10 marks b i State two advantages of using divided rectangles to representgeographical data. 2 marks ii Give four reasons why in 2005 and 2006 there were more touristsvisiting Kenya from Europe compared to those from other parts of theworld. 4 marks c Give five reasons why domestic tourism is being encouraged in Kenya. 5 marks 7. A State three physical conditions that favour coffee growing in the centralhighlands of Kenya. 3 marks b Describe the stages involved in coffee production from picking tomarketing. 8 marks c Explain four problems facing coffee farming in Brazil. 8 marks d Your geography class carried out a field study on a coffee farm. I State four methods the class may have used to collect data. 4 marks ii During the field study, the class collected data on quantities of coffeeproduced from the farm in the last five years. State two methods that the class may have used to present the data. 2 marks 8. A i What is visible trade? 2 marks ii List three major imports to Kenya from Japan. 3 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com105 b Explain four factors that influence internal trade in Kenya. 8 marks c State four ways in which trade is of significance to Kenya. 4 marks d Explain four benefits which member states of ECOWAS derive from theformation of the trading bloc. 8 marks 9. A i Name three agricultural non-food processing industries in Kenya. 3 marks ii State four ways in which Kenya has benefited from the motor-vehicleassembly industry. 4 marks b Explain three problems arising from industrialization in Kenya. 6 marks c Explain three factors which influenced the location of iron and steelindustry in the Ruhr region of Germany in the 19l Century. 6 marks d You intend to carry out a field study of a furniture-making industry inthe local market centre. I State two reasons why it would be necessary for you to visit the areaof study, in advance 2 marks ii For your field study you have prepared a work schedule.


4 marks ii During the field study, the class collected data on quantities of coffeeproduced from the farm in the last five years. State two methods that the class may have used to present the data. 2 marks 8. A i What is visible trade? 2 marks ii List three major imports to Kenya from Japan. 3 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com105 b Explain four factors that influence internal trade in Kenya. 8 marks c State four ways in which trade is of significance to Kenya. 4 marks d Explain four benefits which member states of ECOWAS derive from theformation of the trading bloc. 8 marks 9. A i Name three agricultural non-food processing industries in Kenya. 3 marks ii State four ways in which Kenya has benefited from the motor-vehicleassembly industry. 4 marks b Explain three problems arising from industrialization in Kenya. 6 marks c Explain three factors which influenced the location of iron and steelindustry in the Ruhr region of Germany in the 19l Century. 6 marks d You intend to carry out a field study of a furniture-making industry inthe local market centre. I State two reasons why it would be necessary for you to visit the areaof study, in advance 2 marks ii For your field study you have prepared a work schedule. State twoitems you would include in the schedule. 2 marks iii Give two advantages of studying about furniture making throughfieldwork. 2 marks 10.The map below shows the location of some urban centres in East Africa.


A i What is visible trade? 2 marks ii List three major imports to Kenya from Japan. 3 marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com105 b Explain four factors that influence internal trade in Kenya. 8 marks c State four ways in which trade is of significance to Kenya. 4 marks d Explain four benefits which member states of ECOWAS derive from theformation of the trading bloc. 8 marks 9. A i Name three agricultural non-food processing industries in Kenya. 3 marks ii State four ways in which Kenya has benefited from the motor-vehicleassembly industry. 4 marks b Explain three problems arising from industrialization in Kenya. 6 marks c Explain three factors which influenced the location of iron and steelindustry in the Ruhr region of Germany in the 19l Century. 6 marks d You intend to carry out a field study of a furniture-making industry inthe local market centre. I State two reasons why it would be necessary for you to visit the areaof study, in advance 2 marks ii For your field study you have prepared a work schedule. State twoitems you would include in the schedule. 2 marks iii Give two advantages of studying about furniture making throughfieldwork. 2 marks 10.The map below shows the location of some urban centres in East Africa. A i Name the towns marked P, Q and R. ii Name the minerals that influenced the growth of the townsmarked X and Y. 2 marks b Explain four factors that have led to the growth of Eldoret as a majortown in Kenya. 8 marks c Compare the ports of Mombasa and Rotterdam under the following subheadings:For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com106 i site; 2 marks ii transport links to the interior; 2 marks iii the hinterland; 2 marks iv port facilities. 2 marks d Explain two ways in which urbanization negatively affects the surroundingagricultural areas. 4marks For More Free KCSE past papers visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


1433.13HOME SCIENCE 441 3.13.1 Home Science Paper 1 441 1 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com144For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com145For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com1463.13.2 Home Science Paper 2 441 2 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com147 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com1483.13.3 Home Science Food and Nutrition Paper 3 441 3 For More Free KCSE Past papers Visit www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


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Give a reason marks 15 Soap dissolves in water according tothe equation below;NaSt Na SE where Sts the stearate ton, 2 Write the formula ofthe scum formed when soap is used in hard water. 1 mark Write the ionic equation forthe reaction that occurs when sodium carbonate is usedto remove hardness in water 1 mark 16 Ethanoic acid and ethanol react as shown in the equation below: CH.COOH,, CHOH, S CH,COOCH,,, H,0,, Other than warming, how would the state of equilibrium be established within a short ime? 0 mark 30718 The set up below was used to prepare a gas and study some of its properties. Study it andanswer the questions that follow: 2 State and explain the observations made in the: tube labeled A; mark Gi deaker labelled B. 0 mark U mark Under certain conditions, chlorine gas reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodiumhypochlorite a Name the conditions under which sodium hydroxide reacts with chlorine to formsodium hypochlorite. 1 mark b State two uses of sodium hypochlorite 2 marks 0kg of ammonium sulphate NH, ,SO, and 30kg of urea COONH, : Fertilizers were appliedin two equal sizes of plots A and B to enrich their nitrogen content. Show by working, whichplot was more enriched with nitrogen. N 14; 32; O 16; C 12; H 1 G marks Describe how the Pof anti-acid Acta powder can be determined in the laboratory. 2 marks 331a2Graphite is one ofthe allotropes of carbon, a Name one other element which exhibits allotropy. Mark The table below gives some propenis of three elements in group VII of the periodic tableSSudy it and answer the questions that follow: Element Atomic Melting Point Bolling PointNo. Co, eo Chiorine 17 101 347Bromine 35 7 388Todine 3 1 184 2 Which element isin liquid form at room temperature?


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Figure 2 shows an incomplete cireuit for an electromagnet,A, Soft Iron P QFigure? Complete the diagram to show how a battery should be connected at A so that thepolarities at P and Q are South and North respectively. Mark State two ways in which the strength ofthe electromagnet in a can be increased. 2 marks 5. Inassirea, sound is produced when a jet of air is directed perpendicular toa rng of holes on arotating wheel. Explain the effect onthe pitch of sound produced when the speed of rotation ofthe whl is increased marks 6. State the reason why the current produced by a simple cel flls rapidly when the cel is beingsed, mark , Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 1232 2 Turn over47. Figure 3 shows a cell connected in series with an ammeter, a 20 resistor and a switch. A voltmeter is connected across the cell. Ia 5svs 1 Figure 3With the switch open, the voltmeter reads 1S V. Given thatthe internal resistance ofthe ellis0.5 Q, determine the ammeter reading when the switch is closed. G marks 8. State two uses of gamma rays in medicine. 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 23239. Figure shows the input and output signals on a CRO sereen when two diodes are used duringa full wave rectification. G marks 10, State how the intensity of X-rays in an X-ray tube can be increased. Mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 212 Turn over11, Figure shows part of the lighting circuit in a house. :. N T oa ox a BNakeswesox ras in iat emu 12, Uranium decays as shown below. By , 230.Su Oth x Name the particle X that is emitted during this decay. Mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 2322713, State the disadvantage of using a convex mirror as a driving mirror, mark 14, Figure 6 shows radiation from the sun passing through glass in a greenhouse onto the floor. Theloor then emits radiation.


:N T oa ox a BNakeswesox ras in iat emu 12, Uranium decays as shown below. By , 230.Su Oth x Name the particle X that is emitted during this decay. Mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 2322713, State the disadvantage of using a convex mirror as a driving mirror, mark 14, Figure 6 shows radiation from the sun passing through glass in a greenhouse onto the floor. Theloor then emits radiation. Radiationfrom the suc J Glassy xBE 3Figure 6 State the name ofthe radiation emitted by the floor. 1 mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 2322 Turn overSECTION B 55 marks Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.15. On the axes provided, sketch a graph of capacitance against the area of overlap of theplates ofa parallel-plate capacitor. 0 mark Capacitance Area of Overlap, Dawa circuit diagram that may be used to investigate the discharging process ofa capacitor. 2 marks Gi Onthe axes provided sketch the graph of potential difference between the platesagainst time for the discharging process. 1 mark Potentialdifferenceotime Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 23272 Figure 7 shows three capacitors connected to a 6V battery. 2uF11it4uk3ukihovFigure 7 'Determine the effective capacitance marks Gi total charge stored 2 marks Gi potential difference across the 4y-F capacitor 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 232 Turn over1016. Define the following terms as used in waves:Amplitude 1 mark Gi Wavelength 1 mark Figure 8 shows water waves approaching a stright reflector at speed of 40 cms. Aan nem adegmnntntewe mat Gi Given thatthe distance between the source and the reflector is 15 em determine:1. The wavelength of the waves 2 marks Tl.


2uF11it4uk3ukihovFigure 7 'Determine the effective capacitance marks Gi total charge stored 2 marks Gi potential difference across the 4y-F capacitor 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 232 Turn over1016. Define the following terms as used in waves:Amplitude 1 mark Gi Wavelength 1 mark Figure 8 shows water waves approaching a stright reflector at speed of 40 cms. Aan nem adegmnntntewe mat Gi Given thatthe distance between the source and the reflector is 15 em determine:1. The wavelength of the waves 2 marks Tl. The frequency of the waves 2 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 23722Figure 10 shows a ray of light travelling from glass to a AirJ GassFigure 10sine the: . Critical angle ofthe glass air interface i mark Gi refractive index of glass 2 marks f A piece of metal is embedded atthe centre of an ice block 15cm from the surface of theice. Given that the refractive index of ice is 1.32, determine how far from the surface ofthe ice block the metal appears to be- GB marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 201923212 919360Figure 9 shows light rays from two coherent sources S, Dark and bright fringes are observed between A and B. Figure 9 State how:1. Bright fringes are formed TL dark fringes are formed i State what is observed when light ofa higher fi Kenya Certificate of Secondary Edueati2322W.919360 B Figure 11 shows two rays of incident on a diverging lens. F Figure 1Complete the ray diagram to show the path of the rays after passing through the lens. Marks Stateewo differences between the human eye and camera ens. 2 marks ii State the name ofthe part of the eye that enable the lens to focus images of objects at different distances, 1 mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 2322 Turn over418 Describe how a magnet can be demagnetised using the electrical method. 2.


Bright fringes are formed TL dark fringes are formed i State what is observed when light ofa higher fi Kenya Certificate of Secondary Edueati2322W.919360 B Figure 11 shows two rays of incident on a diverging lens. F Figure 1Complete the ray diagram to show the path of the rays after passing through the lens. Marks Stateewo differences between the human eye and camera ens. 2 marks ii State the name ofthe part of the eye that enable the lens to focus images of objects at different distances, 1 mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 2322 Turn over418 Describe how a magnet can be demagnetised using the electrical method. 2. Marks b Youre provided with two iron bars P and Q. One of the bars is magnetised while theother isnot. Explain how the magnetised bar can be identified without using a magnet or magnetic material, 2 marks Figure 12 shows two identical copper coils X and Y placed close to each other. Coil X isconnected to a DC power supply while col Y is connected to a galvanometer. Figure 12 Explain what is observed on the galvanometer when the switch is closed. 4 marks Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 23721s State what is observed on the galvanometer when the switch is opened. I mark i State what would be observed if the number of tums in col Y is doubled. 1 mark 19 Define halflife as used in radioactivity. 1 mark b Figure 13 shows a device used to detect radioactivity by forming tracks when air isionised. GlassiNDark screen IT PistonFigure 13, State the name of the device shown. 1 mark i State how air inthe device gets ionised mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 23272 Turn over16 ii Describe how tracks are formed, GB marks State two factors that determine the speed of the photoelectrons emitted from ametal surface. 2 marks Gi Theenergy ofa photon of light is 2.21 ev.


GlassiNDark screen IT PistonFigure 13, State the name of the device shown. 1 mark i State how air inthe device gets ionised mark Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 23272 Turn over16 ii Describe how tracks are formed, GB marks State two factors that determine the speed of the photoelectrons emitted from ametal surface. 2 marks Gi Theenergy ofa photon of light is 2.21 ev. Electronic charge is 1.6.x 10-"Candplanks constant his 6.63.x 10 AJs 1.Express this energy in joules mark Hl, Determine the frequeney of the light that produces the photon. 2 marks THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919360 23272.


THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIOS COUNCIL nya Certlflcat of cond ry Education Ill 22 ho A am ..................... ....Paper I t .............. . Dat .............. ' .............. ' ... ...... .In tructlons to Candidates a Write your name and Index number in the spaces provided above. B Sign and write the date of examlnadon In the spaces provided above. C This paper consists of two sections: Section I and Section II. D Answer all the questions In Section I and only five quesdons from Section II,I e Show all the steps In your calculatlon, giving your answers at each stage In the spacesprovided below each question. F Marks may be given for correct working even If the answer Is wrong. G Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used, exceptwhere stated otherwise. H This paper consists of 19 printed pages, i Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed asIndicated and that no questions are missing. 0 Candidates should answer the questions In English,,For Examiner's Use Only Section II 2 34 5 Section II 6 7 8 9 10 II I 'e 12 , .,. 17 18 19: 20 21 22 23 24 Tota11 , ' 1011 The Kt11J a Nat 0110 Exami11atio,u Council121 1 13 . . I 14 ,.ri 516 Total ,, . :1 Grand Total D Turn o, er Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comSECTION I 50 marks Amwcr oil the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1.ol 'c for"611 25. II r , II n C n :: -5 n - 1 rt 2- .5n t .5 :: D n ;t.- l vi ...


:1 Grand Total D Turn o, er Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comSECTION I 50 marks Amwcr oil the questions in this section in the spaces provided. 1.ol 'c for"611 25. II r , II n C n :: -5 n - 1 rt 2- .5n t .5 :: D n ;t.- l vi ... ,vV t-5 -o n- E n-E 0 dn -E - o 7 n z 1 t j' -5::::. 0 i: 11 2 3 marks 2.A family used two-fifths of its monthly income on school fees. Three-quarters of the remaining amount was used on family upkeep while the rest was invested. The family invested Ksh 13 500 monthly. Calculate the amount of money the family used on school fees every month. 4 marks f.a,.e, 11, f ,vti t - t -1-i 'E' . '. .5 '! 5 xii j- -i-i ,- 5 tl:o 5 U - ldEVV Z6 - r o6DV 1 :: ,,0- f Oob - Kenya Cer1ificate of Secondary Education, 2022121 l Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comJ.olv' fi r, in the equation.',. I - 500E .zx- E .u ..500,oX. ,51 - b ::: 80D kt6 ;11 bA. ,L: . Fs K - 1.c. ::. .5 oo Eoo !: :::. -. 0.2.E .5.x. -. 5't 3 marks -62.F I A ,J,ewwi, I t!c,n,f' JX rill4.Kipkocch nnd Tnnui began n 5 000 m race together at the starting line. Kipkoech and Tanui took72 seconds and 80 seconds respectively to run a 400m lap.


, c a ::: 5-a -t b ::- -5 cJ h - ;i.: . Q E, ... oi 3 marks Kenyon bank bought and sold United Arab Emirates UAE dirhams on two different dates as shown below. Buying Ksh Selling Ksh 1st August 2021 1 UAE dirham 28.40 28.90 16th August 2021 l UAE dirham28.00 28.40 A Kenyan tourist who travelled to UAE on 1st August 2021 converted Ksh 130 050 to UAE dirhams. During her stay in UAE, she spent 3 520 U AE dirhams. She arrived back to Kenya on 16th August 2021. On the same day she converted the remaining amount of money to Kenya shillings at the same bank. Calculate the amount of money in Kenya shillings that she received from the bank. 3 marks 'pV 06V J ;ig: ;oR.2"-laOi Jo .,. QXPR"' A:-, r,. U::: 46 oo- c.3.5cW hi Q le,w J Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2022 121 l 117138 Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comt , 11 d tn p :t erect d rticnlly i. 20 rn from point Pon the some level ground. The angle, f cl nti n of th top, . Of the po t from r is 30 . Iven that S is the mid point of the post,ak ulatc. C ITC t to I dccimnl pince, the nngle of elevation of S from P. 3 marks t. R s f. 2 6 7 J Given that A 211 , 8 " ' and w. 5 u3 and BA ,!


C ITC t to I dccimnl pince, the nngle of elevation of S from P. 3 marks t. R s f. 2 6 7 J Given that A 211 , 8 " ' and w. 5 u3 and BA ,! V , determine the values ofw 3 marks l'f-6",U J.'1 ,: yul8't.l -'ll 9 8"1. FG 1-l q y - ;27 f,n qlli:;,, 25 - 2 ;:: t.v J9 w - ',3317138Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2022 121 1 Turn over Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.com14. Ore 54ml and 250ml respectively. The difference in theTh npn itic. Of two imilor contninc h i hts of the t, o containers i 4 cm. Olculnte the height of the larger container. 1--Sf .at, :::: 1.. P:f J.1 - BE 3 fur' l a 21 - tr - :: .K !.! 3 Ex ;:. 3X'tra 9 x G -H. arrt .CCni:lr ; G t'1 :::: w CM 3 lnarks 15.The table below shows the mean marks in a mathematics test of two classes. Class Number of students Mean mark X 43 65 y 45 62 Calculate, correct to 2 decimal places, the mean mark of the classes. 43 6-B t b.i 4J t fE - 3. Lf-1 2 marks Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comHi. Th ha I m-. F ri ht pyramid is n regular hexagon of i e 2.5 cm. Point V i the vertex of rh p mid 111d th I n th f the. Inn tin edge. I 4em. Dm, 'n In llcd n t of th J yr mid.


Inn tin edge. I 4em. Dm, 'n In llcd n t of th J yr mid. V 3 marks -,11,, Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.comI .. 10 11 50 murk . 11,e ,1acc. 'i provided. All "11' '1' m1,1 fi1' ' 'fll '. F oll. 'i Ill r!,ls , cc 1011 Ill ontrn tor hir d nrn nml Tntu to tronsport I 44 tonnes of stone to building sites A and B.1i tmn P rt 4 tonne or tone foro distance of28km, the contrnctor paid Ksh24000. N cmn lion ported 96 tonnes of stone to itc A, a distance of 49 km. I nlculatc th e amount of money thot wns paid to Wcma.4 X 'f X J.1 OOD ;i tf LJ1- 8"1 WCJ 2 marks ii For every 8 tonnes of stones Wcma transported to site A, he spent Ksh 3 000.Calculate the profit Wema made.fxf n;U A '1i- O . -3 f5DO f 'Yl'if; J:, f- 000 - aG O OD - 1- .dk lf o,; D . 3 marks b Tatu transported the remaining 48 tonnes of s Tatu made 44 profit, calculate the a Bnes to site B, a distance of 84 km. If . Cnt o money Tatu spent to transport the stones.flt : i2"x 't;, ;VfOOO :::: !,. YSh. 7;J. OoO 3 marks I Oo-'f' X '7J.. voo f 6t t, 0h-. LfO 3.20 c Determine the ratio of the profit made b W Y ema lo that made b T Y atu.


I o. is t - 2.s t - ::z 6 t 12.. .61 o. 2E ff ! 1-1,l Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.coml.. A lll 'I mark 'I sold 510 pocket of milk doily when the price was K h SO per packet. Hen ,. R the pr ice per packet n increased hy K h 4, the number of packets sold daily d rco. Cd by 20. If,, r prcscnt lhc number of times the price was incrca eel: n write on ex pre ion in term of II for i lhe price of a packet of milk nf cr the price was increased. -. 50 t lfn ii the number of packets of milk sold afier the price was increased.::: ';. 3o-wn 1 mark J mark iii the total sales, in simplified expanded form, after the price of a packet of milkwas increased. 2 marks S :: ED t 'tV1 .5t3D- .Wn s : - 8Dl .1. ;- ". Cio .Jtt :i6 ! 500 9Qn;i t I W n t .Eoo b Determine:317138 i the number of times the price was increased to attain maximum sales. 3 marks s -o -16on -'-t 2--0 . -x,- I ii the price of a packet of milk for maximum sales.5o -t tX1 l . Iii the maximum sales.s :::. - '? D 1 J t II w 1 l t ;; .6 oCJb ::: ,,JO 30 Jf .W Kenya Certificate o Seconda,y Education, 2022 121 1 l mark 2 marks Turn o, er Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.com24.Tnnnglc AA nnd A'B' 'nrc drnwn on the grid provided. A Describe fully a single transformation that mapped triangle ABC onto triangle A 'B'C'. ,. '. 2 marks 1 ,,.


3 marks s -o -16on -'-t 2--0 . -x,- I ii the price of a packet of milk for maximum sales.5o -t tX1 l . Iii the maximum sales.s :::.- '? D 1 J t II w 1 l t ;; .6 oCJb ::: ,,JO 30 Jf .W Kenya Certificate o Seconda,y Education, 2022 121 1 l mark 2 marks Turn o, er Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.com24.Tnnnglc AA nnd A'B' 'nrc drnwn on the grid provided. A Describe fully a single transformation that mapped triangle ABC onto triangle A 'B'C'. ,. '. 2 marks 1 ,,."'f'" '-'l, J0,cJ0-cf!J,, - ,i ow uJ- o,oJ Kenya Certificate of Secondary Educatio11, 2022 Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.com h n the.am grid, drow:i tnnnglc "B" "the image of trinnglc J ' 3' 'under a rotntion of 90 about 0, 0 . 2 marks ii triangle A"'B"'C", the image of triangle A"B"C" under a reflection in the line J' - x. 2 marks A"' -:i, -8' I .B"' -r;,, -0 , c."' -1,-.2. :, ! .,tJ'y ' e Draw the line of symmetry of triangle A'B'C' and hence determine its equation in theform y nu c, where m and care constants. 4 marks , - , G, -s 1' -1 :: - 5 - - c;; -y .C.-;..- f y ... as I c.3- ;, 3 THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.Access free revision content at www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


311 1HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT Paper 1 Nov. 20162'A hoursTHE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Kenya Certificate of Secondary EducationHISTORY AND GOVERNMENT Paper 12Vi hoursInstructions to candidates a This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C. b Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C. c Answers to all the questions must be written in the answer booklet provided. D This paper consists of 4 printed pages. E Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing. F Candidates should answer the questions in English.916150 2016 The Kenya National Examinations CouncilTurnfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com2SECTION A 25 marks Answer all the questions in this section.1. Identify one disadvantage of using anthropology as a source of information in History andGovernment. 1 mark 2. Identify two communities in Kenya which belong to the Western Bantu group. 2 marks 3. State two similarities in the political organisation of the Ameru and Abaluhya of Kenya during the 19th Century. 2 marks 4. Give one economic duty of a Kenyan citizen. 1 mark 5. Identify two foreign powers that took control of the Kenyan Coast during the 16th Century. 2 marks 6. Which factor influenced Seyyid Said to develop agriculture in Zanzibar during the 16th Century? 2 marks 7. State two ways through which the construction of the Uganda railway facilitated thecolonisation of Kenya. 2 marks 8. State the meaning of Direct democracy . 1 mark 9. Give two Education Commissions appointed by the Government of Kenya to review theEducation System since independence. 2 marks 10. Identify one reason why the government may limit one s freedom of expression in Kenya. 1 mark 11. State two features of African farming in Kenya during the colonial period. 2 marks 12. What was the main reason why the second Lancaster House Conference was held in 1962? 1 mark 916150Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016311 1for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com313.


A State three challenges that hinder government effort to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya. 3 marks rO-uG b Describe six factors that hay,emf uencbd industrialisation in Kenya since independence.. 12 marks vW916150Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016311 1Turn overfor free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com4SECTION C 30 marks Answer any two questions from this section in the booklet provided.22. A Identify five circumstances that can make a registered voter be denied the right to vote inKenya. 5 marks b Describe the rights of an accused person in a court of law during trial in Kenya. 10 marks 23. A b 24. A b Name five types of courts in Kenya. 5 marks Explain the importance of separation of powers between the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary in Kenya. 10 marks Give the three categories of the Kenya Defence Forces. 3 marks Explain six challenges encountered by the Kenya Police Service in the course of discharging their duties. ;. 12 marks THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.916150Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2016311 1for free past papers visit: www.freekcsepastpapers.com.


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THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCILKenya Certificate of Secondary Education565 1 BUSINESS STUDIES Paper 1Nov. 2019 - 2 hours Name ... Index Number Candidate's Signature Date Instructi ns to candidates a Write your ame and index number in the spaces provided above,HL Signend write the dete of examination in the spaces provided above. 0 Answer alle questions nthe spaces provided inthe question paper ch Ths poper consists of 12 printed pages. 0 Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that al the pages ae printed asindicated ond tat no question ae miesiog. 0 Candidates should answer the questions in English. Question 1 2 3 4 s5 6 7 8 3 1 2 13Score Question 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Score ITOTALSCORE 2019 The Kenya National Examinations Council565 71919318Turn over21. State whether the commodity or service given inthe table below would satisfy a basic humanwant ora secondary human want. CommodityService Ashi Education Housing A packet of rice Entertainment, Haircut Green grams Aw 4 marks 2 Outline four factors that make office managers to communicate in writing to ther staff 919318 4 marks Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019S68 13 The information given below was extracted from the books of Birika Traders on 31 December 2014: 4 marks Details Amount Ksh Fumiture and fittings 234,000Debtors 67,500Capital 157,900 Commission earned 13,200Creditors 34,750Drawings 21,800 S year Bank Loan 114,450Discount received 3,000Required: Prepare Birika Traders Trial Balance as at 31 December 2014, Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919318 68 1 Turn overA4919318 Ow Outline four roles played by the Nairobi Securities Exchange in the Kenyan economy. 4 marks Kenya Cortese of Secondary Edacation, 2019156.


Question 1 2 3 4 s5 6 7 8 3 1 2 13Score Question 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Score ITOTALSCORE 2019 The Kenya National Examinations Council565 71919318Turn over21. State whether the commodity or service given inthe table below would satisfy a basic humanwant ora secondary human want. CommodityService Ashi Education Housing A packet of rice Entertainment, Haircut Green grams Aw 4 marks 2 Outline four factors that make office managers to communicate in writing to ther staff 919318 4 marks Kenya Cerificate of Secondary Education, 2019S68 13 The information given below was extracted from the books of Birika Traders on 31 December 2014: 4 marks Details Amount Ksh Fumiture and fittings 234,000Debtors 67,500Capital 157,900 Commission earned 13,200Creditors 34,750Drawings 21,800 S year Bank Loan 114,450Discount received 3,000Required: Prepare Birika Traders Trial Balance as at 31 December 2014, Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919318 68 1 Turn overA4919318 Ow Outline four roles played by the Nairobi Securities Exchange in the Kenyan economy. 4 marks Kenya Cortese of Secondary Edacation, 2019156. Name the basic concept in population described in the statements given below: 4 marks Population size that is adequate for the full utilisation of available resources in aCountry, b The average number of births per one thousand women in a year. When a country is experiencing higher death rates than birth rates.a Where a bigger proportion of the population is comprised of people who are above 55years old, 7. State the circumstance under which each of the following terms of trade would be applied inforeign trade. 4 marks Franco Exworks InBond.... Free Alongside Ship 8. Complete the diagram below to illustrate the classification of trade.


2 marks 0 i 19, Identify the level of production into which the following workers belong: 4 marks Workers Level of Production Carpenter b Nurse Maize farmer Mason Wholesaler 0 Lumber 8 Road engineer h Insurer Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education, 2019919318 65 1 Turn over20.Outline four charactersties of a good tax system.10 4 marks 21.Highlight four contributions of entrepreneurs tothe growth of an economy. 4 marks Kenya Certfeate of Secondary Education, 2019A919318n22, Highlight four factors that may influence an individual's demand for money in order to fulfilthe transaction motive 4 marks o 23, Determine the excess demand or excess supply from the combined demand and supply Schedules of oranges given belo: 4 marks PRICE 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 KshvBag Quantity 280 400 s00 6s0 700 aso 950 1000Demanded Bags Quantity 1400 1200 900 650 500 420 350 200Supplied Bags ExcessDemand Bags ExcessSupply Bags Kenya Certfeateof Secondary Education, 2019919318 Sesit Turn over:224, Outline four benefits of a bonded warehouse to the importer. 4 marks 25.Apart from trains and motor vehicles, state four other means of transporting goods and peopleon land. 4 marks THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE,a Kenya Certficate of Secondary Education, 2019919318 S6si1.


3434dCHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 313 Christian Religious Education Paper 1 313 1 o w Explain the benefits of learning Christian Religious Education in Secondary Schools inKenya marks Outline the major divisions ofboth the Old and New testament. S marks dentiy seven ways in which the Bible is misused in Kenya today marks Describe how God prepared the Isalites forthe making ofthe covenant at Mt in Exodus 19 , marks Give four reasons that made the Isractites to break the covenant while at Mt. Sinai Exodus 321-35 , marks What do Christians learn about the nature of God from the Exodus? 8 maris Outine the failures of King Saul. Smarks Explain the achievements of David as King of Israel. Marks Give four reasons why Christians in Keaya should build churches. 8 masts Outline seven characteristics ofthe prophets inthe Old Testament. Marks Describe the call of Amos to become a prophet of God in Israel marks deny the five vision of prophet Amos. S marks Onitline the stags followed in the renewal ofthe covenant daring the time ofNehemiah mais Give six reasons why Nehemiah caried out religious reforms in Judah. 6 marks What lessons do Christians learn from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemiah? Marks Describe the traditional African view of a community. S marks Explain sx factors that have affected the traditional African peoples dependence onGod, 6 marks Outline six similarities between the Christian and traditional Aftican ways ofshowing respect to God. 6 marks a7.


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The diagram below show two conducting element of the xylem tissues. A Identify. A B 2mks b What makes the cellulose side of both A and B to fail to collapse. 1mk c Name one structural adaptation of the structure labeled B to its function. 1mk 9. A Name one protein secreted by blood platelets necessary for blood clotting. 1mk b Name the vitamin involved in blood clotting. 1mk c A blood clot does not occur in the blood vessel. Explain. 1mk 10. The diagram below shows the gaseous exchange system of locust. A Name the structure labeled Q. 1mk b State the function of the part labeled R. 1mk c How is part S structurally adapted to its function. 1mk 11. Name the excretory products of plants which are used to perform the following a Plants and animal breeding. 1mk b Manufacture of stimulants and insecticides. 1mk 12. What are importance of sebum in the human skin. 2mks 13. A goat weighing 20kgs requires 216kgs while a mouse weighing 54gms require 2830kgs per day. Explain. 2mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.comBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 14. In a prolonged drought period forage was scarce. It made animals reach out for higher forage and this way giraffes got the stretched long necks. A What is the term used for a characteristic such as the long necks outlined. 1mk b What is the name given to the theory that describes the evolution of such structure like long necks. 1mk c State and explain the limitation of the theory you named in b above. 2mks 15. The table below shows the approximate numbers of organisms in an ecosystem. Type of organism Numbers Grasshoppers 340 Snakes 30 Green plant 1200 Lizards 120 Using the information above, draw a pyramid of number. 3mks 16. Name the tissue in plants responsible for. I Primary growth.


3mks 16. Name the tissue in plants responsible for. I Primary growth. 1mk ii Secondary growth. 1mk 17. How does carboxyhemoglobin lead to death. 2mks 18. A Given a sample of urine, name one test you would carry out to determine if it was collected from a person suffering from diabetes mellitus. 1mk b What results are expected if one is diabetic. 2mks 19. A Explain why removal of ovary after 4 months of pregnancy does not terminate pregnancy. 1mks b Explain why hormone testosterone still exits its influence even when vas deferens has been cut. 1mk 20. The following are the short messages on cell-phone communication. They can be used as analogies to show gene mutations Intended message Actual message 1. Yesterday was my shopping day Yesterday was my hoping day 2. My skit was stolen My shirt was stolen a For each of the following message, identify the type of gene mutation. 2mks 1 2 b State one example of a chromosomal mutation that lead to. I Change in chromosomal structure. 1mk ii Change in chromosomal number. 1mk 21.a Name the type of skeleton that makes up the body of a locust. 1mk b State two functions of the skeleton in locusts. 2mk 22 a State the function of cilia in organisms. 1mk b Name two parts of the human body which have cilia. 2mks 23. Explain why some desert animals excrete uric Acid rather than ammonia. 2mks 24 a Give any two characteristics of meristematic cells. 2mks b Explain the function of epicotyl during seed germination. 1mk 25 a What is the role of the pollen tube in plant fertilization. 1mk b Name the part of the flower that develops into each of the following. I Seed coat. 1mk ii Seed.


1mk b Name the part of the flower that develops into each of the following. I Seed coat. 1mk ii Seed. 1mk Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.comBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 26. Study the diagram below, a Suggest the kingdom to which it belongs. 1mk b Identify the organism. 1mk c Give an example of a disease caused by organism. 1mk 27. Below is a dental formula of a mammal 40mPmCi a What is the total number of teeth. 1mk b What is the mode of feeding in the mammal 1mk c Give one reason for your answer above. 1mk 28. Name the disease caused by the following causative agent in human. 2mks i Salmonella typhi ii Plasmodium falciparum 29. Name two feature that increases surface area of small intestines. 2mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.comBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com CEKENAS END OF TERM ONE EXAM-2023 231 2 BIOLOGY PAPER 2 SECTION A 40 MARKS 1. A In human, premature baldness is controlled by a gene on the Y chromosome. Using letter B to represent the gene for baldness, work out a cross between a bald-headed man and his wife. 4mks b What is the probability of their daughters being bald-headed? Explain. 2mks c State two advantages of genetic engineering in wheat. 2mks 2. A The table below shows results of a study of three plants C,D and E growing in different habitats.


2mks c State two advantages of genetic engineering in wheat. 2mks 2. A The table below shows results of a study of three plants C,D and E growing in different habitats. Feature Plant C Plant D Plant E Number of stomata on upper surface of leaf per square area 4 20 6 Number of stomata on lower surface of leaf per square area 6 0 8 Thickness of leaf cuticle mm 0.4 0.1 0.2 Surface area of roots cm 3 2000 1000 1200 i Which one of the plant C, D and E grow in area of relatively low water availability? 1mk ii Explain your answer in i above. 2mks b i A Rhinoceros in a game park was found to be infested with ticks. State the trophic level occupied by ticks. 1mk ii Why would the carrying capacity of wild animals in woodland grassland be higher than that of cattle. 1mk c Name the main pollutant involved in causing global warming . 1mk d Why does primary productivity decrease with increase in depth in an aquatic ecosystem. 2mks 3. A Give an example of vestigial structure in humans. 1mk b State three evidences of organic evolution. 3mks c The peppered moth Biston betularia exists in many parts of England. It normally rests on barks of tree. It exists in two major forms; a normal or wild type which is speckled white and a mutant variety which is darker melanic form . Before industrialization almost all the peppered moth in England were of white variety. After 1840s the population of the melanic form increased rapidly especially around the industrial cities. The white form dominated in the rural non polluted areas. I Discuss why the lighter non melanic form was dominant in rural non-polluted areas. 1mk ii What factors could have led to the differences in population size of the two variety in the two areas. 1mk d Distinguish between homologous and analogous structures. 2mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 4.


2. Add 1cm3 of solution P to each of the three test tube A, B,C. 3. To the contents of test tube A add three drops of the 2M Hydrochloric acids, to B add three drops of distilled water and to C add three drops of the 2M sodium hydroxide solution. 4. Incubate the test tube for 10 minutes in a water bath kept 50 c to 60 C. 5. Examine the test tube every two minute noting the cloudiness of contents. After 10minute, remove the test tube from the water bath and place them in a test tube rack. A i State the observation made in the test tube A, and C. Test tube A 1mk Test tube C 1mk ii Account for the observation made in the test tube A and C in a i above. Test tube A 2mks Test tube C 3mks b Explain why the investigation was carried out at the specified temperature range. 1mk c State the purpose of Experiment B. 1mk d i With a reason, identify solution P. 2mks ii Name the likely part of the human alimentary canal where the process in this experiment occurs. 1mk iii Give a reason for your answer in e ii above 1mk e Which aspect of enzyme properties does the experiment investigate? 1mk Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 2. Below are photographs of specimens obtained from plants. Examine the photographs. A i In the table below, name the mode of dispersal and the feature the adapt the specimen, to the mode of dispersal. 6mks Specimen Mode of dispersal Adaptive feature U W X ii State the type of placentation in specimen Y and Z. 2mks b Draw and label one member of specimens show in photograph V. 3mks c Explain how fruits shown in photograph X are dispersed. 2mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.comBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 3. The diagrams below show the beaks and feet of various birds.


1mark b Give two functions of the structure labeled Z? 2marks c What name is given to the part labeled W? 1mark 16. Name the cell structures that synthesize the following cell organelles i Ribosomes 1mark ii Lysosomes 1mark Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 17. A solution of sugarcane was boiled with hydrochloric acid then cooled. Sodium carbonate was added then Benedict s solution. The solution was boiled and an orange precipitate was formed. A Why was the solution boiled with hydrochloric acid? 1mark b To which class of carbohydrates does sugarcane belong? 1mark c Name the type of reaction that takes place when: i Simple sugars combine to form complex sugars 1mark ii A complex sugar is broken down into simple sugars 1mark 18. Name the most appropriate apparatus used to collect the following organisms 2 marks a Mosquitoes b Millipede 19. A Name a chemical that can be used to preserve specimens in the laboratory. 1mark b Identify two scientific skill acquired through the study of biology 2mark 20. Explain why petals and sepals are referred to as the accessory parts of a flower 1marks 21. The diagram below shows the position of an image formed in a defective eye. A Name the defect. 1mark b Explain how the defect named in a above can be corrected. 2marks 22. Describe photolysis 2marks 23. Name two instruments used in the laboratory for magnification. 2marks 24. Give reasons why microscopic sections require to be: 2marks a Very thin b Kept wet during processing 25. State two sites for gaseous exchange in submerged aquatic plants 2marks 26. Explain why a person can catch a cold several times in an year but only catches measles once in his her lifetime. 3marks 27.


State two sites for gaseous exchange in submerged aquatic plants 2marks 26. Explain why a person can catch a cold several times in an year but only catches measles once in his her lifetime. 3marks 27. A Name the structure for gaseous exchange in insects 1mark b Explain the role of chitin ring found in the tracheal system of insects 1mark c Why does the blood of insects lack haemoglobin? 1mark 28. Under what conditions do animals use tissue proteins for respiration? 1mark 29. Name three processes in the human body in which homeostasis is involved 3marks 30. Name two classes of animals that excrete their nitrogenous waste products mainly in the form of uric acid. 2marks 31. State three adaptations of the gazelle that prevents them from being preyed upon 3marks 32. In rice field, weeds are normally removed by hand when rice plants are still young. One common weed in rice fields is a species of barnyard grass which has a close resemblance to young rice plants. Unlike most other weeds, this species spreads very fast wherever it is newly introduced. A What adaptive variation confers a selective advantage to this species of barnyard grass? 1mark b Explain why the weed spreads very fast. 2marks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 33. The photograph below shows red blood cells that have been put in different solutions. Examine them and answer the questions that follow. A i Identify the type of solution in which F was placed. 1mark ii State the process which the red blood cells underwent in illustration G. 1mark Account for the appearance of the red blood cells in illustration E. 3marks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com MECS CLUSTER JOINT EXAMINATION 231 2 BIOLOGY PAPER 2 TERM TWO 2023 SECTION A 40 MARKS 1. In a breeding experiment a pure breed black mouse was crossed with a pure white one. All F1 off springs were grey in color. Using letter B to represent the gene for black color and W to represent the gene for white color: a Give the parental genotypes.


1 mark 7. A Describe the digestion and absorption of a starchy food 15 marks b Describe adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats. 5 marks 8. A Describe the structure and function of the male reproductive system. 15 marks b Explain the role of water in germination. 5 marks MECS CLUSTER JOINT EXAMINATION 231 3 BIOLOGY PAPER 3 PRACTICAL 1. A You are provided with: Specimen P, Solution Y, DCPIP, 0.1 percent Ascorbic acid. I To 1 cm3 of DCPIP in a test tube, add 0.1 percent solution of Ascorbic acid dropwise; shake the test tube after addition of each drop until color of DCPIP disappears. Record the number of drops used in the table below. Ii Repeat the procedure using solution Y and record the number of drops used in the table below. Iii Squeeze out the juice from specimen P into a beaker, decant, and discard the residue. To another 1cm3 of DCPIP, add the juice from specimen P drop by drop until the color of DCPIP disappears. Record the number of drops used. Spare the remaining juice of Specimen P for procedure c below. Substance Number of drops Ascorbic acid Solution Y Specimen P 3marks iv From the results obtained in a i and iii above, calculate the percentage of ascorbic acid in the juice obtained from specimen P. Show your working. 2 marks v State two factors that would influence the accuracy of the results 2 marks vi Suggest the expected results if the juice from specimen P was boiled for 40 min, cooled and added drop by drop to DCPIP solution. 1 mark vii Explain the expected results in vi above 2 marks b . Between Specimen P and solution Y, which do you recommend for treatment of scurvy. Give a reason for your answer. 2marks c . I Using the reagents provided carry out food test to determine other food present in juice of P besides Ascorbic acid.


Give a reason for your answer. 2marks c . I Using the reagents provided carry out food test to determine other food present in juice of P besides Ascorbic acid. 6marks Food substances Procedure Observations Conclusion ProteinsBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com Reducing sugars ii In which regions of alimentary canal will juice of specimen P be absorbed. 2marks 2. You are provided with specimen D and E that are specimens of the same plant a Using observable features group the specimen into i Division 1mark Reason . 1mark ii Class 1mark Reason .. 1mark b Press the stem of specimen D hard with a finger repeatedly until the stem is crushed. Record the observation. I Observation 1mark ii Name the type of stem in specimen D 1mark c Specimen D is the same plant as specimen E. E has been exposed to sunlight for 24hrs. I Name the phenomenon in exhibited by E 1mark ii Explain how the phenomenon occurred. 2marks iii Name the support tissue in the specimens D and E 1mark iv Other than the support tissue mentioned in iii above, how else do plants with this type of stem obtain mechanical support. 1mark 3. Below are images of parasite that infest human body. Use it to answer the question that follow. I Name the parasite and give a reason. 2marks ii Which part of alimentary canal does the mature parasite infest? 1mark iii State two effects of the above parasite infestation to humans. 2marks iv How is the parasite adapted to the parasitic mode of nutrition?


2marks ii Which part of alimentary canal does the mature parasite infest? 1mark iii State two effects of the above parasite infestation to humans. 2marks iv How is the parasite adapted to the parasitic mode of nutrition? 3marks v Name any other parasitic worm in human beings 1mark Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com MURANG A EXTRA-COUNTY SCHOOLS JOINT EXAMS-2023 231 3 BIOLOGY PAPER 3 PRACTICAL July 2023 INSTRUCTIONS TO SCHOOL CONFIDENTIAL Each student shall be provided with the following Specimen P: A quarter piece of ripe medium size pineapple 10ml of Solution Y: Commercially prepared pineapple juice diluted with water at the ratio of 1:2 e.g. quencher, highlands or any other Specimen D and E: Are from the same Dicotyledonous plant with herbaceous stem and roots ;Specimen D is fresh while E should have been uprooted and exposed to sunlight for at least 24hrs to wilt. 10ml measuring cylinder A filter paper A filter funnel 5 test tubes in a rack A 50ml empty beaker 3 droppers Test tube holder Access to the following: Benedict s solution 1 copper II Sulphate solution with dropper 10 Sodium Hydroxide solution with dropper 0.01 DCPIP solution with dropper 0.1 Ascorbic acid Distilled water in a wash bottle Source of heatBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.comBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com IMENTI SOUTH 231 1 BIOLOGY PAPER 1 THEORY 1. A form two girl observed a bird laying eggs in a nest which later hatched into chicks. Name two characteristics of living organisms that she concluded from observation. 2 marks 2.


Name two materials excreted by both skin and kidneys. 2 marks 15. I A person was found to pass out large volumes of dilute urine frequently. Name 2 marks a Disease the person was suffering from b Hormone that was deficient ii State one use of each of the following excretory products of plants 2 marks i Tannin ii Quinine 16. Explain why: a Mammalian testes are located to hang outside the body. 2 marks b Four months after fertilization, ovaries can be removed from a human female, without terminating pregnancy. 2 marks 17. Name hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in human males. 1 mark 18. State two disadvantages of self-pollination. 2 marks 19. State three evidences in support of organic evolution. 3 marks 20. State two advantages of natural selection to organisms. 2 marks 21. A millipede, grasshopper and crayfish all belong to phylum Arthropoda. Mention three major characteristics that they have in common. 3 marks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 22. The diagram below shows a Rhizopus. A Giving reason, name kingdom in which the organism belongs. I Kingdom 1 mark ii Reason 2 marks b i State the function of the part labelled B. 1 mark ii Name the phylum whose members possess a notochord. 1 mark 23. A State the role of light in the process of photosynthesis. 2 marks b Explain the fate of the glucose formed during photosynthesis. 3 marks 24. Name two reasons why accumulation of lactic acid during vigorous exercise lead to increase in heartbeat. 2 marks 25. A dog weighing 15.2kg requires 216 KJ while a mouse weighing 50g requires 2736KJ per day. Explain. 3 marks 26. Name two environmental factors that cause seed dormancy. 2 marks 27. Pruning increases coffee productivity. Explain. 2 marks 28. State advantages of metamorphosis to the life of insects. 1 mark 29. Name the type of germination exhibited by a germinating bean seedling.


State advantages of metamorphosis to the life of insects. 1 mark 29. Name the type of germination exhibited by a germinating bean seedling. 1 mark 30. A When are organisms said to belong to the same species? 1 mark b Ascaris lumbricoides is a example of an endoparasite. What does the names Askaris and lumbricoides refer to 2 marks Askaris Lumbricoides BBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com IMENTI SOUTH 231 2 BIOLOGY PAPER 2 THEORY SECTION A 40 MARKS Answer ALL questions from this section 1. In a garden with plants of the same species, 705 plants had red flowers while 224 had white flowers. A Work out the ratio of red to white flowered plants. 1 mark b i Using letter R to represent the dominant gene, work out a cross between F1 offspring and a white flowered plant. 4 marks ii What is the genotypic ratio from the cross in b i above. Genotypic ratio 1 mark Phenotypic ratio 1 mark c What is meant by the term allele? 1 mark 2. The chart below shows the blood clotting mechanism. I Name the blood cells represented by X. 1 mark ii The end product of the mechanism represented by Z. 1 mark iii Name a mineral ion and a vitamin involved in blood clotting. 2 marks a Mineral ion b Vitamin iv Excessive bleeding can cause death. Explain. 2 marks v State two ways in which blood can be restored after excessive bleeding. 2 marks 3. Below is a cell obtained from a living organisms. Study it and answer the questions that follow. A From which kingdom of organisms was the cell obtained? Give two reasons for your answer.


The spraying was done once every month. The data was tabulated as shown below. Time months 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Average number of ticks 200 90 40 20 16 25 45 90 a Plot a graph of ticks against time. 6 marks b Account for the shape of the graph between i 0 8 months 3 marks ii 10 and 14 months 3 marks c From the graph, determine the average number of ticks after spraying the animals for five months. 1 mark d If the animals were allowed to graze in an open field, construct a food chain with five organisms in which ticks are secondary consumers. 5 marks Glass rod Thread Sucrose solution Visking tube Distilled waterBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com e State two methods by which the average number of ticks per animal could have been estimated. 2 marks 7. State the adaptation of flowers to wind and insects pollination. 20 marks 8. A Explain how ileum is adapted to the absorption of digested food materials. 5 marks b Discuss how environmental factors affect the rate of photosynthesis. 15 marks IMENTI SOUTH 231 3 BIOLOGY PAPER 3 PRACTICAL 1. You are provided with solution labelled M. Using the reagents provided, carry out the tests to determine the food substance in the solution M. a Food substance Procedure Observation Conclusion 8 marks b Solution M is food substance of 1 mark c Name the parts of the human digestive system where chemical digestion of M occurs. 1 mark d You are provided with a scapel, specimen Q and R. Cut from each a cube measuring 1cm by 1cm. Put them in each different test tube having about 10 mls of solution X. Record the observations in the table below. 2 marks Specimen Observation Specimen Q Specimen R e i Account for the observation in the experiment involving specimen Q and R. 1 mark ii Name the biological substance being investigated and its significance to the living tissue in the experiment. 2 marks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 2.


2 marks Specimen Observation Specimen Q Specimen R e i Account for the observation in the experiment involving specimen Q and R. 1 mark ii Name the biological substance being investigated and its significance to the living tissue in the experiment. 2 marks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 2. You are provided with the plant leaves labelled P, Q, R, S, T, U and V. Some are twigs from plants. Examine them. A Using observable features in the photographs, complete the dichotomous key given 1 a Simple leaves . Go to 2 b Compound leaves . .. Go to 5 2 a Leaves net veined go to 3 b Leaves parallel veined commerlinaceae 3 a .............go to 4 b Leaves with smooth margin Nyctsgibaceae 4 a Leaves alternate . .malvaceae b Leaves opposite . .Verbenaceae 5 a .................go to 6 b Leaves bipinnates .. .Bignoniaceae 6 a Leaflet with serrated margin ...compositae b Leaflets with smooth margin ..Papilioceae 2 marks b Use the completed dichotomous key to identify the family which each plant belongs, show the steps followed to arrive at the identity. 10 marks Specimen Steps followed Identity P Q R U V 3. Below are photographs labelled J and K of organs obtained from different animal organs. The organs perform similar functions. Examine them. Photograph J a Identify the organs. J and K 2 marks b State the functions performed by the organs. 1 mark c Name the parts labelled X, Y and Z in photographs. 3 marks d i Identify the parts labelled 1, 2 and 3 in photographs K. 3 marks W X Z Y Part labelled W enlarged Photograph K 1 2 3Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com ii Using the observable features, state how the parts labelled 1 and 3 you identified in d i above are adapted to their function.


2mks b What phenomena in organic evolution is exhibited by these diagrams of embryos? 1mk 8. State three ways in which the skin of a frog is adapted for gaseous exchange. 3mks 9. What would be the effect of the following treatment on the nerve transmission? I. Inducing the axon with metabolic inhibitors. 1mk ii. Removing myelin sheath from a nerve fibre. 1mk 10. Give two reasons why blood leaving the lungs may not be fully oxygenated 2mks 11. What is the importance of retina in vision? 2mks 12. A Name the cartilage found between the bones of vertebral column. 1mk b State 2 functions of the cartilage named in a above. 2mks 13. The cells shown below were obtained from two different plants cells which were immersed in 2 and 25 salt solutions. A Which of the two cells A and B was immersed in 2 salt solution? 1 mk b Comment on the nature of 25 salt solution in relation to the cell sap. 1mk c What biological phenomena leads to the observation made in A? 1mk 14. Name two structures found in the cortex of the kidney. 2mks 15. Explain the disadvantages of anaerobic respiration in plant roots. 2mks 16. A State two features that reduce resistance in fish during swimming. 2mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com b State two protective features of human eye 2mks 17. Explain why malaria cannot be transmitted through blood transfusion 2 mks 18. Name twotypes of valves in the mammalian heart 2 mks 19. Statetwo important of stroma in the chloroplast 2 mks 20. A student mixed a sample of urine from a patient with benedict s solution and boiled the mixture. The colour changed to orange. A What was present in the urine sample? 1mks b What did the student conclude about the health status of the patient? 1 Mk c Which organ in the patient may not be functioning properly 1mk 21.


A What was present in the urine sample? 1mks b What did the student conclude about the health status of the patient? 1 Mk c Which organ in the patient may not be functioning properly 1mk 21. State three adaptions that enable prey to evade predictors 3mks 22. How does light as a biotic factor affect distribution of plants in an ecosystem? 3 mks 23. Explain why plants absorbs water in water logged soil but not minerals salt 2 mks 24. A biological detergent removes stains like oils from clothes. I. Name the enzyme that it contains 1 mk ii. Explain why the stains would be removed faster with the detergent in water 35 o c rather than at 15 oc 2 mks 25. A part from vaccination, state two ways of controlling highly infectious disease among animals 2 mks 26. To control the spread of malaria, fish are introduced into water bodies near residential area. A Name this method of population control 1 Mk b Statetwo advantages of the above method in a above 2mks 27. People are encouraged to take corona virus disease vaccine. How does it work? 1 Mk 28. What is the significance of; a Red blood cells lacking mitochondria 1 Mk b Xylem vessels being dead 1 Mk 29. A patient complained of frequent thirst a sample of the patient urine was found not to have any sugar. A Name the hormone the patient was deficient of 1mk b Name the gland that secretes the above hormone 1 Mk 30. Explain why ingestion of salty food may reduce the amount of water passed out in urine 2mks 31. Explain how the following features adapt root hair cells to absorption. A Large sap vacuole 1mk b Numerous mitochondria 1 Mk 32. New born babies have a higher heart beat rates than adults. Explain why 2 mks KIGUMO 231 2 BIOLOGY PAPER TWO -2023 SECTION A 1. I. What characteristic is exhibited by living organisms when they carry out the following processes? A Croton seed becoming a big tree. 1mk b A pig farrowing. 1mk c A cheetah running after an antelope.


6 marks b Explain haemolysis of red blood cells. 3 marks c From the graph, state: i The salt concentration at which 50 red blood cells were haemolysed. 1 mark ii The highest salt concentration when the largest number of red blood cells were haemolysed. 1 mark d i Suggest the normal salt concentration in the blood of the mammal from which the red blood cells were obtained. 2 marks ii Give a reason for your answer in d i above. 1 mark iii What term is used to describe the solution with equal solute concentration as that of the cells? 1mark e Name the process in the human body that ensures that haemolysis of red blood cells is prevented. 1 mark f State four roles of osmosis in plants. 4 marks 7. A Explain the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. 10mks b Describe the process of blood clotting. 10mks 8 Describe how fruits and seeds are suited to their modes of dispersal. 20mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com KIGUMO 231 3 BIOLOGY PAPER 3 - PRACTICAL 1. Take 2 clean test tubes and into each add 5cm3 of dilute hydrogen peroxide. Label the test tubes as AandB. Cut 2 cubes of Irish potato measuring about 1cm3 each. Boil one cube in a boiling tube with some water for about 5 minutes. Drop the boiled cube into test tube A and unboiled cube into test tube B. State your observations in ; a Test tube A 1mark Test tube B 1mark b Account for your observations in: Test tube A 2marks Test tube B 2marks c Take a small amount of substance Z provided and add to it 2cm3 of sodium hydrogen carbonate. I Stateyour observations 1mark ii Which process in the body is illustrated above? 1mark iii State the part of the body where the process takes place. 1mark iv What is the significance of the process?


I Stateyour observations 1mark ii Which process in the body is illustrated above? 1mark iii State the part of the body where the process takes place. 1mark iv What is the significance of the process? 1mark d Put 2cm3 of liquid labelled as C into a test tube. Squeeze some juice from specimen X into a beaker. Draw some of the juice into a dropper. Add 3 drops of the juice into the test tube with solution C. i State your observation. 1mark ii State the part of the human body where the process demonstrated above occurs and the enzyme that carries out the process. Part of body 1mark Enzyme 1mark iii Which gland produces the enzyme stated in ii above? 1mark iv Which hormone stimulates the production of the enzyme stated in ii above? 1mark 2. Below are photographs of two specimens, J and K. Both of them belong to the same Phylum and Class. Observe them carefully before you answer the questions that follow. A Name the class to which J and K belong and support your answer with two reasons. Class 1mk Reasons 2mks b. Suggest why the transport fluid in J and K has no haemoglobin. 2mksBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com c. Below is a diagram showing the life cycle of specimen J. i Identify the stage labeled D. 1mk ii Name the hormone responsible for the change from D to A. 1mk iii Explain the change from; C3 to D 2mks D to A 2mks d i State the form of metamorphosis shown in the above diagrams and give a reason form your answer 2mks ii How is metamorphosis important to the organism? 1mk 3. Use the photographs below to answer questions a i Name the type of flowers shown in A1 and A2. I A1 1 mark ii A2 1 mark ii Describe the feature in flowering plants depicted in a i above. 1 mark iii Explain how flower labeled A1 is modified for pollination.


1mk c Name the enzyme that catalyzes the backward reaction. 1mk 4. A certain metabolic pathway takes the following sequence. J K L M N At the start of the experiment an inhibitor was added to the reactants. After the experiment it was found out that there was the same concentration of J, near absence of K, L, M and N. When L was added to the inhibitor set M and N were detected. A At what stage of the reaction sequence did the inhibitor have its effect? 1mk b Explain how the inhibitor affected the reaction. 1mk c What is the identity of substance L? 1mk Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 5. After fertilization of an ovule, which parts develops into: - a Testa 1mk b Endosperm 1mk 6. I Name the process through which a plant takes up some mineral ions against a concentration gradient. 1mk ii State two factors that may affect the process named in i above. 2mks 7. Study the flow chart below which represents a physiological process in mammals A i Name blood components represented by X. 1mk ii What is the significance of product represented by Z. 2mks b Under what condition is thrombokinase released by the platelets? 1mk 8. A Name the nitrogenous waste product excreted by a fresh water fish 1mk b Explain why a person discharges urine more frequently when environmental temperatures are low than when they are high 2mks 9. Why is it important to use dry mass in ecological studies and not wet mass 2mks 10. Identify the agent of dispersal of the following 2mks i Fruits which split open along sutures when dry, hauling their seeds away from the parent plant ii Light seeds with hairy extensions 11. A Name the TWO components of a lipid molecule 2mks b State TWO disadvantages of using fats as respiratory substrates 2mks 12. A Name the pigment that protects humans from the negative effect of Ultraviolet lights 1mk b Explain how sunlight contributes to stronger bones and teeth in human beings 2mks 13.


A zebra is observed to be grazing at a grassland, suddenly a lion appears and the zebra takes off. List two characteristics of living things exhibited by the zebra 2 mks 20. The diagram below represents an organism. Study it and answer the questions that follow. A Identify the kingdom to which the organism belongs 1 mk b Name the structure labeled X 1 mk c Identify the type of nutrition carried out by the organism and give a reason 2 mks Type of: Nutrition.................................................................................... Reason 21. A wild beast in Maasai Mara National Park was found to be infested with a lot of ticks. State the trophic level occupied by the following organisms: 2mks a i Wild beast ii Ticks b Construct a food chain from the above information 1mk 22. A Name one hormone involved in insect metamorphosis. 1mk b State the importance of metamorphosis to the life of insects. 2mks 23. A State two differences between the primary growth and secondary growth in woody plants. 2mks b Name two tissues responsible for secondary growth in flowering plants. 2mks 24. A What is respiratory quotient? 1mk b Explain why it is difficult to measure respiratory quotient in plants. 2mks 25. Name one class of phylum Arthropoda with cephalothorax 1mk Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 26. A section of nucleic strand contains the following sequence. A C G A G A T A C a i Write the complimentary DNA stand. Lmk ii Write the mRNA strand of the strand in a above. Lmk b Name the site for protein synthesis in a cell. Lmk 27. A What are analogous structures? 1mk b Give two examples of analogous structures in animals 2mks 28.


Lmk 27. A What are analogous structures? 1mk b Give two examples of analogous structures in animals 2mks 28. Name any two sites where gaseous exchange takes place in a leaf of a terrestrial plant 2mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com MECS CLUSTER JOINT EXAMINATION 231 2 BIOLOGY PAPER 2 SECTION A 40 MARKS 1. A In Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly the gene for eye color is sex-linked located on the X chromosome. The gene for red eye is dominant. A cross was made between a homozygous red-eyed female and white-eyed male. Work out the genotype of their off springs. Use R to represent the gene for red eyes. 4 marks b Give two reasons why the fruit fly is successfully used in genetic study. 2 marks c In a population, there are more males suffering from colorblindness than females. Explain. 2 marks 2. One variety of the moth, Biston betularia, has pale, speckled wings. A second variety of the same species has black wings. There are no intermediate forms. 100 moths of both varieties were released into a wood made up of trees with pale bark as shown below. After two weeks the moths were caught and the results are shown in the table below. Wing color of moth Number released Number caught Pale, speckled 100 82 Black 100 36 a Explain the difference in the numbers of the varieties of moths caught. 2 marks b What would be different in the number of the varieties of moths caught if they were released in an area where the trees were darkened with soot from air pollution. 1 mark c Define natural selection. 2 marks d Explain why it is more difficult to treat malaria using chloroquine. 3 marks 3. The diagram below shows the internal structure of a broad bean seed. Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com a Name the parts labelled A and B. 2 marks b State the function of the part labeled X. 1 mark c Which part undergoes fastest growth to bring about epigeal germination.


Wash the residue from the filter paper into a beaker. Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com Using the reagents provided carry out food tests on the residue and filtrate. 15 marks a Residue Food substance being tested for Procedure Observation Conclusion REDUCING SUGARS VITAMIN C PROTEINS b Filtrate Food substance being tested for Procedure Observation Conclusion REDUCING SUGARS VITAMIN C PROTEINS c Account for the observation in a and b above. 2mks d The physiological process demonstrated above occurs in all living things. Name two important processes in animals that depend on it. 2mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 2. You are provided with specimen R and S a i Give a reason why both R and S are fruits. 1mk ii Why is R also a seed? 1mk iii Tabulate any two differences between specimen R and S 2mks Specimen R Specimen S b Using a blade provide; carefully make transverse section of specimen S. i Make a labelled diagram of the cut section. Label any three parts. 4mks ii Name the type of placentation in S .Reason 2mks iii What is the likely agent of dispersal of S? Reason 2mk 3. The photograph below is of mammalian organ a i Name the basic functional units of the organ. 1mk ii State any function of the organ above. 1mk b Name the parts labelled- A B C 3mks c How is the blood vessel E adapted its function.


State two adaptation of leaves in arid and semi-arid areas 2mks 13. The diagram below shows a phenomenon which occurs during cell division i Name the parts labelled A and B 2 mks ii State the biological importance of the part labelled B 1mk iii Identify the stage of cell division in which the phenomenon occurs 1mk 14. State three differences between deoxyribonucleic acid DNA and Ribonucleic acid RNA 3 mks 15. A cross between a red flowered and white flowered plants of mirabilis jalapa produced only pink flowered offspring. A Explain the absence of red and white flowered plants in the F2 offspring 1 mk b Using a genetic cross, show how the F2 generations was obtained by selfing the F1 generation. Let R represent the gene for red colour and W represent the gene for white colour 4 mks c Work out the following for the F2 generation i The genotypic ratio 1 mk ii The phenotypic ratio 1 mk 16. The food web represents a feeding relations in an ecosystem Hawk Water snake Small fish snails Frogs Insects Zooplanktons Phytoplankton a Name two organisms which are both secondary and tertiary consumers 2 mks b State the short term effect of immigration of insects in the ecosystem 2 mks c Which organism has the least biomass in the food web? Give reason 2 mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 17. The diagram below represents a cross section obtained from a plant. Use it to answer the questions that follows a From which part of the plant was the section obtained from: 1mk b Give a reason for your answer in a above 1mk c Name part B 1mk d Name the material that strengthens the part you named in C above 1mk e State the function of part A 1mk 18. A What is meant by the following terms: i Protandry 2mk ii Self-sterility 2mks 19.


The diagram below represents a cross section obtained from a plant. Use it to answer the questions that follows a From which part of the plant was the section obtained from: 1mk b Give a reason for your answer in a above 1mk c Name part B 1mk d Name the material that strengthens the part you named in C above 1mk e State the function of part A 1mk 18. A What is meant by the following terms: i Protandry 2mk ii Self-sterility 2mks 19. The diagram below represents the structure of a certain organism a i State the kingdom to which the organism belongs 1 mks ii State two characteristics of the organisms belonging to the kingdom named a i above 2mks b What role is played by the organism represented by the structure 2mks 20. A State five evidences that support the theory of evolution 5mks b i What are vestigial structures 1mk ii Name two vestigial structures in humans 2mks 21. State three characteristics of fruits dispersed by animals 3mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com MWAKICAN JOINT EXAM 231 2 BIOLOGY PAPER 2 SECTION A: 40 MARKS Answer all questions in this section. 1. The figure below is a pedigree showing the inheritance of colour blindness, a disease transmitted through a recessive gene located on the X-chromosome. A Using the symbol N for normal gene and n for colour blind gene, write down the genotypes of parents 1 and 2. 2mks b Work out the possible genotypes of the children 3, 4 and 5. 3mks c The diagrams below illustrate some chromosome mutations. A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Normal male Colourblind male Normal female Colourblind female KEY Meiosis XXABC D EFVUWX EFVU WXBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com C Identify the mutations. A , B C 3mks 2.


3mks c The diagrams below illustrate some chromosome mutations. A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Normal male Colourblind male Normal female Colourblind female KEY Meiosis XXABC D EFVUWX EFVU WXBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com C Identify the mutations. A , B C 3mks 2. The diagram below represents some hormones, their sources and functions in a mammal. A Identify the gland described as master gland. 1mk b Name the hormones:- 3mks c Describe the consequences of deficiency of hormone II in man. 2mks d Other than stimulate development of uterine wall, suggest two other functions of hormone VI. 2mks 3. The diagram below shows some components of a light microscope. ACBDABCDBCBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com a Name the parts labeled K M 2marks b State the functions of P Q 2marks c A student was viewing a prepared slide of a plant cell under high power microscope. The features of the cell were blurred. Which one of the labeled parts of the microscope would the student use to obtain:- i a sharper outline of the features. 1mark ii Give the formula used to calculate magnification in a light microscope. 1mark d A student was preparing a section of a plant cell to be viewed on a light microscope. Give a reason for each of the following steps:- i Cutting a very thin section 1mark ii Staining the section 1mark 4. The table below shows the contents of urine compared to blood plasma and glomerular filtrate in a mammal.


1mark d A student was preparing a section of a plant cell to be viewed on a light microscope. Give a reason for each of the following steps:- i Cutting a very thin section 1mark ii Staining the section 1mark 4. The table below shows the contents of urine compared to blood plasma and glomerular filtrate in a mammal. Study it and answer the questions that follow:- Component Plasma g cm3 Glomerular g 100 cm3 Urine g 100 cm3 Urea 0.04 0.04 2.10 Uric acid 0.005 0.005 0.07 Glucose 0.20 0.20 0.00 Amino acids 0.07 0.07 0.00 Plasma proteins 9.00 0.00 0.00 Salts 0.84 0.84 1.96 a Account for the absence of:- i Plasma protein in glomerular filtrate. 1 mark ii Glucose and amino acids in urine. 1 mark b From the results above, identify two types of wastes eliminated from the mammalian blood through the kidney. 2 marks c Give a reason why kidney tubules are highly coiled. 1 mark d Name the hormone responsible for:- i Reabsorption of water . 1 mark ii Reabsorption of sodium chloride. .. 1 mark e Name one kidney disease. 1 mark 5. Diagram below represents a germinating seedling. Soil surfacePQRSEpicotylBiology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com a What is germination? 1 mark b Name the part labelled P, Q and R. 3 marks c Identify the type of germination shown in the diagram. 1 mark d What is the role of the following in germination of the above seedling? Oxygen 1 mark Enzymes 1 mark Water 1 mark SECTION B: 40 MARKS Answer question 6 compulsory and EITHER question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8. 6.


1 mark d What is the role of the following in germination of the above seedling? Oxygen 1 mark Enzymes 1 mark Water 1 mark SECTION B: 40 MARKS Answer question 6 compulsory and EITHER question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after question 8. 6. The pressure in the flow of blood in a mammal was determined at two different vessels; A and B. The data was taken within a period of 1 minute and was presented as follows. Time in seconds Blood pressure in Vessel A Vessel B 0 160 320 10 165 360 20 170 320 30 180 400 40 170 360 50 160 320 60 160 360 a Plot the graph of blood pressure in both vessels against time on the same axis. 7 marks b Describe the trend of each curve. 2 marks c I From the graph, suggest the possible identity for: i Blood vessel A. 1 mark ii Blood vessel B. 1 mark II Give reasons for your answer in c i and ii above. 2 marks d Explain a factor that would result to an increase in blood pressure in both the blood vessels above. 2 marks e State two structural differences between the two vessels mentioned in c above. 2 marks f i Name two diseases of circulatory system in humans. 2 marks ii Other than transport of substances give one other function of blood. 1 mark 7. A Describe the mechanism of inhalation in man. 10mks b Using photosynthetic theory explain the mechanism of opening of stomata. 10mks 8. Explain the adaptation of the small intestine to their functions. 20marks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com MWAKICAN FORM 4 JOINT EXAMINATION - 2023 231 3 BIOLOGY PAPER 3 PRACTICAL ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS 40MKS 1. You are provided with a specimen labeled K.


Explain the adaptation of the small intestine to their functions. 20marks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com MWAKICAN FORM 4 JOINT EXAMINATION - 2023 231 3 BIOLOGY PAPER 3 PRACTICAL ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS 40MKS 1. You are provided with a specimen labeled K. a i With a reason, identify the part of plant represented by the specimen 2mks ii Cut the specimen into two halves transversely. Observe the arrangement of seeds inside the specimen. Suggest its placentation. 1mk b i Suggest the mode of dispersal for specimen K 1mk ii Give reason for your answer in b i above 1mk c i Specimen K in its raw state has an excretory substance in its skin. Name the excretory substance 1mk ii How is the excretory substance named in c i important to human? 2mks d From the remaining parts of specimen K, cut out thin strips measuring 1cm wide and 5cm long. Place two of the strips in solution X and the other two in solution Y Allow the set ups to stand for 30 minutes. I After 30 minutes remove the strips from the two solutions. Observe and record the shape of the strips from each solution. 2mks Solution X Solution y .. ii Using your fingers, feel the texture of the strips of the two solutions 2mks solution X ........................................................................................... Solution Y . E Explain the observations made in d i and ii for strips in solution X 3mks 2 a Place 2ml of Bromothylmol Blue in a clean test tube. Add dilute hydrochloric acid drop by drop and shake till there is a permanent colour change i State the resulting colour 1mk ii To the mixture obtained above, now add sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop until there is colour change. Record your observation 1mk iii From your observations in a i and a ii above what is the nature of Bromothylmol Blue?


E Explain the observations made in d i and ii for strips in solution X 3mks 2 a Place 2ml of Bromothylmol Blue in a clean test tube. Add dilute hydrochloric acid drop by drop and shake till there is a permanent colour change i State the resulting colour 1mk ii To the mixture obtained above, now add sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop until there is colour change. Record your observation 1mk iii From your observations in a i and a ii above what is the nature of Bromothylmol Blue? 1mk b Place 10ml of fresh Bromothymol blue in a boiling tube. Using the drinking straw, bubble air through the Bromothymol Blue until there occurs colour change i Record your observation 1mk ii what does the colour obtain in b i above suggest about the nature of the gas breathed out 1mk c Rinse the measuring cylinder and use it to place 2ml of solution L in a clean test tube. Rinse the drinking straw used in b above and use it to bubble air through solution L. i Record your observation 1mk .. ii Suggest the identity of solution L 1mk iii Suggest the identity of the gas that gave rise to the observation above 1mk d i Name the physiological process in the cells that leads to the formation of the gas named in c iii above 1mk ii Write down a word equation for the process named in d i above 2mks iii What is the importance of the identified process in cells of living organisms 1mk Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 3 You are provided with photomicrographs of specimens A and B which represents some specialized animal cells. A Identify each of the cells.


I Record your observation 1mk .. ii Suggest the identity of solution L 1mk iii Suggest the identity of the gas that gave rise to the observation above 1mk d i Name the physiological process in the cells that leads to the formation of the gas named in c iii above 1mk ii Write down a word equation for the process named in d i above 2mks iii What is the importance of the identified process in cells of living organisms 1mk Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 3 You are provided with photomicrographs of specimens A and B which represents some specialized animal cells. A Identify each of the cells. A B 2mks b State one function of the cells 1mks c On photo A name any three parts of the cell 3mks d State one function of each of the parts you have labeled 3mks e How is the cell labeled B adapted to its functions 2mks f Given that the magnification of the cell labeled A is X2000, calculate its actual size in micrometers 2mks MWAKICANFORM 4 JOINT EXAMINATION 2023 BIOLOGY PAPER 3 Confidential Specimen labeled K: Mature unripe pawpaw fruit 30cm ruler Scalpel Two 100ml beakers distilled water labeled Solution X Concentrated salt solution labeled solution Y 25ml Bromothymol blue Lime water labeled solution L Drinking straw 2 test tubes 10ml measuring cylinder Boiling tube Dilute Hcl Dilute sodium hydroxide NB;Coloured photographs for question 3. Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com MURANG A SOUTH 231 3 BIOLOGY PAPER 3 Instructions: Answer all question in the spaces provided. 1. State the branch of Biology that would be used in solving the problem of disputed parentage. 1mk 2. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow i What is the name given to the apparatus shown above 1mk ii What is its use in Biological studies? 1mks 3.


1mk 2. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow i What is the name given to the apparatus shown above 1mk ii What is its use in Biological studies? 1mks 3. A State the role of active transport in animal nutrition 1mk b Cyanide lowers the rate of active transport. Explain? 2mks 4. A Explain the two role of diffusion in human beings. 2mks b What is meant by each of the following terms? I Crenated cell. 1mk ii Flaccid cell. 1mk 5. The table below shows the effect of wind, still air and stomatal opening on the rate of transpiration of a plant in milligrams of water lost per hour dm2. Study the table and answer the following questions Stomatal opening m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Windy 40 63 74 86 94 110 124 Still air 0 6 12 19 23 27 30 a i Compare the rates of transpiration in windy and still air conditions 1mk ii Explain your observation in a i above 2mks b How does stomatal opening affect transpiration rate? 1mark 6. Phagocytes also called granulocytes or polymorphs are cells found in the blood where they ingest pathogens and cell debris. A Why are they called polymorphs? 1mk b Name the cell organelle most abundant in phagocytes to enable them function effectively. 1mk 7. Name the blood vessel that supplies blood to the Brain 1mk Cardiac muscle 1mk 8. A Cowpeas seeds were place in a vacuum flask and left for five days. What is the expected change in composition of gases in the flask on the sixth day? 1mk b Give a reason for your answer in a above 1mark 9. A Biotechnologist works day a night to curb food insecurity using the knowledge of polyploidy in genetics. Explain the economic importance of such practice?


1mk b Give a reason for your answer in a above 1mark 9. A Biotechnologist works day a night to curb food insecurity using the knowledge of polyploidy in genetics. Explain the economic importance of such practice? 2mks Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com b Define a backcross? 1mk 10. The diagram below shows a pollen tube as it develops down the style. Use it to answer the questions that follows; i Name the part labelled G. 1mk ii State two functions of structure labelled E. 2mks 11. A group of Form Three students collected a certain specimen for study as shown below. Study it carefully and use it to answer the questions that follow. I Name the type of metamorphosis in the above specimen. 1mk ii Give any two advantages of the above metamorphosis. 2mks 12. A mature coconut fruit has mesocarp which has air spaces. Explain the biological significance of that mesocarp. 2mks 13. Use the chemical formula below to answer the question that follow; 2C51 H98O6 145 O2 102 CO2 98H2O Fat oxygen carbon water IV Oxide a Calculate the respiratory quotient RQ 3mks b Under what condition do animals use tissue protein for respiration? 1mk 14. Name the causative agent of the following disease. I Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 1mk ii Syphilis 1mk Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 15. The diagram below shows onion cells in a field of view of a light microscope X400 Using the dark line as diameter of field of view, determine the actual diameter of one cell 4mks 16. Identify the functions of a light microscope as shown by the following diagrams 2mks a Function b Function .. 17. The following is a cross-section of part of a plant Samwel observed that this diagram represents a monocot root.


Identify the functions of a light microscope as shown by the following diagrams 2mks a Function b Function .. 17. The following is a cross-section of part of a plant Samwel observed that this diagram represents a monocot root. Give a reason why i It is a root 1mk ii It is from a monocot plant 1mk Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 18. An experiment was carried out as shown below to study enzymatic reactions. After 30minutes, Biuret s test was carried out on contents of each test tube to get results. Fill in the table below to offer explanation for the results obtained 4mks Test Tube Result Explanation C Blue D Purple 19. State two characteristics that make alveolus and buccal cavity suitable for gaseous exchange. 2 Marks 20. State the changes that take place during inhalation in mammals in the following structures. A Rib Cage 1mk b Diaphragm. 1mk 21. Explain two ways in which the trachea is adapted to perform its functions. 2marks 22. State two control measures of bilharzia. 2 Marks 23. A. What is eutrophication? 2 marks b. What are the effects of eutrophication? 2 marks 24. In an experiment to determine the population size of mosquitoes in Kisumu Museum, Kenya Research Institute researchers caught 600 mosquitoes which they marked and released. After 24hrs 300 mosquitoes were caught out of which 100 already had the marks. A Suggest a possible instrument of capturing the mosquitoes 1mk b Estimate the population size of mosquitoes in Kisumu Museum. 2mks 25. Give two classes of the phylum Chordata whose members are all poikilothermic. 2mks 26. State the role of the following in a nitrogen cycle: a Nitrogen fixing bacteria. 1mk b Nitrifying bacteria. 1mk Biology paper 1, 2 3 www.freekcsepastpapers.com 27. The diagram below shows a phenomenon which occurs during cell division. A. Name the parts labeled A and B. 2marks b.