities were patrilineal. In letting Peter become a vicar, she made him and those of her keen lose the chief stool to the younger family in Sakwa. Therefore Giving is an art since few people are ready to go to such extremes as Akoko, Nyabera and those around her, to let those they love enjoy their life to the fullestCHAPTER 1 OKUMU'S DEATHNyabera suffers the deaths of her children. She gets pregnant and gives birth to a baby girl. A ritual is performed to aid in the survival of the child. She is left by the entrance to the homestead and an old lady passing by picked her up and brought her to them. She is therefore named Awiti. Okumu falls ill and dies when Awiti is three years old. Nyabera is inherited by a close relative, Ogoma Kwach. He is drawn to Nyabera's wealth and hard work and foregoes his duty to his first wife.


Okumu falls ill and dies when Awiti is three years old. Nyabera is inherited by a close relative, Ogoma Kwach. He is drawn to Nyabera's wealth and hard work and foregoes his duty to his first wife. As a result he is reported to e council of Jodongo and reprimanded. Nyabera is hurt by their decision and seeks an alternate source of comfort. She has heard a lot about Christianity and seeks out Pillipo to give her more information. Nyabera gives out her wealth then travels to Yimbo to inform her mother of her decision. She leaves Awiti with Akoko then departs for Gem to start her new life. CHAPTER 2. NYABERA IS BAPTISEDNyabera travels from Yimbo to gem and arrives very late. She spends the night in the catechist s house. She explains herself to the catechist on the morning of the next day. He takes her to the chapel and she is inducted in to Christianity. She learns the ways of the new religion quickly and thirstily. She is then baptised Maria. CHAPTER 3 NYABERA'S RETURNNyabera returns from Gem and goes to her mother in Yimbo. Though Akoko can tell that she is pleased with the new religion and her new name, she is able to tell that her daughter is uneasy. Nyabera opens up and admits that she felt that something was lacking as she was alone in Aluor. She asks her mother to accompany her to gem. Akoko agrees and together with her grandchildren travel to Gem. CHAPTER 4 LIFE IN GEMOn arrival in Aluor the children are enrolled in catechism classes and reading classes where they show determination and zeal in their study. They are baptised into Christianity and they receive new names. Owuor is renamed Peter, Awiti is named Elizabeth and Akoko is named veronica. Soon after, news reaches Maria that Ogoma Kwach's wife had died. The desire to have children drives her to return to her matrimonial home without an explanation to her mother. Meanwhile peter develops an interest in priesthood and confides in Awiti. He is afraid to tell Akoko as he does not want to disappoint her. The two decide to wait for Nyabera to return so that they seek her assistance.


Meanwhile peter develops an interest in priesthood and confides in Awiti. He is afraid to tell Akoko as he does not want to disappoint her. The two decide to wait for Nyabera to return so that they seek her assistance. CHAPTER 5 THE VOCATIONAfter a few years, Nyabera returns to Aluor, dejected and beaten by life. She confesses to her mother Akoko, before proceeding to spend the night in church. Owuor proves to be quite helpful to her and she loves him like a son. Owuor takes to reading bible verses to Nyabera which she finds quite comforting. He then informs her about his desire to take up the vocation. They then proceed to talk to Akoko. Akoko agrees on the condition that he changes his name to peter owuor Kembo. Owuor is able to pursue priesthood. CHAPTER 6 AWITI'S EDUCATIONOwuor joins the seminary and his cousin is enrolled into primary school. There are very few girls as the society does not value the education of the girl child. Also a lot of girls get married at a young age. Elizabeth proves to be diligent and tops the class all through. By the time she sits for the final exam she is the only girl in the class. She excels and is invited to a teachers' training college. Nyabera fears that she might lose her and is unwilling to accept the news. Akoko reprimands Nyabera for her behaviour and urges her to allow her daughter to pursue her dreams. Akoko misses her husband and wishes he were present to helm with the decision. CHAPTER 7 LIFE IN COLLEGEAwiti work hard in college and unlike the other students, she does not engage in relationships like the other students. She turns down overtures from several men and is therefore feared. This is made worse when it is learnt that herb brother is in the seminary and both her mother and grandmother live at the mission. She finally meets Mark Antony Oloo Sigu during an exeat. Mark inquires about her and informs her about himself. He mentions that he was in the army and has been called to work in Nakuru. They part when she agrees to reply to his letters when he writes. CHAPTER 8 AWITI'S BETROTHALAwiti and mark interact through the letters they send each other. They talk about their lives, families and each other.


They part when she agrees to reply to his letters when he writes. CHAPTER 8 AWITI'S BETROTHALAwiti and mark interact through the letters they send each other. They talk about their lives, families and each other. After a few months of the engagements, mark states that he would like to meet her parents. Awiti goes to Aluor to deliver the exciting piece of news. Her mother, Maria is a bit opposed but Akoko wins her over and preparations are made. Male relatives are sent for from Yimbo and Sakwa. Peter owuor Kembo is also sent for from the seminary. They make preparations for the day and kong is brewed and several delicacies made. The day arrives and mark Antony arrives with his delegation. He is dressed in military fatigues a monkey head dress and bears a shield. They are warmly welcome and introductions done. To the surprise of mark and his delegation, the bride price is set at a token bull, two cows and six goats. There is much celebration after the negotiations are completed. Akoko is hard laughing with her grandson in law. She dies peacefully in her sleep later in the nightCHAPTER 9 AKOKO IS LAID TO RESTAkoko is buried in Aluor in where she had spent most of life. Peter owuor Kembo is among the deacons who conduct the mass. Her death is hard to accept as she seemed to be full of life. Awiti is so devastated that she almost calls of the wedding. Nyabera comforts her by telling the life story of Akoko. She finally calms down and apologises to Mark, who had been with peter owuor. CHAPTER 10 AWITI'S MARRIAGEAfter the mourning period, peter goes to Rome to complete his studies. He is later ordained a priest and his first duty was to preside over the wedding between Elizabeth and mark. The newly wedded couple moves from Aluor to live in Nakuru. Shortly afterwards, Elizabeth becomes pregnant. Unfortunately she and mark misdiagnose the symptoms for malaria thus leading to the loss of the twins. It takes a long time before she can conceive again. Her mother in law start to complain about the lack of grandchildren but mark stops her from prying. Elizabeth gets pregnant again and this time the couple are happy and cautious to ensure nothing goes wrong.


It takes a long time before she can conceive again. Her mother in law start to complain about the lack of grandchildren but mark stops her from prying. Elizabeth gets pregnant again and this time the couple are happy and cautious to ensure nothing goes wrong. PART 3 LOVE AND LIFELove and Life yanks us from the painful oppression of death into a new realm of love and understanding. Mark Sigu, we can now imagine what they talked about with Akoko, steers his family away from tradition into the new sphere of the evolving world. He is blessed with 7 children 4 boys and three girls. Each child has different personality. We see Mark and Elizabeth as capable parents who administer discipline and love to their children. The two parents provide education food and shelter to their new life and work best to establish family unity. Despite her love for her children, Elizabeth keeps a straight head and clear vision not to spoil her kids. She stands behind when Aoro is punished by his father, though she knew the punishment was punitive and way above discipline, she took a back step until it was time for her intervention. She also steps back when Mark pours his love over their last born Mary but does her best to reign him in so that Mary does not end up too spoilt. On the other hand, we silently follow the children as they grow into adulthood. From the brave and confident Vera to her timid and self possessed twin sister. The relationship of the two girls sours as they take on different personalities in life. Aoro and Antony also come out strongly shaping their destinies different ways though the show unrivalled level of competence. Aoro takes medicine while Anthoy joins the seminary. The twins Opiyo and Odongo also manifest differently. CHAPTER 1 THE YOUNG COUPLEElizabeth delivers twins, veronica and Rebecca. The two girls have varying personalities. Vera is independent, intelligent and protective of her sister. Rebecca on the other hand, is quite attractive and self -centred. When they are two years old, Elizabeth gave birth to another child, a boy Aoro. Due to the state of emergency, mark opts to move his family back to Aluor. His mother is quite unhappy about this but he does not change his stand. Mark gets lonely while Elizabeth is away and engages in extramarital affairs. A certain girl stays with him for some time and later claims that she is pregnant. This brings mark back to his sense and he sends her away.


Mark gets lonely while Elizabeth is away and engages in extramarital affairs. A certain girl stays with him for some time and later claims that she is pregnant. This brings mark back to his sense and he sends her away. He then goes to Aluor to get his family. Elizabeth hears rumours of the infidelity but says nothing about it. CHAPTER 2 VERA AND BECKY S EDUCATION. Kenya gains independence and the citizens celebrate. The country is faced with numerous challenges but equally numerous opportunities. Mark gets promoted and moves to a bigger house as his family has grown. He now has seven children that include Vera, Becky, Aoro, Antony, Opiyo Odongo and Mary. Vera is an excellent student in school. Becky on the other hand does not give her studies much effort. Vera excels in her primary level exam and is called to a national school which she declines as she wanted that to go to her sister s school. Her parents are concerned but later agree to let her go to a school of her choice. CHAPTER 3 AORO'S ADVENTURESAoro is compared to Obura who was swift bright confident and curious. The company of his younger brothers makes him more adventurous than usual. One day they go fishing at a nearby river. As he and tony are busy one of the twins, Odongo, almost drowns. Opiyo screams alerting the older brothers who come to his rescue. They go back home wet, and shaken. The younger boys blame the older ones for the event and Aoro and tony are punished. The older boys decide to never take their smaller brothers anywhere after the incident. Tony later develops acute appendicitis and is rushed to hospital in the night. Aoro is worried and informs his older sisters. The later receive news that their brother will be well after the operation. CHAPTER 4. AORO'S EPIPHANYAoro is fascinated by Tony s stitches and gains an interest in medicine. He operates on a frog successfully. Uncle peter comes to visit them and though every child warms u to hi, tony is particularly curious about priesthood and has a lot of questions. Mark is a bit apprehensive as he notices that tony is eyeing priesthood. Most parents are not comfortable with their children joining priesthood. Peter is getting a promotion to bishop. He stays a while then visits his aunt Maria in Aluor.


Most parents are not comfortable with their children joining priesthood. Peter is getting a promotion to bishop. He stays a while then visits his aunt Maria in Aluor. It is later on decided that Opiyo and Odongo should go to Aluor to keep their grandmother company and attend the school their mother went to. Aoro excels in his studies and is called to the best school in the country. This inspires tony to work hard so that he can join him. Aoro has difficulty in school and is suspended for indiscipline. Mark deals with him by telling to seek his own food and shelter. Aoro is remorseful and fears his father. He returns to school and does his best. CHAPTER 5 MARY'S BIRTHThe chapter takes us back to the birth the pregnancy was difficult for Elizabeth. She developed high blood pressure and threatened miscarriage on several occasion. The doctors feared for both mother and child and they have to be admitted. Mary's birth had to be induced and she is named after her grandmother. Mark loves Mary deeply and gives her all the best. He sends her to private school and makes an effort to personally pick and drop her. This draws envy Becky who was used to being the centre of attention. Becky tries to complain and gets a scathing response from her sister Vera. This results is an argument that leads the sisters to drift apart. CHAPTER 6 MARIA'S DEATHExamination results are announced and Vera has done exceptionally well. Becky attains a second division which she is well pleased with. Antony gets 36 points in his primary certificate examinations and is delighted as he had earned a spot in Aoro's school. Becky suggests that she would like to get a job but Mark insists that she must continue with her education. A telegram is sent from Aluor informing them that Maria is unwell. Elizabeth is picked from the school by Mark as she is beside herself. Mark does his best to leave everything in order before they leave for Aluor. Elizabeth is beside Maria when he dies in hospital later on that day. CHAPTER 7 BECKY RUNS AWAYOpiyo and Odongo return to Nakuru after the burial of Maria. Education is of importance to the Sigu family as examinations approach and everyone is tense as there are 5 candidates in the house.


Elizabeth is beside Maria when he dies in hospital later on that day. CHAPTER 7 BECKY RUNS AWAYOpiyo and Odongo return to Nakuru after the burial of Maria. Education is of importance to the Sigu family as examinations approach and everyone is tense as there are 5 candidates in the house. Aoro was sitting for his O- level, Vera and Becky are sitting for their A-level and Opiyo and Odongo for the certificate of primary education. Vera and Becky are now are in their prime and boys begin to pay a lot of attention to them. Vera meets Tommy Muhambe who is particularly persistent. She brings up the question on whether she can go to a movie with Tommy to her father during dinner. When the results are announced, Aoro excels with 6 distinctions, Vera got two A's and a B, Becky flunked. After the result Becky runs away from home and leaves a note stating that she had gone to try to be an air hostess. Vera tries to explain to her parents that they should let her be. CHAPTER 8 CAMPUS LIFEVera goes to campus and is struck by the new found freedom. Most campus girls are dating rich affluent men or other campus students. Vera maintains her relationship with Tommy but when he proposes to her she declines ending their 3 year relationship. Vera leaves with a heavy heart and decide to try and find her sister Becky. She accidentally bumps into her at the airport and leave for Becky apartments. CHAPTER 9 BECKY'S RELATIONSHIP WITH JOHNBecky takes Vera to an affluent block of apartments. She introduces Vera to her fianc , John Courtney, a Canadian national who was a pilot. She tells Vera about her plans to get married, but Vera insists that he must first meet their parents. Vera tries to convince Becky to go back home. On john's persistence she finally agrees to visit her parents. CHAPTER 10 VERA JOINS OPUS DEIVera goes back to her room on campus and tells the day s events to her roommate Mary-Anne Ngugi. Vera mentions the heartbreak with Tommy and about her twin sister. The conversation extends to the larger family. Mary Anne then invites her to attend a recollection at Parkview college, which she readily agrees. After mass on Sunday Vera begins to question her religious beliefs. She watches a lay, and goes on with her studies as exams are approaching.


Mary Anne then invites her to attend a recollection at Parkview college, which she readily agrees. After mass on Sunday Vera begins to question her religious beliefs. She watches a lay, and goes on with her studies as exams are approaching. When the day comes, Mary -Anne and Vera board a matatu and head for the recollection. Vera is introduced to the members of Opus Dei who had different views about the church, and work challenges. She got out of the church puzzled and Mary-Anne offered to give her books which will help her understand better. PART 4: VARIABLE WINDSVariable winds suggest the changing course of the lives that the family experiences. There are the ups and downs that characterize their lives. Their lives diverge on different paths that bring with them sweet victories like Aoro s marriage, Wandia s doctorate, happy families among other events. There are also the difficulties like Daniel s down syndrome, Becky s death among other challenges that they encounter. There I also the frosting in the relationship between Becky and the rest of her family. The change in the way her children relate to her and the marked improvement they make under the care of Aoro and Wandia. CHAPTER ONE: AORO TAKES MEDICINEAoro starts medicine at the university. The study of Anatomy Biochemistry and Psychology among other subjects. Anatomy happens to be the most of the competitive subjects. In the laboratory, the students are told to the group themselves into groups of six. Group six had Aoro, Wandia, Makau Kithinji, Jeremy Kizingo, Paul Omondi Rakula, and Simon Onyancha. The competition is narrowed to two members of group six. After exams, Wandia beat Aoro with a single point. Aoro takes it in good grace and invites her to have a drink. This signifies the start of a long relationship. CHAPTER 2. AORO'S INTERNSHIPThe internship is hard for Aoro. He has to work around the clock while at the mercy of the residents and doctors. His rounds include the theatre, round in the wards and filling patient information as well as taking laboratory sample. He rarely gets enough sleep. Wandia is also an intern at Machakos general hospital. They are unable to meet for long periods of time as the rarely have time to meet. Aoro is taking a break to rest when Wandia visits him. They talk about marriage and Wandia proposes to Aoro.


They are unable to meet for long periods of time as the rarely have time to meet. Aoro is taking a break to rest when Wandia visits him. They talk about marriage and Wandia proposes to Aoro. Wandia informs Aoro that she was on her way to visit her mother who was sick. CHAPTER 3 WANDIAS FAMILYWandia had been raised by a single mother after her father had died while she was young. Her mother had raised money to educate them by working on her coffee farm. Her siblings were all grown up and engaged in different professions. Her sister Esther is a teacher who is married to the headmaster, Michael. Her brother Michael was a business man in Nairobi, Wandia is a doctor and timothy is described as being a good time boy. Wandia's mother suffers from diabetes and has an ulcer on her leg. Wandia's mother is still worried about her farm even though Wandia tells her that she does not need to work so hard. She spends time with her mother and even talks about Aoro. She then goes to spend the night with her sister Esther. She enjoys the company of her nieces and nephews. Later that evening they get time to talk and the topic of Aoro is brought up again. The rest of her family is concern about the different tribes but Wandia is not bothered. CHAPTER 4 WANDIA'S INTRODUCTIONAoro takes Wandia to his parent s farm in Njoro. After the visit to Wandia's family, Aoro wrote his parent a letter informing them that he would be bringing his bride to be home. Elizabeth is eager to meet them and is the one who receives them when they arrive. After the introductions, Elizabeth asks Wandia to help herb in the kitchen, giving mark and Aoro sometime to talk. Mark is concern that Aoro might have made a wrong decision by choosing to marry a kikuyu. Elizabeth and Wandia get along well and become good friends. They return with tea after they feel that the men had enough time to sort out their differences. CHAPTER 5 AORO WEDS WANDIAAoro and Wandia's wedding pulls the family together as that try to make it a success. Becky provides a car and Vera helps them get one of the company houses in Malindi. For the honeymoon. Vera and Wandia grow very close to each other.


Becky provides a car and Vera helps them get one of the company houses in Malindi. For the honeymoon. Vera and Wandia grow very close to each other. Becky is separated from john Courtney after he discovered that she was cheating on him. She had custody of their two children, Johnny, and Alicia. Becky lived a promiscuous life and insults Vera when she was confronted about it. Wandia is pregnant with twins and had been asked to stay home due to a cough. Vera visits Wandia and voices her concerns about her sister. They discuss Becky s health which seemed to be on the decline and her children's welfare. Wandia goes into labour. CHAPTER 6 DANIEL'S DOWN S SYNDROMEWandia gets twins, Lisa and Daniel. Daniel has down syndrome and grows at a slow rate. Lisa grows rapidly and makes the contrast between her and her twin brother so much more glaring. Wandia is devastated by his condition while Aoro feel like he had failed. Daniel is a loving child despite his condition and draws love from all around him. Becky dies of AIDS and Wandia and Aoro take in Alicia and Johnny since Vera, who had been appointed their guardian, cannot as her calling does not allow her to have a home. Becky lives behind a sizeable estate to ensure that they are well provided for. Daniel develops leukaemia as children with Down s syndrome are prone to it. Wandia is shocked by the turn of events. Daniel is taken to hospital and the doctor set about treating him as it is not one of the aggressive forms. Wandia visits church and asks God to save her son and promises to visit church more frequently. CHAPTER 7 FAMILY REUNIONWandia pursues her passion in haematology after the recovery of her son Daniel. She receives a scholarship to study in John Hopkins hospital in Baltimore, USA. She is however worried of living Aoro with the task of looking after their now large family. Alicia and Johnny loved them like their biological parents. At the end of the term all the children wanted to show how well they were doing in school, even Daniel who had Down s Syndrome was doing pretty well. The Aoro's take measure to ensure that the family is well tended while Wandia is away. The plan was to call Mary, Aoro s sister, to stay with the children besides hiring another house help.


At the end of the term all the children wanted to show how well they were doing in school, even Daniel who had Down s Syndrome was doing pretty well. The Aoro's take measure to ensure that the family is well tended while Wandia is away. The plan was to call Mary, Aoro s sister, to stay with the children besides hiring another house help. The family goes to Njoro to visit mark and Elizabeth. Odongo is the farm manager while his twin brother Opiyo is a manager at marks former farm. Opiyo visits with his family too, Edna his wife and their two children. Father tony also drops in. Wandia tells Elizabeth about the scholarship and she readily agrees, meanwhile Aoro and tony reminisce about their childhood. CHAPTER 8 WANDIA'S GRADUATIONBoth Mugo's and Sigu's families gather to celebrate Wandia s achievement as the first Kenyan woman to get a doctorate degree in medicine. There is a large gathering at the Aoro's home as relatives and friends join them in the celebration. Alicia, a student of design and music at Kenyatta university shadows her aunt Vera. Johnny and Daniel hover around Aoro and Wandia. Johnny faces an identity crisis and wishes to change his name to Aoro's name. He keeps African friends, speaks, Swahili and eats African dishes. Wandia tries to talk to him and afterwards ask Vera to write to John Courtney. Elizabeth wakes up to check on the children who are still up; she looks in on her grandchildren. She gets an attack of dizziness as she tries to adjust them. The following day Aoro receives a call from Opiyo informing him that their mother had died. She is buried next to her daughter as a large crowd comes to bid her farewell. THE RIVER AND THE SOURCETHEMESThemes refer to the general ideas, messages or lessons the writer has portrayed in his her literary piece of work. Therefore, under the study of themes, we particularly narrow our perspective to the main ideas in which the story if founded and on whose axis it revolves, and offers an avenue of continuity. It is important to note that while discussing themes, it is imperative for identification and illustration of the theme to be done, to promote understanding. A theme can simply be said to be the concern of the writer. It is simply what the writer says.


It is important to note that while discussing themes, it is imperative for identification and illustration of the theme to be done, to promote understanding. A theme can simply be said to be the concern of the writer. It is simply what the writer says. FAMILY RELATIONSThe novel addresses various issues revolving around family members, their closeness and their interactions. This is seen through various instances as follows;Chief Odero Gogni loves his daughter Akoko so much as seen through his over protectiveness. He wants the best for his daughter hence turns down 13 suitors he even mentions that a home without daughters is like a spring without a source. Akoko s brother Oloo too is seen to be so close to Akoko and loves her so much. When travelling to Kisuma he sends his sons Opiyo and Oloo to accompany her for protection. Oloo further does the unthinkable when he welcomes Akoko back when she is a widow and suffering. Owuor kembo and Akoko s marriage is a closely knit union. On marrying Akoko Owuor never marries any other wife despite pressure from his mother. On Owuor s death Akoko mourns him with so much dignity and with songs of praise recounting their life together and his greatness. Nyabera on settling at the new mission picks her mum her daughter and nephew Owuor to stay with them since they were so close to each other. They stay together so happily. Mark Sigu is a hardworking man who loves and fully provides for his family. They are all well educated and trained on responsibility. Mark is concerned when Vera asks for permission to go out with a man and fears for her. When Becky runs away to the city he is so concerned and almost follows her to the city. Aoro s and wandia s family are seen to co-exist and thrive in love and friendship. They even adopt Becky s children Alicia and Johny and even consider them their own. The Courtney children had become so much part of the family that Wandia never dreamed of excluding them from her calculations pg 291 GENDER RELATIONSThe society in The River and the Source is seen to be patriarchal. We are told that: If it was hard for a boy to get an education it was well nigh impossible for a girl.