This video outlines the historical development of China from the Neolithic period to the unification of the Qin Dynasty through a series of images and subtitles.The video opens with a black background of an airplane flying through the sky and an old world map, leading to an overview of Chinese history.The scene then switches to a detailed map of the world, and the camera slowly rotates to show the details of the map, leading the audience into Robin's description of Chinese history.The video begins with an introduction to the Neolithic period, from 8,000 to 6,000 BC, when Neolithic cultures from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River began to spread to the Ximan and Yangtze River regions, with the earliest sites found in the Yanshou Basin.During this period, colored and black pottery was used, and swords were produced at the end of the Neolithic period.Next, the video shows that around 2000 BC, the use of bronzes became widespread and early state forms began to emerge.In the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, political organization gradually took shape, and palace ruins and bronzes in the Erlitou area confirm the existence of the Xia Dynasty.The Shang Dynasty, which began around 1600 B.C., was based on the city-state countries in the middle reaches of the Huanghua River, where state policies were formulated by interpreting the will of the gods through divination.During the Shang Dynasty, bronze tools and agricultural implements were used, and rituals and agriculture became important social activities.The video continues with the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, the 11th century B.C. The Shang Dynasty gradually expanded its power by conquering smaller neighboring states.The Zhou Dynasty practiced a feudal system, dividing the land among the vassals and appointing them to administer their respective territories.However, over time, the blood ties between the royal family and the vassal states weakened, and the dependence of the vassal states on the royal family deepened, culminating in a civil war in the 8th century B.C., which brought the Western Zhou period to an end and the Eastern Zhou period to a start.During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a struggle for hegemony among the vassal states, and the social structure changed, with the gradual formation of the scholar-peasantry-industry-industry.The use of iron and the introduction of plowing oxen increased agricultural productivity and economic development.During this period, social consciousness was raised, talented individuals were appointed to the bureaucracy, and Confucianism became the basic ruling principle.Confucius emphasized family ethics based on filial piety, aiming to establish a social order with family ethics at its core.The video concludes with the unification of the Qin Dynasty.Qin Shi Huang first unified China in 221 BC and introduced a centralized system, dividing the country into counties, which were administered by officials appointed by the emperor.He built a network of roads connecting the provinces, standardized currency and units of measure, and facilitated economic and cultural exchanges.Qin Shi Huang imposed a strict rule of law, burning books and burying the remains of his critics in order to suppress ideas and forces that opposed the state.Overall, this video vividly illustrates the historical development of China from the Neolithic Age to the unification of the Qin Dynasty through rich graphics and subtitles, highlighting key events and important figures in each period and presenting a full picture of China's early history.[00:10:00->00:20:00] The video screen switches to a map of China, with a red dot appearing in the center of the map, marking the geographical location of Qin.The camera slowly draws in closer as the red dot becomes larger and larger, clearly showing Qin's position in the north.The narrator begins to tell how Qin repelled the powerful nomadic Huns to the north, while building the Great Wall in the south, which stretched all the way to Guangdong and northern Vietnam, consolidating the southern boundaries of the Qin dynasty.The scene then switches to a group of peasants working in a farm field, they look exhausted, sweat soaking their clothes.The narrator mentions that the harsh rule of the Qin Dynasty and frequent large-scale civil engineering projects, such as the construction of the Great Wall and the Terracotta Warriors, put great pressure on the peasants' lives.The farmers had sad faces and seemed uncertain and worried about the future.Immediately afterward, the scene shows a group of people in traditional dress walking up a staircase to a large door.They walk with heavy steps, as if they are carrying a heavy burden.The narrator goes on to recount that these mega-projects caused popular discontent and backlash, forcing the state to tighten its grip on the people in order to maintain its rule.The camera pans to a tall palace, where a ruler in ornate dress stands on a raised platform overlooking his subjects below.He had a serious expression on his face and seemed to be thinking about how to consolidate his power.The narrator mentions that in order to consolidate power, the Qin dynasty imposed strict laws and heavy taxes, which made the lives of ordinary people extremely difficult.The scene switches once again to a group of people dressed in traditional Korean costumes performing the traditional art of combat.These performances seem to symbolize the Qin dynasty's ability to maintain control over its people through strict military training.The narrator mentions that despite all the measures taken by the Qin Dynasty, popular discontent gradually built up and eventually erupted into large-scale rebellions after the death of Qin Shi Huang, and these rebellions took place one after another all over the country.As the sun sets, the scene shows a group of peasants taking to the streets, arms raised, their eyes filled with anger and determination.The narrator mentions that the political situation changed dramatically in 206 B.C. when the Qin Dynasty finally fell and the Yellow Turbans took power.With the outbreak of the Yellow Turbans Uprising, politicians from all over the world assumed power and a new political landscape was formed.The scene finally settles on a man in a crown and banner, who appears to be a new ruler, standing over a land that has just undergone great change.The narrator mentions that in 202 B.C., Liu Bang defeated his rivals and established the Han Dynasty, unifying China.The establishment of the Han Dynasty marked the beginning of a new era and laid the foundation for China's future.[00:20:00->00:30:00] The video screen switches to a serene indoor scene with a group of people dressed in traditional Chinese clothing sitting around an antique wooden table.They appeared to be engaged in an ancient game, with elaborate chessboards and pieces on the table.The expressions on these men's faces were serious and focused, as if they were engaged in a battle of wits.The narrator begins to tell that these figures represent the seven sages of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Seven Sages of the Bell Forest.They lived under the constraints of society but chose a different way of life, living freely in nature and enjoying contemplation and conversation.As the scene shifts, a group of people dressed in traditional Korean costumes appear on the screen as they perform a traditional Korean dance.The dancers moved with grace and light steps as if they were telling an ancient story.The narrator mentions that these dances were not only an expression of art, but also a reflection and dialog on the reality of life for the intellectuals of the time.Immediately afterward, the camera pans to a man sitting in a chair, wearing a simple robe and meditating with his eyes closed.His expression was calm and he seemed to have entered a state of deep thought.The narrator goes on to relate that the intellectuals of the time expressed their tendency to escape from reality through poetry and art, a tendency that is exemplified in Doyen Minh's poem "History of Noble Transactions," which depicts the aristocratic life of the songstresses in the painting.The scene switches again to a woman sitting in a chair, writing something on a piece of paper.She was wearing a white shirt and was so focused that she seemed to be composing a poem.The narrator mentions that these poems were not only artistic expressions, but also reflected the deep thinking of the intellectuals of the time about the social reality.The video clip then shows a world map highlighting the spread of Buddhism from its origin in India to the rest of the world.The narrator mentions that Buddhism was widely spread and developed during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and was welcomed by the dynastic courts especially for its esoteric teachings and non-discriminatory nature.The construction of large cave temples, such as the Yungang Grottoes, is a reflection of the prosperity of Buddhism during this period.The scene switches again to a man riding a camel slowly through the desert, the sun is about to set and the sky is a golden color.The narrator mentions that monks, such as Tian Li, made pilgrimages to India to study the Buddhist scriptures and bring them back to China for translation.This process not only facilitated the spread of Buddhism in China, but also enhanced cultural diversity.Finally, the video screen is framed on a map of China and its neighboring regions, showing China's relations with South Korea, Mongolia, Russia and other countries.The narrator mentions that common cultural traits in East Asia include not only religion and ideology, but also institutional and cultural factors, such as the use of Chinese characters.These cultural elements have spread widely among East Asian countries, forming a common cultural base.Confucianism later became the ruling principle of the state and spread to many neighboring countries, becoming a political ideology and social norm in East Asia.Through rich imagery and narration, this video vividly illustrates the intellectual life of the Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties, the spread of Buddhism, and its impact on East Asian culture, highlighting the important historical events and cultural developments of the period.[00:30:00->00:40:00] The scene of the video gradually switches to show a group of people in traditional Korean costumes performing a traditional dance.The dancers' movements were graceful and rhythmic, as if they were telling an ancient story.The narrator begins to talk about the impact of Buddhism on China and neighboring countries.The spread of Buddhism not only brought about the construction of temples and stupas, but also contributed to the rise of cave temples.These religious buildings not only demonstrate Buddhist beliefs, but also reflect how Buddhism has integrated into the cultures of various countries and become an important force in maintaining social order and political stability.As the scene shifts, the camera pans to a world map on which the range of Chinese characters in use is marked.The narrator mentions that the widespread use of Chinese characters in East Asia has fostered cultural exchanges and solidarity among Asian countries.Chinese characters have not only become the common script in East Asia, but have also played an important role in promoting cultural integration.This has led to the formation of a common ground in language and writing among the East Asian countries, further cementing a sense of cultural identity.The video then shows a man in traditional dress who is sitting in a chair meditating.His expression was calm and he seemed to have entered a state of deep thought.The narrator goes on to relate that the intellectuals of the time expressed their tendency to escape from reality through poetry and art, a tendency that is exemplified in Doyen Minh's poem "History of Noble Transactions," which depicts the aristocratic life of the songstresses in the painting.These poems were not only artistic expressions, but also reflected the profound thinking of the intellectuals of the time about the social reality.The scene switches again to show a man riding a camel slowly through the desert as the sun is about to set and the sky takes on a golden color.The narrator mentions that monks, such as Tian Li, made pilgrimages to India to study the Buddhist scriptures and bring them back to China for translation.This process not only facilitated the spread of Buddhism in China, but also enhanced cultural diversity.The video concludes by framing a map of China and the surrounding region, which is labeled with China's relations with South Korea, Mongolia, Russia and other countries.The narrator mentions that common cultural traits in East Asia include not only religion and ideology, but also institutional and cultural factors, such as the use of Chinese characters.These cultural elements have spread widely among East Asian countries, forming a common cultural base.Confucianism later became the ruling principle of the state and spread to many neighboring countries, becoming a political ideology and social norm in East Asia.Through rich images and narration, this video vividly illustrates the spread of Buddhism in China and neighboring countries and its impact on East Asian culture.The video not only highlights the important architectural, artistic and cultural contributions of Buddhism, but also emphasizes the key role of Chinese characters in promoting regional cultural integration.Through these depictions, viewers are able to gain a deeper understanding of the historical and cultural development of the period.[00:40:00->00:50:00] The video screen switches to a detailed map of the world, which shows different areas of China and its neighboring countries, including South Korea, Mongolia, and Tibet.A green dot in the center of the map is particularly prominent and seems to mark an important location.The narrator begins to tell the historical background of the loss of this area to the Southern Song Dynasty, which made Iman (present-day Hangzhou) its new capital.The scene then switches to a group of people in traditional Korean costumes performing a traditional dance show, with the dancers moving gracefully as if telling an ancient story.As the narrator continues, the Southern Song iterates through founding, fall, and chaos again until the 10th century, when a powerful nomadic people, the Granites, rise to become the dominant force in East Asia.As the map continues to be shown, the narrator mentions that in 916 the Granites united the tribes, founded Geran, destroyed the Balkhians, occupied the sixteen states south of the Great Wall of Mali, and renamed their country Yao, making it a conquering dynasty.The video shows a group of soldiers taking over a city, and the narrator mentions that Yao developed a strong military force, pressured Song, and eventually signed a peace oath with Song in exchange for annual tribute of silver and silk.The narrator goes on to say that in the 11th century, the Tangut people took control of the Silk Road and established a center of cultural exchange between East and West.The scene switches to a busy caravan traveling through the desert, and the narrator mentions that the Tangut people have developed through trade and have established a tribute relationship with the Song Dynasty, which has led to peace.However, this peace did not last, and there was a long period of friction between the Song Dynasty and the Gelan Kingdom, which led to a long war that was never won.The video screen switches to the Mongolian Plateau, where a green dot on the map gradually zooms in to show a statue of a man holding a size and a sword in his hand, symbolizing justice and balance.The narrator mentions that in the early 13th century, the Mongols invaded and destroyed the area.Temujin united the tribes into a formidable force, and in 1206 he was chosen as Genghis Khan, meaning ruler of the world.A large Mongol army is shown marching across the steppes, and the narrator mentions that the Mongol empire expanded through a series of conquests from East Asia to West Asia and beyond, extending its territory to the Polish-Hungarian border and through it to the entire Eurasian continent.The scene switches again to a map showing the vast territory of the Mongol Empire, and the narrator mentions that in order to effectively manage its vast territory, the Mongol Empire created transportation routes and a system of stagecoaches to ensure that information and official documents could be delivered quickly.The scene shows a procession of carriages and soldiers marching along a road, and the narrator mentions that this system allowed for the consolidation of imperial rule, strengthened the maritime trade network throughout Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean, and allowed for the common prosperity of port cities such as Hangzhou, Quanzhou, and Guangzhou.The video concludes with a world map showing the extent of the Mongol Empire's rule in the center of the map.The narrator mentions that the Mongol Empire became a strong military power and cooperated with Islamic merchants to achieve stability and prosperity, a period known as the Pax Mongolica.The image fades out, marking the end of this historical period.[00:50:00->01:00:00] The video screen switches to a detailed map of the world, an ancient hand-drawn map drawn on a piece of paper that seems to transport the viewer back hundreds of years.The narrator begins to talk about the glory days of the Mongol Empire, a period known as the Pax Mongolica, when the Mongols unified Eurasia through a series of conquests and opened up trade routes between East and West.The scene then switches to a group of people in historical costumes standing in front of a statue that appears to be reenacting a historical event.The narrator mentions that the long-distance travels of the papal envoys have been initiated, led by, among others, the papal emissary, the Venetian merchant Marco Polo, and the Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta.These travelers portrayed China as a land of prosperity and wonder, and their travelogues graphically depicted life during the reign of the Mongol Empire, providing valuable information for future generations.The video then shows a group of people in traditional Korean costumes performing a traditional Korean dance, with the dancers moving with grace and rhythm, as if telling an ancient story.The narrator mentions that during this period, trade and cultural exchanges between the East and the West were very active, and Chinese porcelain, silk, gunpowder, compasses and printing were brought to the West, promoting the development of science and art in Europe.At the same time, knowledge of astronomy, calendars, and mathematics was introduced to China from the Islamic world, contributing to the development of science and technology in China.The scene switches again to a painting of a statue of Buddha in a temple, a beautifully detailed painting showing the religious art of the Mongol Empire period.The narrator goes on to recount that exchanges during this period were not limited to material and technology, but also included culture, art, and religion.Chinese painting techniques influenced Persia, while the Islamic world's knowledge of astronomy and mathematics was introduced to China, promoting the further development of science and technology.The video concludes by framing a world map with the vast boundaries of the Mongol Empire marked on it.The narrator mentions that the Mongol Empire was not only a strong military power, but also worked with Islamic merchants to achieve stability and prosperity.This period is known as the "Peace of Mongolia", and the prosperity of trade and cultural exchanges between the East and the West has left a valuable cultural heritage for future generations.Through rich graphics and narration, this video vividly illustrates the East-West exchanges and cultural interactions during the reign of the Mongol Empire, highlighting the importance of this period in history.The audience feels as if they are in that dynamic and transformative era, experiencing the interplay and integration of different civilizations.[01:00:00->01:10:00] The video screen switches to a detailed world map with different areas of China and its neighboring countries marked on it.The green dot on the map is particularly prominent and seems to mark an important location.The narrator begins the historical background of the early Qing Dynasty, emphasizing the predominance of the Manchus in the early years of the establishment of the Qing Dynasty.As the screen switched, it displayed a map of China with provinces and cities labeled in detail.The narrator mentions that in the early days of the Qing Dynasty, it was mainly controlled by the Manchus, but over time, Mongols and Han Chinese were gradually integrated into the army as well.Soldiers of the Eighth Corps were placed on a special register and enjoyed various privileges, including land distribution.These measures not only consolidated the military power of the Qing Dynasty, but also won the cooperation of the Han Chinese states.The video goes on to show how the Qing Dynasty, through a long period of conquest and cooperation, eventually built an empire that covered vast territories.The narrator mentions that, especially during the Kangxi years, the Qing Dynasty reached its heyday, controlling a territory much larger than a single country.It shows a group of people in traditional costumes dancing in a circle in what appears to be a cultural dance performance, symbolizing the multi-ethnic integration of the Qing Dynasty.The scene then switches to a painting of a statue of Buddha in a temple, beautifully illustrating the religious art of the Mongol Empire period.The narrator continues that the Qing Dynasty consolidated its rule not only through military conquest but also through economic and cultural means.The Qing Dynasty rewarded the surrendered Han provinces and further stabilized the internal order of the empire.The video goes on to show the Qing Dynasty's relationship with neighboring countries, especially with Russia.In 1689, the Qing Dynasty signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk with Russia, which delineated the border between the two countries.The narrator mentions that this treaty not only established the border between the two countries, but also strengthened Qing control over the northeast.The scene switches to the central government of the Qing Dynasty, and the narrator mentions that the Qing Dynasty further consolidated centralized power by establishing military banners and secret resident gates to directly control military affairs.The Qing Dynasty took a series of measures, including reforming the tax system and building up its economic base, which enabled it to reach its heyday and enjoy a long period of peace and prosperity.The video concludes with a detailed map showing the vast territories controlled by the Qing Dynasty.The narrator mentions that the Qing dynasty controlled not only the Manchus and Mongols, but also a large number of ethnic minorities, making it a multi-ethnic empire.The Qing Dynasty ensured harmony between the two ethnic groups by appointing Manchus and Han Chinese to important government positions.The Qing Dynasty also respected the traditional Confucian culture and practiced the ruling system of the past, gaining the cooperation and support of the ruling class.Through rich imagery and narration, this video vividly illustrates the founding, development, and heyday of the Qing Dynasty, highlighting its military, economic, and cultural accomplishments, as well as its management of a multi-ethnic empire.The audience feels as if they are in that era of change and prosperity, experiencing the strength of the Qing Dynasty and the fusion of diverse cultures.[01:10:00->01:20:00] The video screen switches to a detailed world map with different regions of China and its neighboring countries labeled.A yellow circle appears in the center of the map with a series of lines pointing to different parts of the map, seemingly showing China's trade routes.The narrator begins his account of maritime trade policies during the Ming and Qing dynasties, noting that while there were severe restrictions on activities such as private international travel, maritime trade, and fishing in the early period, these policies were gradually relaxed in the middle period, and then became strict again in the late period.The scene then switches to a group of people in traditional dress conducting a meeting where they appear to be discussing some important topic.The narrator goes on to mention that tribute trade with Korea and limited trade with Japan were still allowed despite restrictions on activities such as maritime trade and fishing.These forms of trade were maintained under both dynasties, but policies changed at different stages.The screen then shows a detailed map with the opening of the New Passage labeled.The narrator mentions that in the 16th century, the opening of new shipping routes led to a significant increase in trade, especially with Islamic merchants.With the opening of new shipping routes, European merchants also became involved in trade with China, which led to closer trade links between southeastern China, southeastern Japan, and Southeast Asia.The video footage switches to a group of people having dinner together at a table, who appear to be very pleasant and seem to be having a lighthearted conversation.The narrator mentions that China exports large quantities of silk, cotton cloth, embroidered shoes, and other goods, and that the country pays a large amount of money for the goods.The export of these commodities brought in large quantities of silver, which came mainly from the United States and Japan.The image then shows a man in traditional dress holding a wallet and standing in front of a wall of matches.The narrator goes on to say that the influx of silver into China led to the gradual formation of a silver-based economic system during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Not only did silver reach into rural areas, but it also became the primary means of paying taxes.At the end of the Ming Dynasty, in order to simplify the tax system, a "land tax reduction" policy was introduced, whereby a number of taxes were combined into a single land tax.The screen switches again to a detailed map of the vast territory controlled by the Qing Dynasty.The narrator mentions that the Qing Dynasty reached its heyday and enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity through a series of measures, such as reforming the tax system and building an economic base.The Qing Dynasty controlled not only the Manchus and Mongols, but also a large number of ethnic minorities, making it a multi-ethnic empire.The video concludes with a detailed map showing the vast territory controlled by the Qing Dynasty in the center.The narrator mentions that the Qing dynasty ensured harmony between the two ethnic groups by appointing Manchus and Han Chinese to important government positions.The Qing Dynasty also respected the traditional Confucian culture and practiced the ruling system of the past, gaining the cooperation and support of the ruling class.Through rich imagery and narration, this video vividly illustrates the trade policies of the Ming and Qing dynasties and their economic and cultural impact, highlighting the importance of this period in history.The audience felt as if they were in that era of change and prosperity, experiencing the strength of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the fusion of diverse cultures.[01:20:00->01:30:00] The video screen switches to a detailed world map with different regions of China and its neighboring countries labeled.A yellow circle appears in the center of the map with a series of lines pointing to different parts of the map, seemingly showing China's trade routes.The narrator begins his account of maritime trade policies during the Ming and Qing dynasties, noting that while there were severe restrictions on activities such as private international travel, maritime trade, and fishing in the early period, these policies were gradually relaxed in the middle period, and then became strict again in the late period.As the screen switched, a detailed map appeared on the screen, with the opening of the new route marked.The narrator mentions that in the 16th century, the opening of new shipping routes led to a significant increase in trade, especially with Islamic merchants.With the opening of new shipping routes, European merchants also became involved in trade with China, which led to closer trade links between southeastern China, southeastern Japan, and Southeast Asia.The video footage then switches to a group of people in traditional dress conducting a meeting where they appear to be discussing some important topic.The narrator goes on to mention that tribute trade with Korea and limited trade with Japan were still allowed despite restrictions on activities such as maritime trade and fishing.These forms of trade were maintained under both dynasties, but policies changed at different stages.The screen then shows a detailed map with the opening of the New Passage labeled.The narrator mentions that in the 16th century, the opening of new shipping routes led to a significant increase in trade, especially with Islamic merchants.With the opening of new shipping routes, European merchants also became involved in trade with China, which led to closer trade links between southeastern China, southeastern Japan, and Southeast Asia.The video footage switches to a group of people having dinner together at a table, who appear to be very pleasant and seem to be having a lighthearted conversation.The narrator mentions that China exports large quantities of silk, cotton cloth, embroidered shoes, and other goods, and that the country pays a large amount of money for the goods.The export of these commodities brought in large quantities of silver, which came mainly from the United States and Japan.The image then shows a man in traditional dress holding a wallet and standing in front of a wall of matches.The narrator goes on to say that the influx of silver into China led to the gradual formation of a silver-based economic system during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Not only did silver reach into rural areas, but it also became the primary means of paying taxes.At the end of the Ming Dynasty, in order to simplify the tax system, a "land tax reduction" policy was introduced, whereby a number of taxes were combined into a single land tax.The screen switches again to a detailed map of the vast territory controlled by the Qing Dynasty.The narrator mentions that the Qing Dynasty reached its heyday and enjoyed a long period of peace and prosperity through a series of measures, such as reforming the tax system and building an economic base.The Qing Dynasty controlled not only the Manchus and Mongols, but also a large number of ethnic minorities, making it a multi-ethnic empire.The video concludes with a detailed map showing the vast territory controlled by the Qing Dynasty in the center.The narrator mentions that the Qing dynasty ensured harmony between the two ethnic groups by appointing Manchus and Han Chinese to important government positions.The Qing Dynasty also respected the traditional Confucian culture and practiced the ruling system of the past, gaining the cooperation and support of the ruling class.The video screen switches to a detailed world map with different areas of China and its neighboring countries marked on it.A red dot appears in the center of the map, and the location of the red dot is India.The narrator mentions that in the face of repeated refusals, Britain declared a colony and attempted to import opium from colonial India to Chinese wheat.This triangular trade from opium from India to wheat from China created a trade deficit.The Qing Dynasty adopted the strategy of triangular export trade to cope with the trade deficit.The scene then switches to a group of people gathered in a room, with a man standing in front of them, sword in hand, and the rest of the room seemingly listening to his speech.The narrator mentions that the Qing Dynasty placed a high priority on opium smuggling and the resulting opium addiction as a serious problem.It then shows a group of people gathered in another room, with a man standing in the center of the room giving a speech and the people in the room listening intently.The video feed switches to a man lying on the floor, seemingly unconscious, as those around him try to revive him.The narrator mentions that the influx of opiates has led to an increase in the number of drug addicts and a growing social and economic crisis.A large amount of silver went out of the country, which had a major impact on the country's finances.Under pressure, the Qing government dispatched Lin Zexu to Guangzhou to deal with the opium problem.The scene then switches to a group of soldiers walking along a line, wearing uniforms and carrying weapons, and the scene appears to be in a war setting.The narrator mentions that Lin Zexu confiscated the opium in circulation in Guangzhou and destroyed it, shutting down the trade of British merchants.Britain took strong measures, including banning British merchants from trading with China.The video footage switches to a battle between two ships in what appears to be a historic sea battle.The narrator mentions that in 1840, Britain expanded its trade in green fruit to China, including opium, which led to the Opium Wars.After losing the war, the Qing Dynasty signed the Treaty of Nanking with Britain, an unequal treaty that abolished the public administration system, established new trade institutions, and paid huge indemnities to Britain.The scene switches again to a group of people gathered around a table in what appears to be a historical re-enactment of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.The narrator mentions that the Treaty of Nanking also opened up five Han Chinese regions, including Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Xiamen and Guangzhou, to foreigners for residence and trade.However, even after the signing of the treaty, the Qing government failed to fulfill its promise to improve trade, leading to the second Opium War, which was again launched by Britain in 1856.The video footage shows a group of people dressed in traditional Korean costumes performing a traditional Korean dance show, with the dancers moving gracefully as if telling an ancient story.The narrator mentions that the outbreak of the Second Opium War was triggered by the Rojo Incident, in which the British crew of a British-flagged Chinese ship was arrested.This event prompted Britain to join forces with France to launch a military campaign against the Qing Dynasty, leading to the forced signing of the Treaty of Tianjin and Beijing.The screen switches to a map of Europe with various locations marked on what appears to be a screenshot of a video game.The narrator mentions that Russia captured Yantai from the Qing Dynasty, which set the stage for the Russian invasion of the Far East.The Qing Dynasty was defeated by Britain in the First Sino-British War, and its international reputation was devastated.Subsequent imports of Western goods and price increases, as well as currency devaluation, exacerbated the discontent of the taxed peasants.The video screen switches to a group of soldiers fighting in front of an ancient castle, armed with swords and shields.The narrator mentions that peasant discontent led to a number of rebellions, including the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement led by Hong Xiuquan in 1851.The Taiping Rebellion advocated the abolition of the caste system, the realization of gender equality, and the equal distribution of land, which won the widespread support of the peasants.From Guangxi, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established a strong regime with Nanjing as its capital, but it was eventually completely collapsed in 1864 by a joint attack by the Qing government and Western powers.The scene switches to a group of people in traditional Korean costumes performing a traditional Korean dance show, the dancers move gracefully and seem to be telling an ancient story.The narrator mentions that the defeat of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom prompted the Qing Dynasty to realize the superiority of Western science and technology, and therefore introduced Western technology and carried out a series of modernization reforms.These reforms included the development of the arms industry, the creation of a Western-style army and navy, and the opening of new schools and the sending of foreign students to study abroad.The video footage is finally framed on a map of the world, which is labeled with the relationships of the countries.The narrator mentions that although the Qing Dynasty undertook a series of modernization reforms, these reforms did not achieve the desired results due to the lack of systematic support and planning from the central government.The failure of the Sino-Japanese War clearly demonstrated that China needed to make deeper structural social and economic changes to meet the challenges of the West.[01:30:00->01:40:00] The video screen switches to a group of people dressed in traditional Korean clothing standing in front of an old building as they perform some sort of ceremony.As the scene progresses, their movements can be seen to be graceful and rhythmic, as if telling an ancient story.The narrator mentions the concepts of "Wei Qi" and "Yang Qi", which were important in Chinese society at that time.The narrator continues that some intellectuals, such as Wei Shusheng and Yang Qiqiao, drew inspiration from the success of the Meiji Restoration in Japan.They called for reforming China's political system by borrowing from the Western parliamentary system and the contents of the Art and Culture.These intellectuals hoped to reform the old system by introducing the western parliamentary system and constitutional monarchy to meet the needs of the new era.The scene then switches to what appears to be a cultural performance of traditional Korean dance by a group of people dressed in traditional Korean costumes.The narrator mentions that these intellectuals not only pushed for political reforms, but also attempted modernization in various fields such as education, law and economics.They created a new educational system, trained a new type of military force, developed industry and commerce, and carried out legislative and administrative reforms.As the scene progresses, specific measures of these reforms can be seen, such as the abolition of the old system, the establishment of new schools, and the formation of a new type of army.The narrator mentions that although these reforms were materialized and implemented through the Hundred Days' Reform of 1898, they were strongly opposed and suppressed by conservatives such as Xu Dahui and Yuan Shikai.The support of the Guangxu Emperor ultimately failed to change the fate of the reforms, and the reform movement ended in failure.The scene switches to a couple dressed in traditional Korean garb, the man in a crown and the woman in an ornate costume, as they stand in front of an ancient backdrop.The narrator mentions that although Emperor Guangxu tried to push for reforms, he was ultimately unsuccessful.The failure of the reforms plunged China into a deeper crisis, and the aggression and interests of the Western powers further aggravated China's predicament.The video footage goes on to show a group of soldiers marching along a line, wearing uniforms and carrying weapons in what appears to be a military parade.The narrator mentions that in the face of pressure from the Western powers, the Qing government tried to fight the powers with justice, but soon fell into an international crisis.Britain, Germany, Japan and eight other countries formed a coalition to intervene in China, demanding that the Qing government pay reparations for repression and allow foreign troops to enter Beijing.The scene switches to a man in traditional dress sitting in a chair, who appears to be a leader or ruler.The narrator mentions that the presence of these foreign armies dealt a major blow to the sovereignty and economy of the Qing Dynasty and furthered anti-Western sentiment in China.The Qing government furthered Western folklore sentiments in the process, but these efforts failed to alleviate the crisis in China.The video concludes with a map of China and its neighboring countries, which shows the geographic boundaries of China and its neighbors.The narrator mentions that, faced with internal and external difficulties, China has begun a new attempt at reform.In 1911, the Wuchang New Army led an uprising against the Qing Dynasty, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and the revolutionary awakening spread rapidly throughout the country.In 1912, the revolutionary army occupied Nanjing, and Sun Yat-sen was inaugurated as the provisional president of the Republic of China, and China's first republic was proclaimed.Through rich imagery and narration, this video vividly illustrates China's historical progression from the Hundred Days' Reform to the Xinhai Revolution, highlighting the efforts of intellectuals and reformers, as well as the eventual disintegration of the Qing government.The audience felt as if they were in that time of turmoil and change, and felt the profound changes in Chinese society.[01:40:00->01:50:00] The video screen switches to a detailed world map with the location of China and its neighboring countries clearly marked.The red dot in the center of the map marks the geographic location of Rui'an City, Jiangxi Province, and the narrator begins to tell the history of the Long March of the Communist Party of China.In 1934, in order to break out of the Kuomintang's encirclement, the Chinese communists began a two-year long Long March, and finally managed to reach northern Shaanxi in 1936, covering about 25,000 miles.The scene then switches to a group of soldiers in military uniforms who appear to be in a state of intense preparation for battle.The narrator mentions that during the Long March, Mao Zedong's position as leader of the Communist Party of China gradually solidified.Mao's leadership not only achieved remarkable military results, but also won widespread political support.Meanwhile, in 1931, Japan invaded mainland China through the Manchurian Incident and established the pseudo-Manchukuo, which further aggravated the crisis in China.The video footage goes on to show a group of soldiers in battle, looking heroic as they hold their weapons.The narrator mentions that with the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937, China was plunged into an even more dire situation.The outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War not only intensified Japan's aggression against China, but also led to domestic unrest.At this time, the Kuomintang government's policy of purging the Communists was expanding and sparking popular discontent.The scene then switches to a group of people protesting in the streets, holding up signs and shouting slogans to express their dissatisfaction with the current situation.The narrator mentions that the outbreak of war led to further escalation of dissatisfaction with the KMT's policy of purging the Communists, culminating in December 1936, when Manchurian warlord Zhang Xueliang imprisoned Chiang Kai-shek, who had come to agitate for a cessation of the civil war and a joint fight against Japan.The video footage then switches to a room where a group of people are discussing something, the door is locked and the atmosphere appears tense.The narrator mentions that this event led to the formation of the Second National Communist Party.The Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CPC) once again joined forces to wage a total war against Japan.During the War of Resistance against Japan, the CPC actively mobilized the peasants and broadened their support base, laying the foundation for post-war development.The scene switches again to a group of soldiers standing in a line, looking solemn in their uniforms with red flags flapping in the wind.The narrator mentions that after the end of the war against Japan, China entered a new period of civil war.In 1949, under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the Communist Party of China finally defeated the Kuomintang and established the People's Republic of China.The new Government has implemented a number of reforms, including land reform, nationalization of banks and major industries, and an economic development plan.The video screen then shows a graph showing economic development, which is trending upward, and the city's night scene illuminated by the new light.The narrator mentions that these reform measures have boosted China's rapid economic development, but they have also brought about problems such as bureaucratic corruption.In 1989, students and intellectuals protested in Tiananmen Square, demanding an end to corruption and greater political freedom.The Chinese government has suppressed these protests by force.The scene switches to a group of people in white shirts standing in a line, they look very serious.The narrator mentions that despite these sacrifices, China has continued to pursue a policy of reform and opening up, and its economy has continued to grow and its national strength has continued to grow.In 1997, China took over Hong Kong from Britain, and in 1999, Macau was returned from Portugal.These events mark a significant rise in China's international standing.The video ends by framing a world map with the red dot in the center of the map still prominent.The narrator mentions that China has achieved a great deal in the last few decades, but still faces many challenges.The road ahead is full of hope and opportunities, and China will continue to strive to realize the prosperity of the country and the happiness of its people.

Question: There have been several dynasties and special periods up to now.

Choices:
A. Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty. 5 dynasties, 1 special period.
B. Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty. 6 dynasties, 1 special period.
C. Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Dynasty, Tang Dynasty. 5 dynasties, 1 special period.
D. Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty and Warring States Period, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty. 5 dynasties, 1 special period.

Answer: A

Xia Dynasty, Shang Dynasty, Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty. 5 dynasties, 1 special period.

The first dynasty recorded in Chinese history, the Xia Dynasty [00:01:00->00:01:09]

Shang Dynasty, beginning around 1600 B.C., originated as a city-state that emerged in the middle reaches of the Yellow River [00:01:15->00:01:20]

In the 11th century BC, the Shang Dynasty was destroyed by the Zhou. The Zhou, located in the Weishui Valley to the west of the Shang Dynasty, overthrew the Shang Dynasty and set its capital at Haojing in the present-day Shaanxi region [00:02:00->00:02:46].

The Spring and Autumn Period was dominated by the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, consisting of five leaders: Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, King Zhuang of Chu, King Helu of Wu, and King Goujian of Yue. They did so in the name of "honoring the king and resisting the barbarians", i.e., protecting the Zhou royal family and fending off invasions by border ethnic minorities. After the Warring States period, the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, represented by Qin, Chu, Qi, Yan, Zhao, and Wei, came on the scene, and they annexed the weaker vassal states in order to fight for hegemony. [00:03:22->00:03:48]

The State of Qin. Appointing Shang Yang, a legalist, Qin vigorously pursued a policy of enriching the country and strengthening the army, and gained a foothold in the Warring States period. Using paperwork to improve administrative efficiency and a legal code to establish a strict legal order, Qin then conquered the other six states in turn, achieving the first unification of China in 221 BCE. [00:06:18->00:06:26]

However, the brutal ruling style of the Qin Dynasty and the frequent large-scale civil engineering works such as the Great Wall of China, the A-Fang Palace and the Terracotta Warriors triggered the revolt of the peasants. Eventually, after the death of Shih Huangdi, the eunuch Zhao Gao's manipulation of power and political corruption led to the outbreak of rebellions in various places, starting with the Chen Sheng-Wu Guang Uprising. This internal dissatisfaction and revolt led to the downfall of the Qin Dynasty in 206 B.C. The Qin Dynasty was then divided into two groups: Xiang Yu and Liu Bang. After that, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang started the Chu-Han struggle. In 202 BC, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and established the Han Dynasty, which unified China again. After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty in 202 BC. [00:07:24->00:08:05]

Question: How many capitols are mentioned in the video.

Choices:
A. Haojing, Luoyi, Chang'an. 3 capital cities.
B. Kaifeng, Nanjing, Anyang. 3 capital cities.
C. Luoyang, Xianyang, Handan. 3 capital cities.
D. Yinxu, Chengzhou, Linzi. 3 capital cities.

Answer: A

Haojing, Luoyi, Chang'an. 3 capital cities.

The Zhou Dynasty set its capital at Haojing in the present-day Shaanxi region [00:02:09->00:02:16]

The Zhou Dynasty moved its capital eastward to Luoyi after the invading minority from the west, the Injun, attacked. The period after the Zhou Dynasty moved its capital is known as the Eastern Zhou Period [00:02:57->00:03:03]

Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu and established the Han Dynasty to unify China. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Chang'an was used as the capital. [00:08:03->00:08:10]

Question: What is the relationship between changes in productivity and the society of the state?

Choices:
A. Changes in productivity primarily affect the economic policies of the state, leading to the adoption of new taxation methods and trade regulations, which in turn influence the state's fiscal stability and international relations, but have minimal impact on social structures or ideological developments.
B. Productivity improvements lead to the centralization of power within the state, as rulers leverage new technologies to strengthen their authority and suppress dissent, thereby maintaining social order without fostering class divisions or ideological diversity.
C. The development of productivity can change people's standard of living, productivity and efficiency has increased dramatically making different occupations appear, dividing people into different classes, due to the national class conflict and conflict between different classes triggered, the emergence of a variety of ideological trends. These thinkers and scholars of different schools of thought came up with practical political ideas and solutions. Among them, the state of Qin, which had appointed the Legalists, grew strong and eventually unified China into the Qin Dynasty. The development of productive forces thus gave rise to many differences in the foundations of state development. From the emergence of different sizes of countries, and then push the boat, the strong dynasty replaced the weak dynasty, completed the dynastic change.
D. The evolution of productivity fosters technological advancements that enhance agricultural output and industrial capabilities, resulting in urbanization and the growth of cities, but does not significantly alter the political landscape or the emergence of new philosophical schools.

Answer: C

The development of productivity can change people's standard of living, productivity and efficiency has increased dramatically making different occupations appear, dividing people into different classes, due to the national class conflict and conflict between different classes triggered, the emergence of a variety of ideological trends. These thinkers and scholars of different schools of thought came up with practical political ideas and solutions. Among them, the state of Qin, which had appointed the Legalists, grew strong and eventually unified China into the Qin Dynasty. The development of productive forces thus gave rise to many differences in the foundations of state development. From the emergence of different sizes of countries, and then push the boat, the strong dynasty replaced the weak dynasty, completed the dynastic change.

The Neolithic era began in the Yangshao culture, which produced colored pottery known as painted pottery, and these sites and bronze artifacts were the first dynasty recorded in Chinese history The Xia dynasty existed at this time, when productivity was relatively backward [00:00:23->00:01:03]

Weapons and ceremonial vessels of the Shang Dynasty were mainly made of bronze, while agricultural tools were made of stone and wood. Productivity was somewhat developed [00:01:39->00:01:45].

Culture also gradually spread southward. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, the introduction of iron farming tools and the use of oxen for plowing began to appear. The result was the reclamation of land and, the development of water conservancy projects, the productivity and efficiency of agriculture increased dramatically, iron smelting, the development of textiles, salt and other industries were also promoted, and commerce was gradually formed. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, commercial activities became active, and knife coins, cloth coins, etc. [00:04:01->00:04:16]

Changes in productivity affected the basic unit of exchange, and such changes also affected the social structure, with the emergence of the concepts of "scholar-peasant-industrialist", i.e., scholars, peasants and artisans, and merchants. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, in particular, the intellectual and learned classes were widely appointed as bureaucrats, which in turn triggered the emergence of the thinkers known as the "Hundred Schools of Thought." During this period of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many classes and many countries in the context of the intensification of the conflict between the times, the emergence of the appointment of the legalist Shang Yang of the Qin [00:04:28->00:06:20]

Qin used instruments to improve administrative efficiency, formulated legal codes, established a strict legal order, and then conquered the other six states in turn, realizing the unification of China for the first time in 221 BC. It can be seen that the development of the productive forces led to the division of the people into different classes, and the development of the productive forces led to the improvement of the living conditions so that some scholars were able to develop their own ideas, which also influenced the development of the country, and in turn triggered the change of dynasties. Or the emergence of a solid state. [00:06:13->00:06:26]

Question: Why is the Eastern Zhou also known as the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period.

Choices:
A. Because the Zhou Dynasty's adoption of new agricultural technologies created wealth disparities among the states, prompting the division into the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.
B. Due to the Zhou Dynasty's expansion of trade routes and economic prosperity, which caused regional powers to emerge and compete, leading to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.
C. Because the Zhou Dynasty implemented a centralized administration that led to internal conflicts among the nobility, resulting in the division into the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.
D. Due to the Zhou Dynasty feudal system between the royal family and the vassal blood ties gradually weakened the power of the vassal gradually increased, and coupled with the western invasion of the minority Cannon Rong attacked, the Zhou Dynasty royal family weakened the power of the city state gradually developed into a state so that appeared, a number of forces divided into the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period.

Answer: D

Due to the Zhou Dynasty feudal system between the royal family and the vassal blood ties gradually weakened the power of the vassal gradually increased, and coupled with the western invasion of the minority Cannon Rong attacked, the Zhou Dynasty royal family weakened the power of the city state gradually developed into a state so that appeared, a number of forces divided into the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period.

The Zhou dynasty, which practiced the feudal system through the doctrine of Confucianism, saw the blood ties between the royal family and the vassals weaken over time, and the power of the vassals gradually increase. [00:02:46->00:02:51]

Thereafter, around the 8th century B.C., the Zhou Dynasty suffered from internal strife and the invading minority from the west, the Injun, attacked, and the Zhou Dynasty moved its capital eastward to Luoyi. Zhou Dynasty moved its capital [00:02:57->00:03:03]

The Spring and Autumn Period was dominated by the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, consisting of five leaders: the Duke of Qi Huan of Qi, the Duke of Jin Wen of Jin, the King of Chu Zhuang of Chu, the King of Wu Helu of Wu, and the King of Yue, the King of Yue, and the King of Yue, Goujian of Yue. They led the vassal states in the name of "honoring the king and resisting the barbarians", i.e., protecting the Zhou royal family and fending off the invasion of border minorities. But after entering the Warring States period, the Seven Warring States, represented by Qin, Chu, Qi, Yan, Zhao, and Wei, made their debut. They annexed the weaker vassal states and fought with each other for hegemony, opening up an era of the weak and the strong. In this process, the city-state gradually developed into a territorial state, and the feudal system was gradually transformed into the county system. [00:03:04->00:03:43]

Question: How many administrative systems are mentioned in the video?

Choices:
A. 2 types, the feudal system and the county system.
B. 4 types, the feudal system, the county system, the three provinces and six ministries system, and the prefecture system.
C. 3 types, the feudal system, the county system, and the three provinces and six ministries system.
D. 3 types, the feudal system, the county system, and the prefecture system.

Answer: C

3 types, the feudal system, the county system, and the three provinces and six ministries system.

The Zhou Dynasty's use of the feudal system led to a subsequent period of chaos during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. [00:02:00->00:03:00]

At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Chang'an was used as the capital city, and county governors and vassals were dispatched to implement the county system of direct rule by the emperor and the feudal system of rule by the imperial family and meritorious vassals [00:08:03->00:08:10]

The Tang Dynasty governed the country on the basis of a system of three provinces and six ministries. At the central level, the three-province system was used to efficiently handle policy and implementation matters headed by the emperor's edicts; at the local level in the prefectures and counties, officials were dispatched to manage the situation. [00:25:00->00:26:03]

Question: How will changes in the talent selection system affect the country?

Choices:
A. Changes in the talent selection system will prioritize military expertise over administrative skills, resulting in a stronger army but a decline in civil governance and economic stability.
B. The continuous improvement of the talent selection system makes it more important for more capable people to get important, making the country strong. At the same time, with the imperial examination system, making the selection of talents from many fields, but also to strengthen the centralization of power, centralization is conducive to the stability of the country, the efficiency of the administration will be effectively enhanced, may make the Tang Dynasty, the national strength of the country continues to improve and become strong. The internal environment of the country will be stabilized. It can promote the solid development of the economy, people's lives become better, and promote the development of productive forces. Eventually, a powerful dynasty was developed.
C. The reform of the talent selection system will lead to a decentralization of power, causing regional governors to gain more autonomy, which may weaken the central authority and lead to political fragmentation.
D. The new talent selection system will focus solely on literary achievements, neglecting technical and scientific fields, which could hinder technological progress and economic diversification.

Answer: B

The continuous improvement of the talent selection system makes it more important for more capable people to get important, making the country strong. At the same time, with the imperial examination system, making the selection of talents from many fields, but also to strengthen the centralization of power, centralization is conducive to the stability of the country, the efficiency of the administration will be effectively enhanced, may make the Tang Dynasty, the national strength of the country continues to improve and become strong. The internal environment of the country will be stabilized. It can promote the solid development of the economy, people's lives become better, and promote the development of productive forces. Eventually, a powerful dynasty was developed.

During the Zhou Dynasty, simple methods of talent selection were mainly practiced, such as the filial piety and honesty system, [00:02:00->00:03:00]

In the Han Dynasty, through the Chaju system, in which local officials recommended talents from their jurisdictions to the central government, powerful landowners were able to enter the bureaucracy and dominate centralized politics. [00:12:35->00:12:40]

The Tang Dynasty introduced the imperial examination system for selecting talents and at the same time strengthened centralized power [00:23:53->00:24:00].

The continuous improvement of the talent selection system has made it possible for more talented people to gain importance and for the country to become strong. At the same time, with the creation of the imperial examination system, it makes the selection of talents wider from many fields, and also strengthens the centralization of power.

Centralization of power is conducive to national stability, and the efficiency of administration will be effectively improved, which may make the Tang Dynasty's national power continuously increase to become powerful.

The strength of the State will make the internal environment of the country stable. It can promote solid economic development, make people's lives better, and promote the development of productive forces. Eventually, a strong dynasty will develop.

Question: What are the implications of assuming that the old state system is still in place in the midst of dynastic changes in the country?

Choices:
A. The continuation of the old State system fosters political adaptability, encouraging economic innovation and reducing societal tensions.
B. The persistence of the old State system leads to a rigid political system, which makes it difficult for the economy to develop and is prone to social unrest and conflict.
C. Maintaining the old State system results in decentralized governance, promoting regional autonomy and economic diversification.
D. The preservation of the old State system enhances cultural continuity, stabilizing societal norms while limiting economic transformation.

Answer: B

The persistence of the old State system leads to a rigid political system, which makes it difficult for the economy to develop and is prone to social unrest and conflict.

The old national system was often accompanied by a fixed system of power distribution and hierarchy. Long-term use may lead to a high degree of concentration of power in the hands of a few interest groups, making it difficult to achieve a reasonable flow and renewal of power. It is difficult for new talents and forces to enter the core of power, and the political system gradually loses its vitality and fails to adapt to the new requirements for political decision-making and management arising from the development of the times.

Excessive protection or restriction of certain industries in the economic sphere may occur, hindering the development of new industries and the restructuring of the economy. For example, while the policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce may have been conducive to stabilizing food production in the early years of an agricultural society, its continued application in an era of gradually emerging commerce and handicrafts will inhibit the development of the commodity economy, leading to an imbalance in the economic structure and preventing the diversification and modernization of the economy.

Moreover, the old State system tends to solidify social classes, forming privileged and oppressed classes. For example, under the feudal hierarchy, the aristocracy enjoyed a great deal of privilege, while the common people faced heavy taxation and social discrimination. The prolonged use of such a system will widen the gap between classes and lead to increasingly acute conflicts, which will easily lead to social unrest and conflict.

Therefore, the continuation of the old state system will lead to the rigidity of the political system, make it difficult for the economy to develop, and easily lead to social unrest and conflict.

Question: What are the main points of the video?

Choices:
A. The video focuses on the dynastic changes in China's 5,000-year history, as well as the major historical events that occurred during each period, outlining the development of China's cultural and intellectual productivity, including politics and economics.
B. The video examines the architectural evolution in ancient China, highlighting the construction techniques and materials used in different dynasties, and their influence on modern engineering practices.
C. The video explores the philosophical schools of thought in Chinese history, such as Confucianism and Taoism, and their impact on societal norms and governance structures throughout the centuries.
D. The video analyzes the economic policies implemented during various Chinese dynasties, focusing on trade routes, taxation systems, and their effects on the empire's prosperity and decline.

Answer: A

The video focuses on the dynastic changes in China's 5,000-year history, as well as the major historical events that occurred during each period, outlining the development of China's cultural and intellectual productivity, including politics and economics.