Given a question we are trying to answer and a list of passages, return a comma separated list of the numbers associated with each passage. These numbers should be ordered by helpfulness in answering the question, with most helpful passage number first, and the least helpful last.

A comma separated list of numbers corresponding to passage indices, ranked in descending order by their helpfulness in answering our question.

Hook into generating the model's JSON schema.

        Args:
            __core_schema: A `pydantic-core` CoreSchema.
                You can ignore this argument and call the handler with a new CoreSchema,
                wrap this CoreSchema (`{'type': 'nullable', 'schema': current_schema}`),
                or just call the handler with the original schema.
            __handler: Call into Pydantic's internal JSON schema generation.
                This will raise a `pydantic.errors.PydanticInvalidForJsonSchema` if JSON schema
                generation fails.
                Since this gets called by `BaseModel.model_json_schema` you can override the
                `schema_generator` argument to that function to change JSON schema generation globally
                for a type.

        Returns:
            A JSON schema, as a Python object.
        

Given the fields `context`, `question`, produce the fields `search_query`.

Are the Carlisle Cathedral and Bangor Cathedral both located in the United Kingdom?

determine if the Carlisle Cathedral and Bangor Cathedral are both located in the United Kingdom. We know that the Carlisle Cathedral is located in Carlisle, England, and the Bangor Cathedral is located in Bangor, Wales. To determine if both cathedrals are located in the United Kingdom, we need to check if Carlisle and Bangor are both located in the United Kingdom. We can use a map to help us with this.

Who was the director of the film whose success, along with that of An American Tail and The Land Before Time, prompted Steven Spielberg to establish his own animation studio?

Given the fields `context` and `question`, determine the specific information being asked and compile a concise search query to retrieve the requested information.

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, identify and provide the specific individual or work being referred to in the context.

Meihekou | Meihekou () is a city of 600,000 in southwestern Jilin province, People's Republic of China. It is a regional transport hub, connecting three railway lines, all of which are single track, and 2 national highways. The city is also a major lorry transshipment point in the region as it is also the junction of two trunk roads, connected to Liaoyuan in the northwest. The city is administratively a county-level city of Tonghua City.

Xinghua, Meihekou | Xinghua () is a town under the administration of Meihekou City in southwestern Jilin province, China, located about 40 km northeast of downtown just off of G1212 Shenyang–Jilin Expressway. , it has eight villages under its administration.

Tumen, Jilin | Tumen is a county-level city in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, eastern Jilin province, Northeast China. Of its 136,000 inhabitants, approximately 78,000 (or 57%) are of Korean descent. The two official languages are Chinese and Korean. Tumen is separated from Namyang of North Hamgyong province of North Korea by the Tumen River. Due to this proximity, many North Koreans escaping their country pass through Tumen. Tumen is also the location of a large detention center for captured North Koreans awaiting deportation. Tumen has two major food markets, the South Market and the North Market, where most of the residents purchase their food. Packaged foods and meats are usually sold inside the building, and vegetables are sold outside. There are six elementary schools, with three Korean schools, and three Chinese schools.

Sanhe, Longjing | Sanhe () is a town under the administration of Longjing City in southeastern Jilin, People's Republic of China, located along the Sino-Korean border west of North Korea; the nearest major settlement across the Tumen River (and the border) is Hoeryong in North Hamgyong Province. It is 41 km southeast of downtown Longjing and 50 km south-southeast of Yanji. , it has one residential community (社区 ) and four villages under its administration.

Tumen River Bridge | The Tumen River Bridge () is a bridge over the Tumen River, connecting Hunchun City, Jilin Province, China, with Undok County, North Hamgyong Province, North Korea. It was built in 1938 by the Japanese Empire and is 535.2 m long and 6.6 m wide. It is located at Quanhe where the Quan River meets the Tumen River.

Which university has more alternate names, Colorado State University or Alexandria University?

Are Emeishan City and Chaoyang, Liaoning both located in China ?

Liaoning | Liaoning () is a province of China, located in the northeast of the country. The modern province was established in 1907 as Fengtian or Fengtien province and the name was changed to Liaoning in 1929. It was also known as Mukden province at the time, for the Manchu pronunciation of Shengjing, the former name of the provincial capital Shenyang. Under the Japanese-puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name but the name Liaoning was restored in 1945 and again in 1954.

Yi County, Liaoning | Yi County or Yixian () is a county in west-central Liaoning Province in Northeast China, and is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Jinzhou. Fengguo Temple, dating from 1020, is located in the county seat.

Liaoning Provincial Museum | The Liaoning Provincial Museum (Chinese: 遼寧省博物館 , 辽宁省博物馆 , "Liáoníngshěng Bówùguǎn") is a prominent museum of history and fine arts located in Shenyang, the capital of China's Liaoning province.

Zhongjiang County | Zhongjiang County (Chinese: 中江县) is a county of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of Deyang city.

rank these passages by their helpfulness in answering our question. We can start by looking at the titles of the passages and seeing if any of them directly address the question.

Who was the Medal of Honor recipient who has a cutter named after him?

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, and a list of passages, rank the passages in order of relevance to the question. Return a comma-separated list of the corresponding passage numbers, with the most relevant passage first and the least relevant last.

find the answer. We know that Meihekou and Tumen are cities in Jilin Province, China. Therefore, the country is China.

Given the fields `context` and `question`, identify the specific information being asked for and produce a concise and accurate response.

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, identify specific works or individuals and provide a concise answer directly corresponding to the question posed.

Raoul Peck | Raoul Peck (born 1953) is a Haitian filmmaker, of both documentary and feature films, and a political activist. From March 1996 to September 1997, he was Haiti's Minister of Culture. His film "I Am Not Your Negro" (2016) about the life of James Baldwin was nominated for an Oscar in January 2017.

Hébert Peck | Hébert Peck, Jr. (born 1958, Port-au-Prince, Haiti) is a Haitian American Oscar-nominated producer, of both television and film. He produced the critically acclaimed documentary film, "I Am Not Your Negro", which he received Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature nominations at the 89th Academy Awards, together with director Raoul Peck and co-producer Rémi Grellety.

The Man by the Shore | The Man by the Shore (French: L'Homme sur les quais ) is a 1993 Haitian-French drama film directed by Raoul Peck. It was entered into the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.

Murder in Pacot | Murder in Pacot (French: "Meurtre à Pacot" , German: "Mord in Haiti" ) is a feature film by Haitian film director Raoul Peck. The film stars Joy Olasunmibo Ogunmakin, Alex Descas, Thibault Vinçon, and Lovely Kermonde Fifi and is a continuation of the theme Peck featured in his last documentary, "Assistance Mortelle" ("Fatal Assistance"), on international aid to Haiti following the earthquake of 12 January 2010 which opened at New York's Film Society of Lincoln Center in February 2014. The lead producers of the joint Haitian, French and Norwegian production were Peck and Remi Grellety.

The Young Karl Marx | The Young Karl Marx ("Le jeune Karl Marx") is a 2017 film about Karl Marx directed by Haitian Raoul Peck, co-written by Peck and Pascal Bonitzer, and starring August Diehl. It was screened at the Berlin Film Festival, from February 9–19, 2017.

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, and a list of passages, rank the passages by their relevance to the question. Return a comma-separated list of the numbers associated with each passage, ordered from the most relevant (helpful) to the least relevant.

Which film was released first, The Three Lives of Thomasina or The Shaggy Dog?

find the answer. We know that The Three Lives of Thomasina is a film about a cat, and The Shaggy Dog is a film about a dog. Therefore, we need to find the film that was released first.

The Fault in Our Stars is a romantic drama film that stars what American actress and activist that was born in San Bernardino County, California, and was raised in the Simi Valley?

Given the fields `context` and `question`, generate a concise and specific query to retrieve the requested information.

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, along with a corresponding context, identify and provide a concise answer that directly corresponds to the specific question posed.

In what city was American professional basketball player Jason Paul Collins drafted onto the Houston Rockets?

Houston Rockets | The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston, Texas. The Rockets compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Southwest Division. The team plays its home games at the Toyota Center, located in downtown Houston. The Rockets have won two NBA championships and four Western Conference titles. The team was established as the San Diego Rockets, an expansion team originally based in San Diego, in 1967. In 1971, the Rockets moved to Houston.

History of the Houston Rockets | The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston, Texas. The team plays in the Southwest Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team was established in 1967, and played in San Diego, California for four years, before moving to Houston, Texas.

List of Houston Rockets statistics and records | The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball franchise based in Houston, Texas. The team plays in the Southwest Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The team was established in 1967, and played in San Diego, California for four years, before relocating to Houston. They have made the playoffs in 25 of their 42 seasons, and won their division and conference four times each; they also won back-to-back NBA championships in 1994 and 1995. They won 22 straight games during the season, the third-longest streak in NBA history.

Houston Rockets all-time roster | The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston, Texas. The team plays in the Southwest Division of the Western Conference in National Basketball Association (NBA). The team was established in 1967, and played in San Diego, California for four years before being moved to Houston. In the Rockets debut season, they won only 15 games. However, after drafting Elvin Hayes first overall in the 1969 NBA Draft, they made their first appearance in the playoffs in 1969. After Hayes was traded, Moses Malone was acquired to replace him. Malone won two MVPs during his time in Houston, and he led the Rockets to the conference finals in his first year with the team. He also took the Rockets to the NBA Finals in 1981, but they were defeated in six games by the Boston Celtics. In 1984, the Rockets drafted Hakeem Olajuwon, who led them to the 1986 Finals in his second year, where they lost again to Boston. In the next seven seasons, they lost in the first round of the playoffs five times. They won their first NBA championship in 1994, led by Olajuwon, who won Finals MVP. They repeated as champions the next year, and Olajuwon won Finals MVP once again. To date, the Rockets have not advanced to the finals again. The Rockets missed the playoffs from 1999–2003, and did not make the playoffs again until after they drafted Yao Ming in 2002. Since then, the Rockets have had a winning season in all but two of the next 14 seasons and, led by James Harden, advanced to the conference finals in 2015.

List of Houston Rockets head coaches | The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston, Texas. They are a member of the Southwest Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They have played their home games at Toyota Center since 2003. Founded by Robert Breitbard in San Diego, the team first joined the NBA in 1967 as an expansion team. After four losing seasons, however, the team was sold to a group of investors based in Houston. The group subsequently relocated the team to Houston, where the Rockets have remained for 37 seasons. The franchise won its only two NBA titles in 1994 and 1995.

rank the passages. We first need to determine which passages are most relevant to the question. Passages [1] and [2] provide general information about the Houston Rockets, but do not directly address the question. Passage [3] provides information about the team's history and achievements, but does not mention Jason Paul Collins. Passage [4] mentions Collins, but only in the context of the team's all-time roster. Passage [5] provides information about the team's head coaches, but is not relevant to the question. Therefore, we will rank the passages in the following order: [4], [1], [2], [3], [5].

What waterfall is located downstream of Wiesendanger Falls along the Historic Columbia River Highway?

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, and a list of passages, rank the passages in order of relevance to the question and return the corresponding passage numbers as a comma-separated list.

Uwe Seeler, professional footballer, appeared in a comedy called "Willi Manages The Whole Thing", his grandson plays football. What is his name?

find the answer. We know that Uwe Seeler is a professional footballer and appeared in a comedy called "Willi Manages The Whole Thing". His grandson also plays football. Therefore, the search query should be something like "Uwe Seeler's grandson name".

What highest civilian award was the actress that starred in Yaraana, along side Rishi Kapooy, Raj Babbar, Kader Khan, and Shakti Kapoor, awarded by the Government of India in 2008?

Given the fields `context`, `question`, produce the fields `answer`.

Samantha Cristoforetti and Mark Shuttleworth are both best known for being first in their field to go where? 

Taylor Wang | Taylor Gun-Jin Wang (; born June 16, 1940) is a Chinese-born American scientist and in 1985, became the first ethnic Chinese person to go into space. While an employee of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wang was a payload specialist on the Space Shuttle Challenger mission STS-51-B.

Monument to Yuri Gagarin | Monument to Yuri Gagarin is a 42.5-meter high pedestal and statue of Yuri Gagarin, the first person to travel in space. It is located at Leninsky Prospekt in Moscow. The pedestal is designed to be reminiscent of a rocket exhaust. The statue is made of titanium, a metal often used in spacecraft, and weighs 12 tons.

Wally Schirra | Walter Marty "Wally" Schirra Jr. (March 12, 1923 – May 3, 2007), (CAPT, USN), was an American naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and one of the original seven astronauts chosen for Project Mercury, United States first effort to put humans in space. He flew the six-orbit, nine-hour Mercury-Atlas 8 mission on October 3, 1962, becoming the fifth American, and the ninth human, to ride a rocket into space. In the two-man Gemini program, he achieved the first space rendezvous, station-keeping his Gemini 6A spacecraft within 1 ft of the sister Gemini 7 spacecraft in December 1965. In October 1968, he commanded Apollo 7, an 11-day low Earth orbit shakedown test of the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module. He was the first person to go into space three times, and the only person to have flown in Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo, logging a total of 295 hours and 15 minutes in space. He retired from the U.S. Navy at the rank of Captain and from NASA after his Apollo flight, becoming a consultant to CBS News for its coverage of the subsequent Apollo flights. He joined Walter Cronkite as co-anchor for the seven Moon landing missions.

Yuri Malenchenko | Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko (Russian: Юрий Иванович Маленченко ; born December 22, 1961) is a retired Russian cosmonaut. Malenchenko became the first person to marry in space, on 10 August 2003, when he married Ekaterina Dmitrieva, who was in Texas, while he was 240 miles over New Zealand, on the International Space Station. As of June 2016, Malenchenko ranks second for career time in space due to his time on both Mir and the International Space Station (ISS).

Man in Space Soonest | Man In Space Soonest (MISS) was a United States Air Force (USAF) program to put a man into outer space before the Soviet Union. The program was cancelled on August 1, 1958, and was replaced by NASA's Project Mercury. Only two men from the program would actually reach outer space. The first, Joseph A. Walker, did so twice in two X-15 rocket plane tests in 1963. Another, Neil Armstrong, became a NASA astronaut in 1962 and became the first person to walk on the Moon in 1969.

rank these passages by their helpfulness in answering our question. We can start by considering the information that is most directly relevant to the question.

Where is the crowdfunding corporation that made Allie Goertz's "Sad Dance Songs" album possible based?

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, and a list of passages, rank the passages by relevance to the question and provide a comma-separated list of the passage numbers in descending order of relevance.

find the answer to this question. We know that Jason Paul Collins is an American professional basketball player, and we know that he was drafted onto the Houston Rockets. Therefore, the city where he was drafted must be the city where the Houston Rockets are located.

Given the fields `context` and `question`, retrieve the specific piece of information required to answer the question. Use the search terms provided in the `search_query` to find the precise answer.

Given the fields `context` and `question`, provide the title of the film that was released first as the answer.

Levin Öztunalı | Levin Mete Öztunalı (born 15 March 1996) is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Mainz 05 and the Germany U21 national team.

Uwe Seeler | Uwe Seeler (born 5 November 1936) is a former German footballer and football official. He played for Hamburger SV and also made 72 appearances for the West German national team. Usually regarded as one of the greatest players in German football history, in 2004, he was named as one of FIFA's 125 greatest living players, by Pelé. His grandson, Levin Öztunalı, is also a professional footballer.

Amiram Levin | Amiram Levin (Hebrew: עמירם לוין‎ ‎ ; born 7 July 1946) is a retired Aluf (Major General, res.) who was commander of the IDF Northern Command. For many years he served in Sayeret Matkal, was its commander, and was involved in some of its prominent actions. Levin also served as deputy of the Mossad Director, and chairman of the National Roads Company.

Volodimir Levin | Volodimir Levin (born 23 January 1984 in Arkhangelsk, Russian SFSR) is an Azerbaijani professional footballer, who last played as a defender for Gabala and the Azerbaijan national team. He also holds Ukrainian citizenship.

Nahum Levin | Nahum Levin (Hebrew: נחום לוין‎ , born 8 June 1905, died 8 June 1967) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Herut and Gahal from 1955 until 1965.

Given a question we are trying to answer and a list of passages, return a comma-separated list of the numbers associated with each passage, ordered by helpfulness in answering the question, with the most helpful passage number first and the least helpful last.

Merle Reagle did crosswords for what magazine that has a focus on aging issues?

find the search query. We know that Merle Reagle did crosswords for a magazine that has a focus on aging issues. We can start by searching for crosswords and aging issues.

Given the varied syntax and focus on identifying specific works or individuals in fact-based questions related to pop culture, history, and entertainment, generate a search query that retrieves precise information relevant to the specific and varied questions posed.

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment and the corresponding context, provide a concise and accurate answer identifying specific works or individuals.

The Shaggy Dog (1959 film) | The Shaggy Dog is a black-and-white 1959 Walt Disney film about Wilby Daniels, a teenage boy who by the power of an enchanted ring of the Borgias is transformed into the title character, a shaggy Old English Sheepdog. The film was based on the story "The Hound of Florence" by Felix Salten. It is directed by Charles Barton and stars Fred MacMurray, Tommy Kirk, Jean Hagen, Kevin Corcoran, Tim Considine, Roberta Shore, and Annette Funicello. This was Walt Disney's first live-action comedy.

The Shaggy Dog (2006 film) | The Shaggy Dog is a 2006 American family comedy film directed by Brian Robbins and written by Geoff Rodkey, Jack Amiel, Michael Begler, Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley. It is the second remake of the 1959 film of the same name, which was first remade as a television film in 1994. Both the 1959 and 1994 features, as well as the 1976 theatrical sequel and the 1987 television sequel, had a character named Wilby Daniels transforming into an Old English Sheepdog, whereas this remake presents a character named Dave Douglas transforming into a Bearded Collie. It stars Tim Allen, Robert Downey, Jr., Kristin Davis, Danny Glover, Spencer Breslin, Jane Curtin, Zena Grey and Philip Baker Hall.

The Shaggy Dog (1994 film) | The Shaggy Dog is a 1994 American made-for-television fantasy-comedy film and a remake of the 1959 film of the same name produced by Walt Disney Television which premiered on November 12, 1994 as part of "The Wonderful World of Disney". It is the first in a series of four remakes of classic Disney films produced for broadcast on ABC during the 1994–95 television season.

The Shaggy D.A. | The Shaggy D.A. is a 1976 American comedy film and a sequel to "The Shaggy Dog" (1959) produced by Walt Disney Productions. It was directed by Robert Stevenson and written by Don Tait, based on the original film and inspired by the long out-of-print Felix Salten novel, "The Hound of Florence."

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, with a focus on identifying specific works or individuals, generate a search query that includes the key elements of the question for precise information retrieval.

Given the information in the `context`, answer the `question` with a concise and specific response.

Merl Reagle | Merl Harry Reagle (January 5, 1950 – August 22, 2015) was an American crossword constructor. For 30 years, he constructed a puzzle every Sunday for the "San Francisco Chronicle" (originally the "San Francisco Examiner"), which he syndicated to more than 50 Sunday newspapers, including the "Washington Post", the "Los Angeles Times", the "Philadelphia Inquirer", the "Seattle Times", "The Plain Dealer" (Cleveland, Ohio), the "Hartford Courant", the "New York Observer", and the "Arizona Daily Star". Reagle also produced a bimonthly crossword puzzle for "AARP The Magazine" magazine, a monthly crossword puzzle for the Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI, and puzzles for the American Crossword Puzzle Tournament.

Merle Pertile | Merle Pertile (November 23, 1941 in Whittier, California – November 28, 1997 in California) was an American model and actress. She was "Playboy" magazine's Playmate of the Month for its January 1962 issue.

Given a question and a list of passages, identify the most relevant passage by returning the number associated with it.

determine if Emeishan City and Chaoyang, Liaoning are both located in China. We know that Emeishan City is located in Sichuan Province, China. We also know that Chaoyang, Liaoning is located in Liaoning Province, China. To determine if both cities are located in China, we need to check if Sichuan Province and Liaoning Province are both located in China. We can do this by searching for "Sichuan Province China" and "Liaoning Province China" on a search engine.

Bangor, Gwynedd | Bangor ( ; ] ) is a city in Gwynedd unitary authority, north west Wales, and one of the smallest cities in the United Kingdom. It is the oldest city in Wales. Historically in Caernarfonshire, it is a university city with a population of 18,808 at the 2011 census, including around 10,500 students at Bangor University and including Pentir community. It is one of only six places classed as a city in Wales, although it is only the 25th-largest urban area by population. According to the 2001 census, 46.6% of the non-student resident population speak Welsh, which is low for Gwynedd but despite this, the language keeps a high profile in the city.

Bangors | Bangors is a village in northeast Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is approximately four miles (6 km) south of Bude on the A39 trunk road, within the civil parish of Poundstock.

Cumbria | Cumbria ( ; locally [ˈkʊmbɾiə] ) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's county town is Carlisle, in the north of the county, and the only other major urban area is Barrow-in-Furness on the southwestern tip of the county.

Carlisle, Cumbria | Carlisle ( or from Cumbric: "Caer Luel" Scottish Gaelic: "Cathair Luail" ) is a city and the county town of Cumbria. Historically in Cumberland, it is also the administrative centre of the City of Carlisle district in North West England. Carlisle is located at the confluence of the rivers Eden, Caldew and Petteril, 10 mi south of the Scottish border. It is the largest settlement in the county of Cumbria, and serves as the administrative centre for both Carlisle City Council and Cumbria County Council. At the time of the 2001 census, the population of Carlisle was 71,773, with 100,734 living in the wider city. Ten years later, at the 2011 census, the city's population had risen to 75,306, with 107,524 in the wider city.

City of Carlisle | The City of Carlisle ( or ) is a local government district of Cumbria, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Carlisle, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Brampton and Longtown, as well as outlying villages including Dalston, Scotby and Wetheral. The city has a population of 107,524. and an area of 1039.97 km2 , making it the largest city in England by area (although the majority of its territory is not urbanised, but rural).

rank the passages by their helpfulness in answering our question. We can start by considering the location of the passages. Bangor is located in Wales, while Carlisle and Cumbria are located in England. This suggests that the passages related to Bangor are not relevant to our question, as the United Kingdom is a single country and not two separate countries. Therefore, we can rank the passages as follows:

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, and a list of relevant passages, rank the passages by their relevance to the question. Return a comma-separated list of the numbers associated with each passage in order of relevance, with the most helpful passage number first, and the least helpful last.

Given the fields 'context' and 'question', generate a 'search_query' that directly answers the specific question posed, using concise and precise language.

Japanese Lunar Exploration Program | The (Japanese) Lunar Exploration Program (月探査計画), is a program of robotic and human missions to the Moon undertaken by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and its division, the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). It is also one of the three major enterprises of the JAXA Space Exploration Center (JSPEC). The main goal of the program is "to elucidate the origin and evolution of the Moon and utilize the Moon in the future".

Exploration Systems Architecture Study | The Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) is the official title of a large-scale, system level study released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in November 2005 in response to American president George W. Bush's announcement on January 14, 2004 of his goal of returning astronauts to the Moon and eventually Mars — known as the Vision for Space Exploration (and unofficially as "Moon, Mars and Beyond" in some aerospace circles, though the specifics of a manned "beyond" program remain vague).

American Astronautical Society | Formed in 1954, the American Astronautical Society (AAS) is an independent scientific and technical group in the United States dedicated to the advancement of space science and exploration. AAS supports NASA's Vision for Space Exploration and is a member of the Coalition for Space Exploration and the Space Exploration Alliance. The AAS also focuses on strengthening the global space program through cooperation with international space organizations.

Explorers program | The Explorers program is a United States space exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations from space. Over 90 space missions have been launched since 1958, and it is still active. Starting with Explorer 6, it has been operated by NASA, with regular collaboration with a variety of other institutions, including many international partners.

Deep space exploration | Deep space exploration (or deep-space exploration) is the branch of astronomy, astronautics and space technology that is involved with exploring the distant regions of outer space. Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights (deep-space astronautics) and by robotic spacecraft.

rank these passages by their helpfulness in answering our question. We can start by considering the relevance of each passage to the location of Meihekou and Tumen, Jilin.

Given a fact-based question, select the passage that provides the most relevant and specific information to answer the question.

determine if both Scott Treleaven and Raoul Peck make films. We know that Scott Treleaven is a filmmaker, so we need to check if Raoul Peck is also a filmmaker. We can do this by searching for "Raoul Peck filmmaker" in a search engine.

Velvet Film | Velvet Film is a film production company. It was created 1986 in Berlin, Germany by the Haitian filmmaker and political activist Raoul Peck as Velvet Film GmbH. The company is now based in France, Haiti and in the United States of America. Lumumba, la mort d'un prophète was 1991 the first feature film produced by the company. The film was successfully shown all over Europe and North America and so enabled the partnership of Velvet Film in future production with JBA Production (France), Arte (France and Germany), HBO (USA) and others. All later documentaries, feature films and TV dramas of Peck have been produced or co-produced by Velvet Film.

Lumumba, la mort d'un prophète | Lumumba, la mort d'un prophète (Lumumba, the death of a prophet) is a 1990 documentary film by Haitian director Raoul Peck. It covers the death of Patrice Lumumba, the first prime minister of Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The film was critically acclaimed and won a number of awards.

rank the passages by their helpfulness in answering our question. We can start by looking at the titles of the passages and identifying the ones that mention Scott Treleaven.

Based on the titles, it appears that only passage [3] mentions Scott Treleaven. Therefore, the ranking would be:

Houston | Houston ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2016 population of 2.303 million within an area of 667 sqmi , it is also the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the principal city of the Greater Houston metro area, which is the fifth-most populated MSA in the United States.

Houston (disambiguation) | Houston is the fourth-most populous city in the United States and the most populous in the state of Texas.

Geography of Houston | Houston, the most populous city in the Southern United States, is located along the upper Texas Gulf Coast, approximately 50 mi northwest of the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston. The city, which is the ninth-largest in the United States by area, covers 601.7 sqmi , of which 579.4 sqmi , or 96.3%, is land and 22.3 sqmi , or 3.7%, is water.

Politics of Houston | The politics of Houston in the U.S. state of Texas are complex and constantly shifting in part owing to the fact that the city is one of the fastest growing major cities in the United States and that it is the largest without zoning laws. Houston was founded in 1836 and incorporated in 1837. The city is the county seat of Harris County. A portion of southwest Houston extends into Fort Bend County and a small portion in the northeast extends into Montgomery County.

Houston, Missouri | Houston is a city in Texas County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,081 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Texas County.

Given the fields `context` and `question`, generate a specific and concise `search query` to retrieve the required information.

Given the context of a person or work and a corresponding fact-based question, identify and provide the specific work or individual associated with the question.

Given the fields `context` and `question`, generate a concise and specific `search_query` that directly corresponds to the information sought in the question.

Chaoyang, Liaoning | Chaoyang () is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, People's Republic of China.

Xiangyang Subdistrict, Chaoyang | Xiangyang Subdistrict (向阳街道) is a subdistrict of Longcheng District, Chaoyang City, Liaoning, China.

Shuangta District | Shuangta District () is a district of Chaoyang City, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.

Chaoyang County | Chaoyang County () is a county of Liaoning, China. It is under the administration of Chaoyang city.

Longcheng District | Longcheng District ( is a district of Chaoyang City, Liaoning province, People's Republic of China.

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, provide a concise and precise answer that directly corresponds to the specific question posed.

Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology | The Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology is a peer-reviewed academic journal publishing articles on the aging process. The journal includes articles covering both Western and non-Western societies, covering disciplines including history, anthropology, sociology, political science, psychology, population studies, and health care and taking both theoretical or applied approaches.

Aging and Disease | Aging and Disease is a bimonthly peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by JKL International on behalf of the International Society on Aging and Disease. It covers all issues pertaining to the biology of aging, pathophysiology of age-related diseases, and novel treatments for diseases afflicting the elderly. The journal was established in 2010 and the editors-in-chief are Kunlin Jin (University of North Texas), Ashok Shetty (University of Texas at Austin), and David Greenberg (Buck Institute for Research on Aging).

Journal of Aging &amp; Social Policy | The Journal of Aging & Social Policy is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering aging and related public policy issues. It was established in 1989 and is published by Routledge. The editor-in-chief is Edward Alan Miller (University of Massachusetts Boston), who replaced previous editor Francis Caro (University of Massachusetts Boston) in January 2016. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.256.

Gerodiversity | Gerodiversity is the multicultural approach to issues of aging. This approach provides a theoretical foundation for the medical and psychological treatment of older adults within an ecological context that includes their cultural identity and heritage, social environment, community, family system, and significant relationships (Iwasaki, Tazeau, Kimmel, Baker, & McCallum, 2009). Gerodiversity encompasses a social justice framework, which considers the social and historical dynamics of privilege and inequality (Iwasaki et al., 2009). In addition to issues of aging, gerodiversity includes race, ethnicity, language, gender identity, socioeconomic status, physical ability or disability, sexual orientation, level of education, country of origin, location of residence, and religion or spirituality.

Crosswords DS | Crosswords DS (also known as CrossworDS) and as Nintendo presents: Crossword Collection in PAL regions is a puzzle video game released by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console. It was previously released in Australia as CrossworDS but a new OFLC entry confirms that Nintendo Australia is re-releasing it with a European localization. It was first released in North America, and has since been released in Australia. "Crosswords DS" features over 1,000 crossword puzzles that the player solves by using the stylus. Despite the title, it also features word search puzzles and anagram puzzles. It makes use of similar handwriting mechanics that the "Brain Age" titles make use of. "Crosswords DS" is included in the "Touch! Generations" series of titles, which includes such popular games as "" and "Nintendogs". The background music was composed by Fabian Del Priore.

rank the passages by their helpfulness in answering our question. We can start by considering the relevance of each passage to the topic of crosswords and aging issues.

Based on this analysis, the most helpful passage for answering our question is [1] Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, followed by [2] Aging and Disease, [3] Journal of Aging & Social Policy, [4] Gerodiversity, and [5] Crosswords DS.

Given a fact-based question related to pop culture, history, or entertainment, and a list of passages, rank the passages based on their relevance to the question. Return a comma-separated list of the numbers associated with each passage, ordered from most relevant (first) to least relevant (last).

Given the fields `context` and `question`, provide a concise and accurate response in the `answer` field, with a focus on identifying specific works or individuals related to pop culture, history, and entertainment.

Uwe Dassler | Uwe Daßler (born 11 February 1967), commonly spelled Uwe Dassler in English, is a former middle- and long-distance swimmer from Germany, who represented East Germany (GDR) in international competition.

Uwe Preißler | Uwe Preißler (born 17 June 1967) is a German former cyclist. He competed in the team pursuit event at the 1988 Summer Olympics winning a silver medal.

Uwe Ehlers | Uwe Ehlers (born 8 March 1975) is a German former footballer who last managed Hansa Rostock.

Uwe Zimmermann | Uwe 'Zimbo' Zimmermann (born February 11, 1962 in Kronau) is a German football coach and a former player. His son Simon Zimmermann is a professional footballer in the lower level German leagues.

rank these passages by their helpfulness in answering our question. We know that Uwe Seeler is a former German footballer and that his grandson plays football, so we should look for passages that mention Uwe Seeler's name and his grandson's name.

find the search query. We know that Samantha Cristoforetti and Mark Shuttleworth are both best known for being first in their field to go where? We can start by looking at the context of their achievements.

The Three Lives of Thomasina | The Three Lives of Thomasina is a 1963 British fantasy film starring Patrick McGoohan, Susan Hampshire, child actor Matthew Garber and child actress Karen Dotrice in a story about a cat and her influence on a family. The screenplay was written by Robert Westerby and Paul Gallico. It was based upon Gallico's 1957 novel "Thomasina, the Cat Who Thought She Was God". The film was directed by Don Chaffey, and shot in Inveraray, Argyll, Scotland, and Pinewood Studios, England. "Thomasina" has been broadcast on television and released to VHS and DVD.

Thomasina, the Cat Who Thought She Was God | Thomasina, the Cat Who Thought She Was God or Thomasina is a 1957 novel by Paul Gallico about a cat who is owned by a child whose father is very strict and needs to understand about how love is powerful enough to help others. The book was made into the Disney film "The Three Lives of Thomasina" starring Karen Dotrice, Matthew Garber, Patrick Mcgoohan and Susan Hampshire and directed by Don Chaffey.

Original Doberman | Original Doberman is the second studio album released by Jamaican singer Shaggy. Released on July 1, 1994, the album has become Shaggy's only album not to have any singles released from it. The album features several duets with Rayvon, some of which were included on Rayvon's greatest hits compilation, which was released in 2003. "Lately" was used as the theme to popular Jamaican game show "Lamba" between 1994 and 1995. The album was re-issued in 2002 with the same track listing.

rank the passages by their helpfulness in answering our question. We can start by considering the relevance of each passage to the topic of the question.